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ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNI^^L. 



O. McCLINTOCK & Co. 

By dire<5l succession the oldest House in 

CARPETS, 

CURTAINS f^^ 

FURNITURE 

In ^fyeste^n Pennsylvania. 
PITTSBURGH. 



1S07 
S. Oc J. Thompi^on 

1820 

Sam'I TbomiMnoii, 

yFa'/ier-in-Law of) 

1S37 
W. SfcCliutock, 

IMcCIiutock & Koii 

0,aicCliiitoolc & Co. 



41 FIFTH AVE. PlTTSBlJRGri. 

IQillinerg, Oress and |||rap Trimmings "1 

+ + FURS + -Hh 

Hosiery, Gloves, Underwear, Corsets, Musim Undergarments, 
. Infants' Clothing, White Goods, Embroideries, Laces, 
Handkerchiefs, Ruchings, Collars & Cuffs. 

ART EMBROIDERY MATERIAL, 

Plushes, Japanese and Chinese Embroidery Goods, Gents' 

English Smoking Jackets and Gowns, and 

Furnishing Goods in General. 

SILK UMBRELLAS, WATER PROOF GUM COATS, AC. 

Lowest prices and polite attentioi^ guaranteed to all who favor us with 
their patronage. 

HORNE & WARD* 41 FirTH AVENIJE 

*« SXJnVIVAI^ OF THE FITTEST." 



Allegheny County 



ITS 



Early History and Subsequent Development. 



From the Earliest Period till 1790, 

By Rev. A. A. LAMBING, LL. D. 

I 



From 1790 till the Present Time, 



BY HON, 7. TV. F. WHITE, 



Published Under the Auspices of the 

ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE. 



Pittsburgh, Pa. : 

Snowden & Peterson, Publishers, 80 Diamond Street, 
1888. 



<fv 



^"^ 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 
iS88, by 

SNOW DEN & PETERSON. 



All Rights Reserved. 



.^^ INDEX 



FIRST PART. 

History of Allegheny County (Rev. A. A. Lambing) 7-69 

History of Allegheny County (Judge J. W. F. White) 69-94 

The Judiciary of Allegheny County 94 

Allegheny County Industries 120 

Churches of Pittsburgh and Allegheny 130 



ADVERTISEMENTS PRECEDING SECOND PART. 



Germania Savings Bank, 

German National Bank, 

Pitts. Nat. Bank of Commerce, 

Masonic Bank, 

Citizens National Bank, 

City Savings Bank, 

(3dd Fellows Savings Bank, 

Tradesmen's National Bank, 

First Nat. Bank of Pittsburgh, 

Peoples Savings I5ank, 

Alleg'y Nat. Bank of Pittsburgh, 

Union National Bank, 

N. Holmes & Sons, 

Joseph Home & Co. 

E. K. Harrison, 



Hotel Duquesne, 
Arbuckles & Co., Limited, 
Dilworth Bros., 
Way man & Bro., 
Haworth & Dewhurst, 
Wharton McKnight, 
The Safe Deposit Company, 
Kevstone Bank of Pittsburg! 
T. Mellon & Sons, 
Robinson Bros., 
Rea, Bros. & Co., 
Diamond National Bank, 
Geo. B. Hill & Co., 
Bear Creek Refining Co., 
Warden & O.^nard , 



Iron City National Bank, 

Miller, Metcalf & Parkin, 

Singer, Nimick&Co., 

Pittsburgh Locomotive Works 

H. K. Porter & Co., 

J. R. Hutchinson, 

"Zug & Co., 

Wcstinghouse Air Brake Co., 

Nimick & Brittain Mfg. Co., 

Kier Bro.s., 

Murdock&Co., 

Marshall Bros., 

Spang, Chalfant & Co., 

Spang, Steel & Iron Co., Ltd., 

McClure Coke Company. 



SECOND PART. 



Leading Merchants and Manufacturers 1 

Address of Centennial Committee 100 

Rules 104 

General Committee 104 

Standing Sub-Committees 106 

Programme, First Day 110, 112, 114 

Programme, Second Day 116, 118 

Programme, Third Day 120, 122 

Places of Interest , 124, 126, 128, 130, 132 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNLVL. 



ADVERTISEMENTS IN SECOND PART. 



Logan , Gregg & Co 

Bank of Pittsburgh 

Fidelity 'i'itle & Trust Co 

Merchants S: Mfg Nat Bank. 
Pittsburgli Bank for Savings. 

Dollar Savings Bank 

T^awrencc Bank 

Penn'a Female College 

Si)eer White Sand Co 

Pcnn'a Mfg., Mining &. Sup- 
ply Co 

L. H, Harris Drug Co 

Morrison, Cass & Co 

B. F. Rynd 

Krnst A.xthelm 

Star Encaustic Tile Co., Lim. 

Empire Drill Co 

W-. E. Ross, Artesian Wells.. 
Phoenix Fire Brick Works... 

Reineke, Wilson & Co 

Jarccki INIanufactiiring Co 

Reed & Krebs 

I. F. Schroeder 

Harbison S: Walker 

Woodland Fire Brick Co 

Johnsons, Eagye & Earl 

Jas. W. Houston & Co 

Wm. Haslage & Son 

Demmler Bros 

Western University 

WillH. Watson 

E. W. Histed 

Oil Well Supply Co., Lim 

Edward Rice, Tailor 

W. T. Bown 

Mutual Life Insurance Co 

Geo. W. Biggs & Cc 

Geo. K. Stevenson S: Co 

Longfellow, Alden & Harlow 

John A. McConnell & Co 

Thos. Fox, Coal 

Phoenix (Galvanizing Co., Ltd 
D. Lutz & Sons, Lion Brew'y 

Iron City Bridge Works 

Tibby Brothers 

J. C. Bragdon 

Dauler, Close & Johns 



3 Hartley & Marshall..... 

5 /Etna Life Insurance Co 

7 J. C. Butfum & Co .^ 

9 Barnes Safe and Lock Co 

II Pittsburgh Safe and Lock Co. 

13 A. J. Logan & Co 

13 Moorhead, Brother & Co 

13 Klein, Logan & Co.... 

15 Pittsburgh Steel Casting Co... 

Dilvvorth, Porter & Co 

17 C. G. Hussey& Co 

19 A. Garrison Foundry Co 

21 Curry University 

23 Jas. CoUord 

23 A. G. Campbell & Sons 

25 F. & J. Heinz 

25 Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge.... 

25 A. Letzkus 

27 Evans, Cunningham & Jones.. 

27 John Boyd 

29 L. W. Dalzell & Co 

29 Jos. Fleming 

29 Burns & Jahn 



Fischer Foundry & Machn Co 

31 M. Lanz & Sons, 

33 The J. O. Schimmel Prs. Co. 

35 Shoenberger & Co 

37 Shoenberger Speer & Co 

39 Boggs & Buhl 

41 Me'llor & Hoene .^ 

43 Amer. Tube & Iron Co 

43 Union Planing Mill Co 

45 N. Alt & Son 

47 Thos. Evans Co 

47 Robert F. Mayer 

49 Chas. H. Humbert 

49 M. Winter &Bro 

51 National Brewery 

51 C. Baeuerlein Brewing Co 

53 South Side Brewery 

53 Pittsburgh & Lake Erie R.R. 

53 E. C. Fralich 

55 Schluederberg & Perrot 

55 Excelsior Ex. & Standard 

57 Cab Co 

57 Boyd & Beatty 

59 Frank J. Guckert 

Keystone Brewing Co., Ltd... 



Ebcrhardt & Ober Brn'g Co.. 97 

Rosenbaum & Co 98 

Reinecke & Co 98 

Emil Loos loi 

Frauenheim & Vilsack loi 

Wolff Lane & Co 103 

J. R. Reed & Co 103 

Monongahela House 105 

Henrick's Temple of Music. ..105 

E. G. Hays & Co 105 

H. Kleber & Bro 108 

Fred. Sauer 107 

Allegheny Transfer Co 107 

Kennedy's Dining and Lunch 

Rooms 108 

Brush Electric Co 109 

Moorhead-McCleane Co m 

Pennsylvania Tube Works. ...iii 

Bindley Hardware Co ..113 

L. H. SmithWoodenWareCo.113 

West Point Boiler Works 115 

Chas. Reizenstein 115 

P. C. Schoeneck 117 

Fairbanks & Co 117 

Jos. Eichbaum & Co 119 

F. G. Reineman 119 

Garfitld, Fertig & Co 121 

Dr. Sadler 121 

The Beymer-Bauman L'd Co. 121 

D. & F. S. Welty 123 

Thos. Wightman& Co 123 

Stevens Chair Co 125 

Wm. Semple 125 

J. S. Ramsey& Co 125 

Holy Ghost College 127 

'"' "ng's Confc. & Restrnt. 120 



Dimling 

McKain & Son, Hatters 

Mutual Benefit Life Ins. Co.. 
Atlas Bronze & Tuyere Co... 
Prentice & Hackett 



29 
31 
31 
33 
137 

MCKEESPORT 

National Tube Works 139 

Bank of McKeesport 138 

First National Bank 138 

Hotel White 138 

Wernke Bros 140 



ADVERTISEMENTS FOLLOWING SECOND PART. 



Carnegie, Phipps & Co. 
The A. French Spring Co., Lii 
Tumbo Coal ^t Coke Co. 
McCullough, Dalzell & Co. 
H. G. Dravo. 

Pittsburgh Forge & Iron Co. 
Martin Lapyje & Sons. 
Armstrong. Brother & Co. 

F. J. Albrecht. 
Westinghouse Electric Co. 
Geo. A. Macbeth & Co. 
Wm. Ross Proctor. 
Danziger's Stores. 
Leader I'ublishing Co. 

H. E. Collins & Co. 

The M.:Conway & Torley Co. 

Alfred l',. Windsor & Co. 

Z. Waiiiwright & Co. 

C. W. (i. Ferris & Co. 

The Robert W. Hunt Bureau 

Inspection, etc. 
S. Hamilton. 
Thos. P. Hershberger & Son. 

G. A. Cochrane. 
Thompson & Co. 



J. L. Forsaith & Co. 
n. Metcalf, Paul & Co. 

Republic Iron Works, Lim. 
F. J. Kress. 
Alex. Patter.«!on. 

D. L. Patterson. 
A. H. Childs. 
Booth & Flinn. 
John Logan. 

j. P. & R. H. Knox. 
Ardary Brothers. 

E. B. Renouf. 
Seventh Avenue Hotel. 
Allegheny Express Co. 
S. Stutz. 

Lutz Bros. 

Ajax Manufacturing Co. 
Chester B. Albree. 
Fred. Gwinner. 
ofW. F. Trimble. 

W. S. Pcndlcberry, Son & Co. 
M. Ofipenheimer & Co. 
John L. Staub. 
J. A. McCormick. 
C- John Reiling. 



James Hay. 

A. R. Speer. 

Dain & Daschbach. 

Enterprise Drilling Co. 

Eclipse Machine Co. 

J. H. Rottkay. 

F. L. Voegtly & Co. 

John Hart. 

Specialty Manufacturing Co. 

Chas. Pfeifer. 

Allegheny Wagon Works. 

Rawsthorne Bros. 

Geo. McFerron & Co. 

W. W. Renkin. 

Chas. Louder. 

S S Marshall .S: Bros. 

Wn). Grusch & Co. 

Hagmaier & Albrecht. 

Craft & Fi.sher. 

Young & Smith. 

Wm. Peoples. 

Western Hotel, Allegheny. 

James Lowrie. 

j. & H. Phillips. 



PREFACE. 



Believing that the Celebration of the Centennial Anniversary 
of the organization of Allegheny County would not be complete 
without a sketch of the territory embraced within the original 
lines of the county, and of that part of Western Pennsylvania 
from which the same was taken — virtually including the early his- 
tory of Western Pennsylvania, such a history of the early settle- 
ment of Allegheny County, of the midnight raids by the Indians, 
of the bloody battles, of the hardships and privations endured by 
the pioneers, and, later on, by the wonderful development and 
growth of the same during the past century — cannot but be inter- 
esting to every citizen of the county. 

The following historical sketch is presented to the citizens 
of Allegheny County by the Centennial Committee with the be- 
lief that no country nor age ever presented a more interesting and 
thrilling story of conquest, of vSettlement and development, than 
does the history of the settlement of Allegheny County, and of its 
subsequent marvellous growth and prosperity. As written in the 
felicitous style of the gifted authors, it can scarcely be improved 

upon by the touch of the romancer. 

C. S. F. 



Allegheny County: 



EARLY HISTORY AND SUBSEQUENT DEVELOPMENT. 



CHAPTER I. 



FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TILL THE YEAR 1754. 



Introductory Remarks — A Centennial Celebration Fitting — The Name "Allegheny" — Aborigines — 
Indian Villages — -Trails — Royal Patents and Charters — Early Explorers, Traders and Adven- 
turers — Land Companies — Negotiations with the Indians — Claims and Operations of the 
French — Explorations for the Ohio Land Company — French Forts^Frontier Cabins. 

The growth and development of onr country, especially west of the 
Allegheny mountains, has been something phenomenal. Where a cen- 
tury ago or less nothing was to be seen but vast primeval forests or 
boundless prairies, inhabited b3' wild animals and savages only a little 
less ferocious, all has been changed by the rapid march of civilization. 
The few villages that dared to spring up at that early day have become 
populous cities, the solitary cabins of the hardy adventurers have given 
place to thriving towns and villages, the forests and prairies have been 
transformed into rich agricultural districts, and in every direction lines 
of railroad are seen threading their course to carry the fruits of industry 
to a ready market. Telegraph lines facilitate communication, and over 
all, religion spreads her peaceful mantle, education sheds her cheering 
light, and a popular government secures for all equal rights. Thej^eo- 
ples of the Old World, confined to traditional grooves, contemplate 
with astonishment the gigantic strides of the Great Republic of the 
West, and speculate on what the end is to be, or whether there will be 
an end to this onward march of national prosperity and domestic hap- 
piness. 

Nowhere, perhaps, is this extraordinary growth more marked than 
in Western Pennsylvania, nearly all of which was once included within 
the limits of Allegheny county. From the date of the arrival of the 
first wliite man at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela 
rivers, the natural advantages of that section of country was recog- 
nized as a future center of pox)ulation and industry. But as time went 
on, and the various and inexhaustible mineral , resources of the sur- 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



rounding country were gradually developed, it was seen with what sin- 
gular generosity Nature had lavished her choicest gifts upon that 
favored spot. Cities sprang up that first emulated the great industrial 
centers of the world, then rivaled, and now threaten to surpass them. 
Our cities, proud of the distinction tliey had won, excited the admira- 
tion of the world, when lo ! Dame Fortune, as if to show that Alle- 
gheny County was her favorite haunt, opened to the astonislied gaze of 
her children and the world a new, and till then unheard of source of 
wealth and pre-eminence, in the vast supply of natural gas, that leaves 
this locality without a peer on earth, and brings an amount of capital, 
industry and population to her, that even the most sanguine camlot but 
regard with astonishment. / 

The importance of this section of country from an historical point 
of view, is not less deserving of attention. Circumstances seemed 
from an early day to prepare it for the distinction it was afterward to 
enjoy. Few places have been so distinguished by the vicissitudes that 
marked the various periods of their history as Allegheny county, from 
the days when it was alternately the battle field and the hunting 
ground of conflic ting tribes o f red men, to the time in which it was 
Anally settled, after having passed successively under the yoke of three 
nations of the pale faces — the French, the English and the Americans. 

Fitting then it is that a country so distinguished for its favorable 
location, its inexhaustible mineral wealth, its boundless industries, its 
restless and rapidly increasing population, and its interesting history 
should celebrate the centenary of its erection, and that in a style in 
keeping with its importance. The past, the present and the future de- 
mand it. The past that it may not be forgotten; the present that its ad- 
vantages may be made known and appreciated, and the future that it 
may recall with becoming pride the scenes of the days of other years, 
and may bless the memory of those who have gone to their final rest, 
after having nobly performed their part in these busy scenes. 

And first of the name "Allegheny." It is derived, as all authori- 
ties are agreed, from the designation of an aboriginal tribe, the " Talli- 
gewi," or ''Alligewi," that inhabited the valley of the Allegheny river 
prior to the coming of the tribes found there by the first white adven- 
turers. We shall not, however, pause to inquire into what little is. 
known from tradition of this pre-historic nation; suffice it to say that 
it has left its name in a modified form so indelibly engraven, that it will 
l)e remembered so long as a ri\>3r flows or a range of mountains rears 
its summit toward heaven. Xm process of time the Lenni Lenape, 
better known as the Delaware Indians, one of the most powerful tribes, 
or family of tribes, in North America, succeeded in gaining the mas- 
tery. Jkit before the advent of the whites the vicissitudes of savage 
warfare had wrestled the supremacy from them, and bestowed it upon 
the indomitable Inx^uois, or Six Nations, the "Komans of America.'' 
That powerful confederation o('x;upied the territory south of I^ake 
Ontario, bu^ clainied mucli more; and the dread of them reached from 
the shores of the Atlantic to the Valley of the Mississippi, and from the 
headwaters of the Ottawa to the Carolinas. They laid claiui to all 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



Western Pennsylvania, and their claim was readily acknowledged by 
the re mnants of other tribes that occupied it, especially the Delawares, 
their former rivals, whom they had conquered, and, in the language of 
the rude sons of the forest, "made women of." The Shawanese, who 
had been conquered by the Iroquois about the year 1672, were allowed 
to make their homes in the valley of the upper Ohio and in other parts 
of the State of the same name. Members of a few other tribes were 
also found scattered throughout the territory of Western Pennsylvania, . 
but not in considerable numbers. Such, in brief, was the disposition of 
the aboriginal tribes in the territory now engaging our attention at the 
opening of the period of authentic historj\ It would be imj)ossible to 
form anything like an accurate estimate of the number of Indians of 
the seveial tribes living in Western Pennsylvania when the first ^vhite 
adventurers made their appearance upon the scene, both because no 
census was ever attempted, and because their residence was not perma- 
nent. Suffice it to say, that,, considering the extensive territory, the 
population was very small, v 

The character of the Indians naturally gave rise to numerous towns 
and villages, or what were popularly designated as such, composed 
sometimes of the members of one tribe, at other times of the members 
of several tr ibes living t ogether in harmony. These villages were 
usually quite small, consisting at times of not more than a few cabins, 
were for the most part located along streams, and were frequently 
moved from one place to another, as necessity or caprice dictated. Only 
a few of them will be mentioned in this place, on account of the part 
they played in the country's history. One of the principal of these 
was Kittanning, which was known to the French as Attique, situated 
Avhere the town of the same name now stands, and which figured con- 
spicuously in the French war prior to its destruction, in September, 1756. 
Another was Shannopinstown, located on the east bank of the Alle- 
gheny, about two miles above its confluence with the Monongahela. 
Celoron, in the journal of his expedition, to be referred to later, says it 
was the most beautiful place he saw on his journey. But it was of 
little or no historical importance, though it was the only one within 
the limits of the present city of Pittsburg. Eighteen or twenty miles 
further down, on the north side of the Ohio, stood Logstown, the most 
important of all the Indian towns, as will appear in the sequel. It was 
the point on the upper Ohio for trading and conferring with the whites. 
A mile below the mouth of the Beaver river was Sakunk, seldom men- 
tioned in pioneer annals; and about four miles below the present New 
Castle was situated Kiskakunk, a name variously spelled, which, though 
of considerable size, was rather a place of meeting for the Indians them- 
selves, than of importance to them in their relation to the whites. Be- 
sides these there were other villages, but so insignificant as not to be 
deserving of mention. 

The nomadic life of the Indians and the fact that there were cer- 
tain points at which they were accustomed to assemble from time to 
time, naturally led to the formation of paths or trails, which traversed 
the country in various directions. While forming means of easy com- 

A2 



10 oentf:nnial history 



iiiunication for the natives, they were hardly less advantageous to the 
early traders and adventurers; and they were particularly useful in 
pointing out the best routes for military and national roads, more es- 
pecially in the mountain districts. The most noted, and perhaps the 
most ancient of these was the Old Catawba or Cherokee trail, leading 
from the Carolinas through Virginia, Western Pennsylvaniaand West- 
ern New York to Canada. It was intersected by the Warrior Branch, 
which, coming up from Tennessee through Kentucky and Southern 
Ohio, entered Pennsylvania, and united with it somewhere in Fayette 
county. These were the only important trails that traversed the coun- 
try north and south. Of greater importance, both to the Indians and 
whites, were the numerous trails that lead east and west. The most 
noted of these was the Kittanning path, which, coming up the Juniata 
and crossing the mountains at Kittanning Point, passed westward to 
the Allegheny river at the village of the same name, and after crossing 
the river continued its course to Detroit. Another of importance was 
Nemacholin's path, opened by a friendly Delaware of that name for the 
trader Col. Michael Cresap, in 1751. Starting from the vicinity of 
< 'umberland, Maryland, it crossed the mountains to the forks of the 
Ohio, with a branch trom the top of the Chestnut Ridge to the mouth of 
Nemacholin's Creek, at the present Brownsville. But as Braddock 
adopted this path and robbed it of its Indian name, so did Dunlap give 
his name to the creek, and the red man is forgotten. A trail extended 
down the north bank of the Ohio to the mouth of the Beaver, and con- 
tinued on into Ohio; and another from Lo.stown north to Lake Erie 
and the Iroquois country. There were other trails of minor import- 
ance, but it is not nccessarj^ to speak of them. 

The better to understand the gradual development of the county 
from a forest wilderness to its present advanced condition, it will be 
necessary for us to go back to the time when the territory first came 
into the possession of the white man. Naturally enough errors were 
committed in the portioning out of the NewWorld among their favorites 
by the powers of Europe, who claimed it by the right of discovery. 
The ignorance of the geography of the recently discovered continent, 
the thirst for dominion, and the fabulous mineral wealth which was be- 
lieved to lie hid beneath the surface of the New World, were elements 
of confusion that can hardly be appreciated at their proper value at the 
present advanced state of civilization and knowledge. Add to this that 
the revival of learning was then only beginning to dawn, thanks to the 
invention of printing, and men were not as yet fully released from the 
influence of the strange notions that had long prevailed regarding what 
lay beyond the "Gloomy Ocean." Evidences of this are found in 
abundance in the early accounts of the newly discovered continents, 
and in the grotesque figures that adorn some of the earlier maps. 
While the thoughtless may smile at this display of ignorance, the phil- 
anthropist rejoice at the amelioration of man's condition, and the phil- 
osopher marks with pleasure the development of the human mind; the 
student of our history will discover in it a source both of pleasuie and 
perplexity: pleasure that some record, however imperfect, has come 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 11 



down to us, of the notions entertained by the early explorers; and per- 
plexity to solve the historical and geographical problems upon which, 
unfortunately, they shed so little light. What a variety in the early 
maps; what conflicts in the early claims! Yet we must address our- 
selves to the task of unravelling them as well as circumstances and the 
information obtainable will permit. 

As early as March, 1564, Queen Elizabeth granted to her favorite. 
Sir Walter Raleigh, a patent for a vast tract of countrj^ extending along 
the Atlantic seaboard of the New World, and back from it to an indefl_ 
nite distance; but whether it could be so construed as to include the 
territory now embraced in Allegheny county or not, it would be diffi- 
cult to determine, owing to the imperfect knowledge then had of the 
geography of this continent, and the consequent indefinite terms of the 
patent. Be that as it may, it is not a matter of importance, inasmuch 
as no permanent settlement was ever made under the patent, which 
soon lapsed, while he in whose favor it was granted, fell from the royal 
favor. Permanent possession dates from the charter granted by James 
I, May 23, 1609, to a company at the head of which appeared the name 
of the successful rival :ind inevitable enemy of Raleigh, Robert Cecil, 
Earl of Salisbury. That the territory now included within the limits 
of Allegheny county was embraced in the scope of that charter, there 
can be no question, for the territory granted to the company extended 
two hundred miles north and as many south of Old Point Comfort, 
"up into the land throughout from sea to sea, west and northw^est," as 
the charter expressed it. Thus was the claim of Virginia first estab- 
lished to the soil of southw^estern Pennsylvania. But owing to the 
still indefinite knowledge of America, the rapacity of adventurers, and 
the desire of crowned heads to please their favorites at little cost to 
themselves, it need not be a matter of surprise that charters were grant- 
ed which conflicted with each other, and that the same lands were be- 
stowed upon two or more persons or companies. A notable instance of 
this is the territory around the headwaters of the Ohio; for while, as we 
have seen, it was granted to Virginia in 1609, it was afterward included 
in the charter granted to William Penn by Charles IF, dated March 4, 
1681. By this instrument he was constituted sole proprietary of certain 
tracts of land which, in the terms of the charter, were to extend west- 
ward five degrees from the Delaware river, and to include all the 
torritory from the beginning of the fortieth to the beginning of the 
forty-third degree of north latitude. Whether it was the royal pleasure 
to take from Virginia part of her territory and bestow it upon Penn, or 
that the king was ignorant of the exact terms of the former charter, it 
matters little; both colonies claimed the territory of southwestern 
Pennsylvania in virtue of a grant from the crown, and a long and bit- 
ter contest arose which will form one of the most interesting chapters 
of this history. 

Although the English adv^'uturers did not push into the forest 
with the same intrepidity as the French, they were early in the field in 
the country west of the "Allegheny Hills," as the range of mountains 
was at first called. Col. Henry Ward, who lived at the falls of the 



J2 (CENTENNIAL HTSTOR^^ 



James river, sent one Mr. Needham, in 1654, on an exploring expedition; 
who, crossing tlie mountains, entered tlie valley of the Ohio, and in ten 
years' time is said to have discovered several of the tributaries, not only 
of the Ohio, but also of the Mississippi. Thomas Woods and Robert 
Pallam were commissioned by Major General Wood, of Virginia, *'for 
ye findeing of the ebbing and flowing of ye waters behinde the moun- 
tains in order to the discovery of the South Sea." These men, with an 
Appomatox Indian and one servant and five horses, started from the 
Appomatox town in Virginia on Friday, September 1, 1671, crossed the 
mountains and descended to what is known as the Falls of Kanawha, 
where they marked some trees with marking-irons on September 17th. 
They returned to the Appomatox town on Sunday morning, October 
1st. In 1674 Captain Botts made another tour through the same coun- 
try. As early as 1715 Father Marmet, of Kankaskia, wrote to the gov- 
ernor of Canada that "the encroaching English were building forts on 
the Ohio and Mississippi rivers," and, though this is incorrect, it shows 
the presence of the English in the vicinity at that time. Governor 
Spotswood, of Virginia, made an effort as early as 1711, to resist the 
French encroachments, by attempting to establish the line of Virginia 
settlements far enough to the west to interrupt the contemplated chain 
of communication between Canada and the Gulf of Mexico." In 1719 
Governor Keith urged upon the lords of trade the erection of a fort on 
Lake Erie. No settlement, however, had as yet been made in the ter- 
ritory embraced within the limits of Allegheny county, and little pre- 
cise knowledge was had of that section of country. But a short time 
before the middle of the last century greater activity began to be mani- 
fested; land companies were formed, and adventurers began to look 
wistfully to the country immediately west of the mountains. But the 
mountains themselves presented a barrier to the progress of settlement. 
Though not elevated, the land on their summit was not so well suited 
for agricultural purposes as that on the hills and in the valleys beyond; 
yet, vmless the consent of the Indians could first be obtained and torts 
erected for the protection of the pioneers against the inconstant sav- 
ages, it would be impossible to occupy the land, even granting that the 
formality of an extinction of the Indian claim had been effected, both 
on account of the rapacity of the whites and the reluctance with which 
the Indians saw their hunting grounds pass into the hands of the pale- 
faces. Companies might be formed and lands located, but no perma- 
nent settlement could be effected without protection. 

The savages naturally enough tolerated the traders, from the need 
they had of them, and they were not slow on their part in perceiving 
the profit they could derive from trade with the simple, unsophisticated 
natives. They were, in fact, an early and natural outgrowth of the 
eastern colonies, and they penetrated the wilderness far in advance of 
the foremost settlements. Though paying little heed to the laws of 
either God or man, they did not wholly forget their allegiance to the 
• nation that had fostered them, and they generally prepared the way for 
the more permanent settlers. The more adventurous of this class had 
already reached the lakes on the north and the Miami on the west. 



Ob' ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 13 



The gradual occupation of the country east of the mountains 
seemed to have brought the time for the settlement of the territory west 
of them, and a number of land companies were formed about this date, 
the most important of which was the Ohio Company, organized in 1748 
by Thomas Lee, President of the Virginia Assembly, Laurance and 
Arthur Washington, and ten other Virginians, who, with a Mr. Han- 
bury, of London, joined in a petition to tlie crown for the grant of an 
extensive tract of land in the Ohio valley. Their petition was favor- 
ably received, and they were granted Ave hundred thousand acres south 
of the Oliio, and between the Mouongahela and Great Kanawha, witli 
the further privilege of taking up lands also north of the Ohio. Tlie 
company was not required to pay any quit rent for ten years, but was 
to select two-thirds of its territory at once, and at its own cost construct 
and garrison a fort. This was the first, and it may be said, the only 
company to take up lands in southwestern Pennsylvania. 

Negotiations had already been commenced with the Indians for the 
two-fold purpose of preserving friendly relations and of obtaining per- 
mission to erect one or more forts on the Ohio for the protection of the 
traders and the pioneers who might settle there. They would also 
serve as a check to the threatened encroachments of the French, till 
permanent possession could be gradually taken of the country. Ulti- 
mate possession, however, was the object in view, and the Indians were 
not slow to perceive it, and complain and threaten. These threats and 
complaints were frequent; and as the colonies were still weak while the 
power of the Indians w^as not as yet broken, it was of the utmost im- 
portance to preserve friendly relations. A number of treaties were held 
which can only be briefly referred to in a sketch like the present. The 
principal treaty was that held at Lancaster, the preliminaries of which 
were arranged by Conrad Weiser, the colonial interpreter of Pennsyl- 
vania, and who afterwards met the delegates of the Six Nations with 
the commissioners of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia, June 22, 
1744. The conference lasted twelve days; did little credit to the com- 
missioners, who studied to keep the Indians constantly under the influ- 
ence of intoxicating drinks, and the result was that, while they gained 
their point, they gave occasion for just and bitter complaints for years 
to come. But the occupation of the Ohio valley was still the desired 
object, and on the strength of the peace concluded at Lancaster, nego- 
tiations were carried on both by Pennsylvania and Virginia looking 
to that end. 

The first person to meet the Indians on the Ohio as the representa- 
tive of the colony of Pennsylvania was Conrad Weiser, who was com- 
missioned by the president of the Executive Council, in August, 1748, 
to treat with the Indians at Logstown. He was made the bearer of 
valuable presents, which had been previously promised them, and was 
instructed to ascertain most carefully the number and feeling of the 
several tribes towards the English and French, and all such other in- 
formation as would be valuable to the colonial authorities. Having 
made all necessary preparations he set out, crossed the Susquehanna, 
passed up the Juniata, and followed tlie Kittanning path till he came 



14 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



near the Allegheny, when he turned southwest and came to that river 
some twenty miles above its confluence with the Monongahela. On 
the 27th he arrived at the terminus of his journey, where he immedi- 
ately set about the fulfillment of the task entrusted to him. His efforts 
were successful in strengthening the bonds of friendship between the 
tribes and the colon v, and winning the former from their leaning 
toward the French. He set out on his return September 20th, and made 
a report of what lie had accomplished. From that time communication 
with the Indians on the Ohio became frequent. 

The French were not all this time idle spectators of the actions of 
the English. Claiming by right of discovery all the lands drained by 
the Mississippi and its tributaries, they fixed the limits of their posses- 
sions at the summit of the Allegheny mountains, and prepared to make 
good their claim by the erection of a line of fortifications that should 
extend from the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Mississippi. It is 
not the intention in this place to discuss the claim made by some writ- 
ers in favor of La Salle's discovery of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers in 
the winter of 1669-70; it is highly improbable, and the best authorities 
reject it. The better to become acquainted with the geography of the 
country, drive out the English traders, secure the attachment of the 
Indians and prepare the way for the erection of the contemplated line 
of fortifications, the governor of Canada despatched Louis de Celoron, 
a captain of infantry, in the summer of 1749, with a detachment of sol- 
diers and friendly Indians to make an excursion down the Allegheny 
and Ohio. His mission, as he acknowledges in the journal which he 
kept, was but partially successful; everywhere he found a strong feeling 
in favor of the English, and he was on more than one occasion in dan- 
ger of being attacked, notwithstanding the strength of the attachment 
under his command. The first symptoms of the struggle between the 
French and the English now began to manifest themselves, but the 
treatment of this part of our subjecb will be reserv3d for a future 
chapter. 

George Croghan, with the interpreter Andrew Montour, was with 
the tribes at Logstown in December, 1749, where he learned that the 
French had been endeavoring, but without success, to win the natives 
to their cause. The Indians were at that time in favor of the English 
erecting a fort for the protection of their traders somewhere on the 
headwaters of the Ohio. Croghan was again with them as the bearer 
of presents from the Governor of Pennsylvania, in the early part of the 
following year. The half-breed Joncaire, the agent of the French, was 
there at the same time, but his overtures were contemptuously rejected 
by the Six Nations. But, though the Indians signified their desire to 
trade with the colonists, they gave it clearly to be understood that they 
were not disposed to part with their lands. 

;Mea8ures having for their object the settling of families south of 
the Ohio were now inaugurated by the Ohio Company; as a prelimi- 
nary to which they sent Christopher Gist, a noted adventurer to explore 
theountry. On the last day of October, 1750, he left the frontier of 
civilization, crossed the mountains by the Juniata and Kiskimiuetas 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



route, and came to Shauuopiustown; from which he proceeded to Logs- 
town. But it is remarkable that, in doing so, he passed down the north 
side of tlie Allegheny and Ohio rivers behind what is now known as 
Monument Hill, in Allegheny City, and thus remained ignorant of the 
existence of the Monongahela river, which forms its junction with the 
Allegheny at that point. From Logstown he passed southwest, and 
after spending the winter in his explorations, returned to the represen- 
tatives of the company in the early part of the following year. In the 
next November he was again on an exploring expedition, but this time 
south of the Ohio and between the Monongahela and the Great Ka- 
nawha, in what was properly the land granted to the company in whose 
employ he then was. 

In April, 1751, Croghan was once more at Logstown, where he ob- 
tained formal permission for the erection of a fort at or near the mouth 
of the Monongahela. This, from motives of economy, the Pennsyl- 
vania Assembly refused to undertake. In fact, each of the colonies 
sought to evade the burden of securing the valley of the Ohio, though 
all recognized the imperative necessity of doing so. The initiative at 
length devolved upon Virginia, whose charter claims placed the forks, 
which was the key to the Ohio valley, within her jurisdiction. 

In the meantime the French were steadily pushing their claims, and 
the dexterity with which they were generally able to manage the In- 
dians, as well as the important fact that they did not want to occupy the 
land, but only to hold dominion over it and monopolize the trade, 
enabled them to m in the natives and do much toward turning them 
against the English, whom they never really loved, but whom they 
found it advantageous to trade with. The spring of 1753 saw the French 
busily engaged in carrying out their purpose of erecting a chain of forts 
through the West. Those at Presqu' Isle and Le Boeuf, in northwest- 
ern Pennsylvania, were built in the early part of the sunnner of this 
year. But before entering upon the important history of the struggle 
between the French and English for the possession of the rich valley of 
the Ohio, and the key to it, the site of the present City of Pittsburg, a 
hasty glance will l)e taken at the progress thus far made in planting set- 
tlements west of the mountains. Prior to the occupation of the forks by 
the French, the territory west of the Alleghenies had become familiar 
to the colonists, thanks to the land-grabbers, traders and other adven- 
turers, and a small number of frontier cabins sent their curling smoke 
towards the sky through the forest trees. Celoron informs us in the 
journal of his expedition, that he found an English trading house on the 
Allegheny some distance above the mouth of Oil Creek, and that of 
John Eraser, the gunsmith, at the mouth of French Creek. There were 
also several cabins in the vicinity of the forks, one standing at the pres- 
ent Sharpsburg, another at Emsworth, below Allegheny City, one in 
the neighborliood of Sewickley, besides others. The most important 
settlement, however, was that of Christopher Gist at the spot on the 
Chestnut Ridge now known as Dunbar's Camp, which consisted of 
about a dozen families. Such was the condition of the country em- 



16 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



braced within the original limits of Allegheny county at the commence- 
ment of the French war, a contest of vast importance not only to the 
colonies but to the world. 



CHAPTER II. 



CONTEST FOR THE POSSESSION OF THE OHIO VALLEY. 



War Clouds Appearing -French and English Claims — The Scene of Conflict Centering at the 
Forks of the Ohio— Threatening Attitude of the French— Washington Virginia's Messenger to 
the French — A Fort Undertaken at the Forks — Operations of the French — The Contest Begun 
—Washington as Leader— The First Battle— A Sad Fourth of July— Diplomacy in the Old 
World — General Braddock on the Scene — Who Commanded at Fort Duquesne? — The Battle of 
the Monongahela and Death of Braddock — The Frontier Unprotected — Destruction of Kittan- 
ning — Forbes in Command — Conciliating the Indians — Fall of Fort Duquesne. 

The rising mists of war alluded to at the close of the last chapter 
soon became threatening clouds which grew more dark at every mo- 
ment. It is not the intention to enter into any lengthy account of the 
complications of European politics, or the circumstances that led to a 
declaration of war between France and England, so disastrous to the 
former in the loss of her possessions on this side of the waters, and 
scarcely less so for the latter in schooling her colonies to the art of war, 
removing by the destruction of the French power the only check she 
had on their dependence, and training a leader for them whose name is 
written on the brightest page of the world's history, the illustrious 
Washington. 

By the treaty of Utrecht, signed April 11, 1713, England acquired 
large tracts of territory from the French in America; but by far the most 
important of these was that lying south of I^ake Ontario, upon which 
^the Six Nations lived, which also included a recognition of that famous 
confederation as English subjects. This grant not only curtailed the ter- 
ritory of the French, but also cut off' all hope of a direct line of commu- 
nication \vith the valley of the Mississippi, and left the route by way of 
the lakes open to attack. This concession made the English heirs of the 
Iroquois conquests in the West, an advantage of the first importance. 
As yet, however, the English seemed indifferent to the possession of the 
interior. Their charters of the seaboard colonies granted the territory 
"from sea to sea," but separate in organization, and jealous of each 
other, as well as of the crown, their policy was narrowed and their 
strength lessened. Living by agriculture and trade, their expansion, 
though certain, was necessarily slow. A powerful incentive for the ac- 
quisition of territory for settlement in the present was thus lacking dur- 
ing the early period of English colonial history; and for more than a 
century their western boundary was the mountains. The French, on 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 17 



the contrary, were greedy of dominion, but not for purposes of settle- 
ment. Both nations eyed each other with jealousy as they gazed on the 
wide expanse of country between the Alleghenies and the great river of 
the West. The treaty of Utrecht had effected no permanent peace be- 
tween the two nations, but only a truce \Yhich each was profiting by to 
prepare for whatever further developments the future might have in 
store. The treaty of Aix-la-ChapelleYconcluded October, 1748, as far as 
it referred to America, left the possessions of the respective powers **the 
sam e as before the w ar.^' This was but another evasion of the point at 
issue, which sooner or later must demand adjudication, and a peaceful 
settlement was plainly out of question. 

It is difficult to describe accurately the geographical scope of the 
early French and English claims in America. Generally stated the for- 
mer included the entire basin of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi 
with the extensive region around the great lakes. But the details of this 
broad claim were as ill-defined in the minds of the claimants themselves 
as they were in those of the English. In Western Pennsylvania the 
Allegheny mountains formed a natural boundary which was fixed upon 
by the French as the western limits of their rival in that section. The 
terms of the several charters were more or less vague, as has been stated, 
and while the colonies were united in disputing the pretensions of the 
French, they had disputes, sometimes very bitter, among themselves. 
Indeed might was the only recognized basis of right everywhere in the 
New World; and each nation was eager to anticipate the other in estal> 
lishing its power within the coveted limits before debating the question of 
right. Many circumstances united in transferring the inevitable strug- 
gle for the mastery in the West to the forks of the Ohio; and there it is 
that we shall briefly review the operations of the two nations. 

Taking up the history of this section of country at the point where 
it was dropped at the close of the last chapter, it will be seen that at the 
beginning of 1754, a few pioneers had reared their cabins' west of the 
mountains, and principally along the course of the rivers, which gave 
evidence of awakening activity in extending the border settlements. 
Negotiations were also being actively carried on with the natives with 
the odds apparently in favor of the English. Permission had been ob- 
tained to erect a fort at the headwaters of the Ohio; a matter of the first 
importance. But the agents of the French were also on the scene, and 
to their superior tack in managing the Indians, they added an argument 
which the conduct of their rivals only tended to confirm, that the Eng- 
lish were after the hunting grounds of the Indians, and were determined 
to force the natives back little by little as they had done east of the 
mountains. Add to this that the French had already built two forts in 
the northwestern part of Pennsylvania, with a view of connecting Lake 
Erie with the Allegheny by means of Le Boeuf river, or French Oeek, 
as it has since been called; and that they were negotiating with the In- 
dians for the site of another fort at the mouth of French Creek, thus aim- 
ing at securing communication by water from the mouth of the St. 
Lawrence and that of the Mississippi, as well as from the lakes, with 
the coveted strategic point, the forks of the Ohio, and it will be seen 



18 CENTTNNIAL HISTORY 



that their prospects were about as favorable as those of the EngUsh, 
Quietly they were preparing a fleet of bateaux and canoes to carry their 
forces down the Beautiful River, and with a favorable stage of water, 
such as was naturally to be expected in the spring, they could reach 
the forks in less than two days, the distance being only a hundred and 
twenty-four miles, and before word of their approach could be sent 
across the mountains. Once in possession it would be difficult, if not 
impossible, to dslodge them; for before troods could be brought from 
the east of the mountains, over which a road would have to be opened 
for their passage, a strong fortitication could be built at the forks, forces 
could be concentrated from Detroit and the Illinois country, as well as 
from the forts in the North, and in the meantime the enemy could be 
harrassed on the march. 

The colonies were not insensible to the dangers to which they were 
exposed, but appathy and a lack of harmony prevented concerted action. 
In Pennsylvania a chronic struggle existed between the proprietaries and 
the Assembly, in which the object seemed to be, first beat the governor 
and then fight the French. At length Virginia took the initiative. She 
claimed the country as contained in the terms of her charter, and Gov- 
ernor Dinwiddle, acting on instructions received from the mother coun- 
try, prepared to examine into the movements and purposes of the 
enemy. For this purpose he sent Major George Washington with in- 
structions to proceed to the French posts on the north, and present let- 
ters demanding an explanation of the intentions of the French in en- 
croaching on territory which he claimed as belonging to the Old 
Dominion. Having received his instructions on the 30th of October, 
1753, Washington set out for Logstown. Coming to the settlemens of 
Christopher Gist he took that fearless pioneer with him, and came to the 
forks, which he carefully examined and thought l)etter fitted for a fort 
than the place two miles further down on the south side of the Ohio, 
which the Indians had recommended to the Ohio Company. He arrived 
at Logstown on the 23d of November, but it was not until the 30th that 
he was able to persuade a small number of Indians to accompany him 
to the French i)ost. The party arrived at Venango, at the mouth of 
French Creek, December 4th, where, after wine had been drunk freely, 
the French began to boast of their determination and ability to take 
possession of the forks in the spring. Making carefid notes of what he 
heard and saw, Washington set out for Fort le Boeuf, where he should 
meet the commander of the French and deliver his message. But he en- 
countered no little difliculty in keeping the Indians sol>er and prevent- 
ing the wily Joncaire from influencing them in favor of the French. 
Arriving at La Boeuf he remained until the 23d of December before he 
succeeded in transacting the business entrusted to him. But he was not 
idle; he carefully noted all he heard and saw, and, in doing so came to 
the conclusion tliat, unless the colonies were very active, the French 
would l)e able without much difficulty to carry out tlieir threats of tak- 
ing the Oliio valley. Witli no little difficulty he got his party on the 
road to return, and arrived at the forks on the 20th. Continuing his 
journey he reached Williamsburg on the 16th of January, 1854. Al- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 19 

though conscious of the danger that threatened them, the colonies were 
not disposed to take active means to prevent it, and the matter was left 
entirely in the hands of Virginia. The governor appointed Captain 
William Trent to lead out a detachment of soldiers and workmen to 
erect a fort with all haste at the forks. Washington met, on his return, 
the vanguard of these forces, consisting of a train of paekhorses with 
materials for the fort, but it was doubtful whether it would arrive in 
time to throw up a fortification, as the movements of the enemy de- 
pended on the opening of the river, which might take place at any time. 
Trent reached the forks on the 17th of February, 1754, a niemorial)le 
day, as it marks the date of the first permanent occupation by the whites 
of the spot upon which the City of Pittsburg now stands. Work was 
immediately commenced on a fort at the confluence of the two rivers, 
but the small number of men engaged, together with the severity of the 
season, retarded its progress, and the spring opened to find it only par- 
tially comi^leted, and with no garrison to make a successful defense 
against such a force as that which the French had at their command. 

The French had been active on the upper waters of the Allegheny 
during the winter. Finding the Indians too much opposed to the erec- 
tion of a fort at the mouth of French Creek, in the autumn of 1753, the 
greater part of the soldiers were sent back to pass the winter in Canada, 
leaving the two forts already built garrisoned by a small force, while 
the shrewd Joncaire was left with the Indians at the village of Gana- 
gara'hare, where the town of Franklin now stands, lospend the winter, 
and, if possible, obtain the consent of the natives for the erection of a 
fort at that place. His efforts were successful; the fortification was 
undertaken without opposition early in the spring, and was pushed 
forward with so much energy that it was completed before the middle 
of April. The object of these forts was not so much to form centers of 
aggressive or defensive warfare, as depots for the stores landed from the 
lake for transportation to the lower waters of the Allegheny, where the 
seat of war was soon to be located; and for that reason they were not 
remarkable for either strength or engineering skill. Their occupants, 
with the exception of a small garrison, were generally workingmen; 
but this was especially true of Le Boeuf, at the head of canoe naviga- 
tion on French Creek, wh» re the canoes and bateaux were prepared for 
the transportation of tioops, provisions and munition of war down 
the river. 

With the opening of spring the French marshalled their forces to 
the number of about one thousand, consisting of French, Canadians, 
and friendly Indians of various tiibes, with eighteen pieces of cannon, 
under command of Captain Conlrecoeur; and embarking in a flotilla of 
about sixty bateaux and three hundred canoes, descended the Alle- 
gheny. Arriving at the forks in the evening of April 16th, they sum- 
naonded Ensign Edward Ward, who commanded the little Colonial force 
in the absence of Trent, to an immediate surrender; who, having only 
thirty-three men with him, was reluctantly compelled to obey. The 
17th has frequently been given as the date of the surrender, but this is 
au error, as is proven by the summons itself, which is dated on the 16th. 



20 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



It is said that Coiitrecoeur invited Ward to tea that evening, but we 
may well believe that the scenes which immediately preceded did not 
tend to improve his appetite, whether he accepted the invitation or 
not. On the morning of the 17th, the Colonial troops were permitted to 
retire; and they went up the Monongahela to the mouth of Redstone 
Creek, the site of the present Brownsville, where the Ohio Company 
had a trading post. 

The die was now cast, and the two nations were actually at war, 
although it had not been formally declared. The French followed up 
with alacrity the advantages they had gained. The fort begun by the 
English was completed early in June, and named Duquesne in honor 
of the governor of Canada. Troops from the Illinois country were has- 
tily brought up the Ohio to increase its garrison; envoys were sent 
among the neighboring Indian tribes to inform them of the French 
triumph, and win them back to the French cause; and a close watch 
was kept on tlie movements of the Colonial forces. 

Washington was at Will's Creek, pushing forward the preparations 
to reinforce the frontier fort, when the news of its capture was brought 
to him. Scouts continued to bring in further information of the enemy's 
movements, but the tedious preparations for the march were not allowed 
to slacken. The line of Washington's march lay over a broken moun- 
tainous country, leading to the north of Redstone Creek, and thenoe 
through the country to the mouth of the Monongahela. Roads had to 
be cut for the artillery and provision trains, and progress was made at 
the slow rate of from two to four miles a day. On May 27th, the Colonial 
troops had reached a place known as the Great Meadows, when the 
scouts brought in word that the French were in the vicinity. Washing- 
ton, fearing a surprise, started out the following morning to ascertain 
the strength of the enemy, when an engagement took place, in which 
the French lost their commander, M. de Jumonville, and nine men; 
the Americans losing but one. This was the first act of open hostility 
between the regularly arrayed forces of the two nations in the valley of 
the Ohio, and it was held by the French as the commencement of the 
war. The march of the Colonial forces was continued without further 
incident until the latter part of June, when the report came that the 
enemy were approaching in full force. A council of war was held and 
it was resolved to retreat to a more defencible point. The Great 
Meadows were reached on the 1st of July, and here the exhausted con- 
dition of the provincials determined Washington to take a stand. Pro- 
titing by the natural advantages of the place he hastily threw up a 
fortification, to which, owing to the circumstances, he gave the name 
of Fort Necessity. The enemy approached on the 3d, and opened the 
attack. For nine hours an ineffectual resistance was made against over- 
whelming odds, when a capitulation was agreed to; the provincials be- 
ing permitted to retire with everything save the artillery, only one 
piece of which they were permitted to take with them. This action was 
one of the causes assigned by King George II. for the declaration of 
war; but lor Washington it M'as, perhaps, the most humiliating scene in 
his entire career. How difterently he celebrated the Fourth of July 



O^ ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 21 



forty years later ! But reverses serve better than successes to bring out 
what is in a man. 

With tliis victory the whole frontier became exposed to inroads; 
the Indians, who till then had faltered, were won over to the French; 
the settlements were in the utmost consternation; and a series of mur- 
derous incursions begun and continued for four years, checked but for 
a brief interval by the march of General Braddock, only to burst forth 
with renewed violence after his disastrous defeat. The settlements be- 
gun west of the mountains had to be abandoned, the massacre of the 
pioneers begun, the smoldering ruins of their cabins and the large num- 
ber of prisoners taken, some to be tortured with the utmost refinement 
of savage cruelty, others to live in degradation worse than slavery till 
rescued by a Bouquet or till death relieved them, tell the tale of the re- 
lentless fury of the natives. How far the French are to be held re- 
sponsible for the blood that was shed and the barbarities inflicted it were 
hard to determine; but the scenes described by such prisoners as James 
Smith seem to attach a certain measure of blame to them. The colonists 
were powerless to dislodge the French from their stronghold at the forks, 
or to hold them in check on the frontier so long as they held it; and the 
season was now too far advanced to expect assistance from the mother 
country. Besides, England and France, though both were actively i^re- 
paring for war, still professed to be at peace. Thus matters stood at the 
close of this disastrous year, only to be followed, could the future haA^e 
been penetrated, by another yet more disastrous. Negotiations contin- 
ued between the two nations in Euroj)e, but amounted to simply noth- 
ing, and need not occupy our attention here. Suffice it to say that the 
insincerity of their mutually expressed desire for the preservation of 
peace is seen in the fact, that, though no conclusion was arrived at be- 
tween them till the latter j)art of March, 1755, yet in February of that 
year General Edward Braddock, commander-in-chief of the English 
armies in North America, had landed in Virginia in command of a strong- 
force, with additional authority to compel the colonists in the name of 
the crown to join the expedition for the reduction of the French posts 
on the frontier. French fleets, too, with munitions and men, were on 
the ocean, crowding every sail to come to the rescue. Braddock planned 
a three-fold campaign: against Nova Scotia, Crown Point and Niagara; 
the latter by way of Fort Duquesne. He did not, indeed, meditate the 
conquest of Canada, but was only resisting encroachments of the 
enemy on English territory. The scope of the present history does 
not include an account of these several expeditions; we are concerned 
only with what transpired in Western Pennsylvania. 

(general Braddock was everywhere beset with difficulties that re- 
tarded his progress, ruffiedhis by no means placid temper, and increased 
his contempt for everything Colonial, which he made no effi^rt to con- 
ceal. This antipathy was not without its effects on the provincial 
troops, who, besides being trained to Indian warfare, thought it the 
best, and felt that a leader trained according to other methods must 
find himself at sea among the redskins. This ignorance of Braddock, 
coupled with his peculiar disposition, led him into numerous blunders, 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



none of which escaped the attention of the self-reliant frontiersmen; 
and while they had to bear with him they did so with a bad grace. In 
thne the general began to feel keenly the eflfect of his constant dispar- 
agement of the provincial officers and militia; but he made no effort to 
correct his mistake, and it is much to the credit of the Colonial officers 
and men that they did not utterly abandon a leader who was so little 
able to conceal the contempt in which he held them. To exasperate 
them still more, he had orders from England that all officers, of what- 
ever rank, bearing royal commissions, should take precedence of those 
holding commissions under the provincial governments. Such arbi- 
trary folly so exasperated even Washington, whose self posession never 
forsook him, that he threw up his commission, but without abandoning 
the expedition. While no one at all acquainted with the character of 
General Braddock has ever doubted his bravery, all agree that a worse 
choice could hardly have been made of a leader. 

Among the forces under the immediate command of the general, 
were two regiments commanded respectively by Sir Peter Halket and 
Col. Thomas Dunbar, which were attended by a suitable train of artil- 
lery. The landing in Virginia instead of Pennsylvania was the first of 
a series of blunders of the commander, ah neither adequate forage, pro- 
vision nor transportation could be readily procured; and it is said that 
if the latter province had been selected as the point of debarkaticm a 
saving of forty thousand pounds would have been etfected, and the 
march shortened by six weeks. And it is well known that when the 
army was detained at Will's Creek, for lack of means of transportation, 
the general was only relieved by resources drawn from Pennsylvania. 

Braddock established his headquarters at Alexandria, and spent the 
time from February 20th to the middle of April in elaborating his 
plans, and preparing his forces to move to the rendezvous at Will's 
Creek. The army reached that point after a tedious march of four 
weeks, and there received such forces from New York and Virginia as 
raised the number in the command to two thousand men Here it was 
that he encountered the most exasperating difficulties. Instead of the 
one hundred and fifty wagons and three hundred horses promised him, 
with ample supplies of forage and provision, he found only fifteen 
wagons, hardly a third of the horses expected, and a scanty supply of 
daniaged provisions. It was only by the tact and address of Dr. 
Franklin, who bringing his influence to bear upon the farmers east of 
the mountains, secured the necessary means of transportation, that 
the general was finally rescued from his embarrassing position. 

Another, and if possible a greater mistake of the General, was his 
contempt for the enemy he was sent to conquer. While space cannot 
be given for a full account of this important expedition, it is necessary 
to know the leader of it, if we want to arrive at a correct estimate of the 
causes that led to its failure. But it is cheering to notice the superiority 
of Washington's judgment; and had his advice been followed, the re- 
sult of the expedition would have been far difterent. Accustomed to 
the ways of the backwoods, he advised a rapid march by such trails as 
could be made practicable for an army with a pack train; but Braddock, 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 23 

unable or unwilling to accommodate himself to circumstances, deter- 
mined to proceed upon the plan to which his European campaigns had 
accustomed him. Five hundred men were sent forward to Little 
Meadows to open a wagon road, and store provisions, following closely 
Nemacholin's path; Sir Peter Halket followed with the first division 
of the army; but some delays intervened before the general was in mo- 
tion with the second. The balance of the army under Col. Dunbar, 
was left behind to follow by slower marches. 

The army moved slowly, and it was not until the 30th of June that 
it forded the Youghiogheny at Stewart's Crossing, about half a mile be- 
low the present Connellsville. Here a council of war was held to deter- 
mine upon future movements. It was resolved not to await the arrival of 
Dunbar, but to push forward with the forces composing the first de_ 
tachments. The route of the army led to the head waters of Turtle 
Creek and down that stream to near its mouth, when, with a view of 
escaping the hills, a detour was made, and the army came to the Mo- 
uongahela a little below the mouth of the Youghiogheny. They reached 
this point on the morning of the 9th of July. The river was crossed, 
and the army moved down the west side to opposite the mouth of Turtle 
Creek, about three miles, where the second fording was to be made. 
The general, not doubting that French spies were watching his move- 
ments, made this fording in such a manner as to display his command 
to the best advantage, and Washington declared in after years that it 
was the grandest spectacle he had ever witnessed. It was about noon, 
and the last of the forces reached the eastern bank of the river before 
one o'clock. The soldiers were in the best of spirits, and the playing 
of the July sun upon their polished weapons seemed but a reflection of 
the cheerfulness and hope that animated them. Only ten miles more 
and victory, with rest arid the spoils, were theirs. But there is many a 
slip 'twixt the cup and the lip. 

The French had kept themselves accurately informed of the move- 
ments of the English; but what to do under the circumstances was a 
question^to which no satisfactory answer was forthcoming. And here 
an important question arises with regard to who was in command at 
Fort Duqusne at that time. Some authorities affirm that it was Contre- 
coeur, who built .the fort, others that it was Beaujeu. But the register 
of baptisms and interments kept at the fort settles tnis question. There 
the interment of "M. Lionel Daniel, Esquire, Sieur de Beaujeu, Cap- 
tain of Infantry, Commander of Fort Duquesue and of the army, aged 
about forty-five years," is found under date of July 9th, who **was 
killed in the battle fought with the English." The conflicting state- 
ments may perhaps be reconciled in one of two ways: Either Beaujeu 
had not yet assumed command, as he had arrived but a very short 
time before, and then he is spoken of as commander by anticipation, 
as one who held the commission but had not yet entered upon the ex- 
ercise of the duties of his office; or else he was actually in command, 
but being now dead, Contrecoeur could, without fear of contradiction, 
take the credit of the victory to himself and claim recognition from the 
home government for his eminent services. Persons at all acquainted 



24 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



with the conduct of affairs in the New World will see nothing improb- 
able in conduct such as this. The reader is at Uberty to choose for him- 
self which of these theories he prefers to accept; but whatever may be 
said of the conmiander at the time of the battle, it is certain that Con- 
trecoeur resumed command from that time. M. Dumas was the first 
subordinate officer under Beaujeu at the battle, and for his gallant con- 
duct he was promoted to succeed Contrecoeur in command of the fort 
and the army, some time before the middle of the following September. 
But we are anticipating. 

For the French to abandon the fort without a struggle was to aban- 
don the valley of the Ohio without hope of recovering it, yet the prob- 
abilities were against them; and the Indians were beginning to waver 
in their allegiance, and could not be relied on. Under the circum- 
stances it appeared rash in the extreme to attack the trained armies of 
Great Britain with the handful of men at the fort. Beaujeu with diffi- 
culty prevailed on the Indians to join him; two days were spent in 
preparations ; and it was not until the morning of the 9th that he, at 
the head of about two hundred and fifty French and Canadians and 
some six hundred Indians, set out to meet the enemy. They had been 
so long delayed that the English were crossing the river the second time, 
as they reached two ravines on the side of the hill that sloped toward 
the stream. Abandoning the idea of contesting the passage, Beaujeu 
disposed of his command in these ravines where the men were entirely 
concealed from view. The place was admirably adapted to an ambus- 
cade. Down the inclined surface which the English were ascending 
the ravines extended, beginning near each other at about one hundred 
and fifty yards from the foot of the hill, and diverging as they neared 
the valley below. In these the French and Indians were concealed and 
protected, they being eight or ten feet deep, and sufficiently large. The 
signal of attack was the approach of the English to the place of con- 
cealment. The onslaught was made on the front, but was repelled by 
so heavy a return that the Indians wavered, and the French connnan- 
der in rallying them was killed at the first fire. Dumas then assumed 
command, and fought in the front while the Indians attacked the 
enemy on the flank. The vanguard was thrown back upon the main 
body of the army, and the soldiers were panic stricken, contending 
against an enemj^ they could nowhere see. The combat continued for 
two hours; the regulars terrified at the findish war-whoop of the Indians, 
and dispirited with a style of warfare the like of which they had never 
imagined, gathered together in a body and fired at random. The 
officers did all in their power, but were a ready mark for the unerring- 
aim of the Indians, and out of eighty-six, twenty-six were killed, 
among whom was Sir Peter Halket, and thirty-seven wounded, includ- 
ing Gage and the field officers. The Virginia troops showed great valor, 
and of three companies scarcely thirty men were left. The regulars hav- 
ing wasted their ammunition, })roke and ran, leaving the artillery, pro- 
visions, baggage, and even the General's private papers a prey to the 
enemy. All attempts to rally them were vain. Seven hundred and 
fourteen privates were killed or wounded, together with the army chai> 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 25 



lain, who was among the latter; while of the French and Indians only 
three officers and thirty men fell, and but as many were wounded. After 
having five horses shot under him, and unharmed tempting fate by his 
heroic valor, a ball entered his side, and Braddock was borne from the 
field inortally wounded. With the remnant of his Skrmy he was carried 
across tlie river, and the flight to Dunbar's camp on the Chestnut ridge 
was continued with all possible speed. On the 11th they reached the 
camp, which the news of the disaster had converted into a scene of con- 
fusion. On the following day the remaining artillery, stores and heavy 
baggage were destroyed, and the retreat began — Dunbar, who assumed 
command, having determined to retire to Philadelj)hia for the winter. 
Braddock died on the 13tli and was buried not far from the Great Mead- 
ows, where his grave may still be seen. 

The French did not pursue the retreating army across the river; the 
plunder of the battle-field and the scalps proved too great an attraction 
for their savage allies, and, with the exception of a visit to Dunbar's 
camp, they made no immediate eflfbrt to reap the full advantages of the 
victory. 

The effect of Braddock's defeat was widespread and disastrous to 
the colonies of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and nothing could exceed 
the terror with which the news filled the frontier, and reached even to 
Philadelphia, wh^re some too sanguine persons were actually engaged 
in collecting money to celebrate the victory they felt confident would 
soon be gained over the French. But where victory had been expected 
consternation alone appeared, and the tomahawk and scalping knife 
were already seen In imagination to glitter at every cabin door. From 
that day there was no security for human life west of the Susquehanna. 
All that was ferocious in the breasts of the savages was roused to new 
life; the Canadians, not a few of whom were only a little less cruel, were 
ready to join them in the general devastation, and even the French sol- 
<liers felt a fresh impulse added to the race and national hatred with 
wliich they had for centuries regarded the English. 

Whence was relief to be expected? All the forces of the colonies, 
supposing that harmony reigned between their respective governors and 
assemblies, would not be sufficient to check the elated victors, and as- 
sistance could not be expected from the mother country before the mid- 
dle of another year. Besides, England had sufficient to engage her at- 
tention at home. In May, 1756, George II. declared war against France, 
and both as a protection of the colonies and as a means of dividing the 
forces of the enemy, he planned an American campaign. But its man- 
agement was a pitiable manifestation of military incompetence. The 
commander-in-chief, the Earl of Loudon, did not reach America before 
the latter part of July. The one single ray of hope shed on the frontier 
emanated from the colonial militia. 

The path of the hostile Indians led from a rendezvous on the Alle- 
gheny, as well as from Fort Duquesne; and it was felt that no security 
could be expected till this base of supplies was destroyed. This was 
Kittunning, an important Indian town on the east bank of the Alle- 
gheny, forty-five miles above Fort Duquesne, where the town of the 



20 CENTENNIAL HT8TORY 



same name now stands. Lying on tlie path from the east to the west, 
it was of great importance to the natives, and being on the route of the 
Frencli from the lakes to the fort, it was no less so for them. It was 
known to the latter as Attique, and is mentioned in Celoron's journal as 
a considerable town. Col. John Armstrong, who commanded the 
colonials garrisoning the forts in the Juniata valley, determined to 
strike a blow at this center, and the more so as it was the home of the 
noted Delaware chief, Captain Jacobs, one of the most ferocious of the 
savage leaders. Hopes were also entertained of rescuing a large num- 
ber of prisoners detained there. All necessary preparations having 
been made, Col. Armstrong set out for Fort Shh'ly, a frontier post sit- 
uated on Aughwick Creek, a short distance southeast of the present 
JIuntingdon, on the 30th of August, 1758, with a force of about three 
hundred men. The route of the expedition led up the Juniata, and west 
by the well-known trail to the town. A march of four days brought 
the little army unobserved to the immediate vicinity of the place, when 
they discovered a party of savages stopping for the night on the path. 
Turning aside they were enabled to come, without further difficulty, to 
the river. We cannot pause to enter into the details of this important 
engagement; suffice it to say that the town was destroyed, with its vast 
stores of ammunition. Captain Jacobs was killed — though this is denied 
by some authorities — a large number of prisoners were rescued, and the 
enemy was frustrated in the execution of a well-planned attack on the 
frontier forts, especially Fort Shirly, which was to have been under- 
taken the next day. Col. Armstrong received a slight wound, but was 
able to lead off his forces with the most gratifying success. 

Altogether it must be regarded as the most successful expedition 
ever led against the enemy, and well did Col. Armstrong deserve to 
have the county in which it took place named after him, that future 
generations might revere his mengiory. In the account of the affair, 
which the officer at Fort Duquesne despatched the next day to Canada, 
the credit of commanding the colonial troops is given to ''Le General 
Wachinton," whose name was already a tower of strength in the back- 
woods. 

The results of this skillfully planned and admirably executed attack 
were not of lasting importance; for, though it broke up the greatest In- 
dian stronghold in Western Pennsylvania, it counted for little in the 
struggle between the two most powerful nations of Europe for the pos- 
session of the valley of the Ohio. Its effects were only temporary, and 
could not be followed up. The blow sustained by the savages gave the 
frontier only a moment's repose. The English forces in North America 
were at that time under the command of an incompetent general, and 
as a consequence, the year 1757 but added to the disasters which had at- 
tended the British army since the opening of the war. In the valley 
of the Ohio the French and Indians had it all their own way, for the 
territory of Western Pennsylvania received comparativady little atten- 
tion, the efforts of the commander-in-chief being directed toward the 
French posts on the head of Lake ('hamplain. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 21 



At the end of the year the cause of the enemy seemed everywhere 
triumphant, and had it not been that hopes were revived by the restor- 
ation of Pitt to tlie Britisli ministry, the situation of the colonies would 
have been truly deplorable. But with the opening of the spring of 1758, 
the presence of that eminent statesman began to be felt in the councils 
of the British, and signs of healthy activity commenced to show them- 
selves in America. Loudon was recalled, and Abercrombie, seconded 
by Lord Howe, succeeded him; and while Amherst and Wolfe were 
sent to join the fleet in the northeast, and the commander directed his 
movements against Ticonderoga and Crown Point, General John 
Forbes was placed in command of the army that was to operate west of 
the mountains. With his campaign only are we concerned here, and 
considerable space must be given to its details, for with it ended the as- 
cendency of the French, not only in the Ohio valley, but also in the 
whole of North America. 

After considerable delay Forbes saw twelve hundred and fifty 
Scotch Highlanders arrive from South Carolina, who were joined by 
three hundred and fiftj^ Royal Americans. Pennsylvania raised twentj^- 
seven hundred men, and Virginia nineteen hundred. Yet vast as were 
the preparations, Forbes would never have reached the Ohio but for 
Washington. "The Virginia chief, who was at first stationed at Fort 
Cumberland, clothed a part of his forces in the hunting shirt and blan- 
ket, which least impeded the progress of the soldiers through the for- 
ests; and he entreated that the army might advance promptly along 
Braddock's road. But the expedition was not merely a military enter- 
prise; it was also the march of civilization towards the West, and was 
made memorable by the construction of a better avenue to the Ohio. 
This required long continued labor. September had come before 
Forbes, whose life was slowly ebbing, was borne on a litter as far as 
Raystown. But he preserved a clear head and a fine will, or, as he him- 
self expressed it, was actuated by the spirit of William Pitt; and he de- 
cided to keep up the direct communication with Philadelphia as essen- 
tial to present success and future security." — Bancroft. 

The influence of the Quakers, as well as the success of the campaign 
against Kittanning, induced tlie Indians east of the mountains to con- 
fer with the whites at Easton in November, 1756, the contracting par- 
ties being Governor Denny on the part of the whites, and Tedyuscung, 
the noted Delaware chief, on the part of the red men, each party being 
attended by a considerable retinue. The chief spoke with no little bold- 
ness of the manner in which the aborigines had been deprived of their 
lands. But after conferring nine days the various points in dispute 
were amicably adjusted, and they parted on terms of friendship. 
Another council was held in July of the following year. These confer- 
ences did not include the Indians on the headwaters of the Ohio, whom 
it was desired to withdraw from their attachment to the French, the 
better to succeed in overcoming that people. Tedyuscung promised, 
liowever, to use his influence in trying to win them to the English, but 
he did not succeed. But \vhen Forbes was about to march, the provin- 
cial authorities determined to make one more effort to alienate the 



^8 (CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



vveHtern Indians from the Eivneli. Accordingly, Christian Frederic 
Post, a Moravian missionary, who was held in high esteem by the In- 
dians in the East, was sent out in July. Accompanied by a small num- 
ber of Indians, he proceeded by way of the west branch of the Susque- 
hanna, and Venango, to Kiskakunk, on the Beaver river, about four 
miles below the present New Castle. He was well received, though the 
Indians refused to hear of Tedyuscung or the Easton treaty. During 
the week that he remained he made a favorable impression, but just 
then a French officer arrived with a delegation of Indians from Fort 
Duquesne, which caused the Indians to waver. An effort was also 
made to bring him near the fort with a view of capturing him, but he 
escaped through the influence of his friends. After securing a promise 
from the natives to Join the eastern Indians in a treaty of peace, he set 
out on his return September 8th, and reached his home some tsvo weeks 
later. A severe blow was thus struck at the confidence of the Indians 
in the ultimate success of the French, which was soon to be deeply f^ It 
by the latter, 

A grand council was accordingly held at Easton in the fall of the 
same year for the settlement of the whole question of Indian griev- 
ances, in which all points were amicably adjusted, though not without 
considerable diflftculty. When the Indians dispersed it was thought 
advisable to send a messenger with the delegation from the West, to 
negotiate with the wavering tribes on the upper Ohio, and claim the 
fulfillment of their promise. No one being so well suited as Post, he 
was again sent out. 

The army under Forbes had been making slow progress, and did not 
reach Raystown, the present Bedford, before September. Here Bouquet 
was awaiting the arrival of the general. But this very tardiness was 
not without a good efl'ect. It gave Post an opportunity of perfecting 
his negotiations with the wavering Indians; it exhausted their patience 
at the inactivity of the French, and caused many of them to leave the 
fort and retire to their homes; and it resulted in the consumption of the 
provisions and munition of the French, and made it expedient for them 
to reduce their forces. In this way the capture of the fort was more 
certain and less difficult. Washington joined the army with his com- 
mand at Bedford, and Bouquet was sent forward from there to the Loy- 
alhanna, to a place afterward known as Fort Ligonier, with a force of 
two thousand men. Every day sealed more certainly the fate of Fort 
Du(juesne; the French began to be disheartened at the success of the 
British army on the lakes; their distance from the base of suj^plies was 
another difflvtulty they had to contend with, and the mutual jealousies 
of the rulers of Canada rendered the position of the garrison of tlie fort 
very unenviable. General Montcalm, writing at this time to his friend 
(Uievalier de Bourlamaque, gives the following picture of the condition 
of affairs at the fort: 

"Mutiny among the Canadians, who want to go home; the officers 
busy with making money, and stealing like mandarins. Their com- 
mander sets the example, and will come back with three or four hun- 
dre<l francs; the pettiest ensign who does not gamble, will have ten. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



twelve or fifteen huiulred francs The Indians do not lil^e Ligneris, wiio 
is drunk every day." — Park^nan. 

Insignificant successes served in a measure to keep up the spirits of 
the French, but the entire policy of that nation in the New World was 
erroneous, and the fall of its power was only a question of time. The 
defeat of Major Grant, September 5th, within a mile of the fort, to 
which he had been sent with eight hundred men to reconnoiter, was 
due rather to his imprudence than to the valor or vigilance of the 
enemy; while the attack of the French and Indians on the English 
near Fort Ligonier, a short time after, produced no permanent result. 
The fall of Fort Frontenac, at the outlet of Lake Ontario, August 27th, 
by cutting off supplies, made it impossible long to hold Fort Duquesne. 
All hope being lost, on the 24th of November, 1758, when the English 
were within ten miles of the fort, it was blown up, and the buildings 
around it, about thirty in number, burnt. The French, who counted 
about four hundred, besides a large force of Indians of various tribes, 
withdrew. Some of the former went down the Ohio to the Illinois 
country, some across the country to Prescpi' Isle, and part with the com- 
mander, De Ligneris, up the Allegheny to the fort at the mouth of 
French Creek. 



CHAPTER III. 

PERMANENT SETTLEMENTS BEGUN. 



Taking Possession of the Fortes. — A Visit to Braddock's Field. — Death of General Forbes. — The 
French on the Upper Allegheny. — Obstacles to Settlement — Fort Pitt Built. — The Beginnings 
of Pittsburg. — The Indians Unite Under Pontiac. — The War that Followed. — Bouquet's 
E.xpedition. — Settlements Begun West of the Mountains. — Efforts to Remove the Settlers. — 
Treaty of Fort Stanwi.x.— First Sale of Land in Allegheny County.— Pittsburg.— Education 
and Religion. — Abandonment of Fort Pitt. — Virginia Takes Possession. 

On Saturday, November 25th, 1758, the English moved in a body, 
and at evening the youthful Washington could point out to officers and 
men the meeting of the waters. The hand of the veteran Armstrong 
raised the British flag over the ruins of the fort; and as the banner 
floated to the breeze, the place, at the suggestion of Forbes, was named 
Pittsburg. The first recorded use of the name Pittsburg is in a letter 
from General Forbes to Governor Denny, dated the day after taking 
possession, from "Fort Duquesne, now Pittsburg, the 26th of November, 
1758." The minutes of a conference held by Col. Bouquet with the 
chiefs of the Delaware Indians, "at Pitts-Bourgh, December -Ith, 1758," 
is a different early form of the name. The next day after the arrival of 
the English being Sunday, Rev. Mr, Beatty, the chaplain, was ordered 
to preach a sermon in thanksgiving for the superiority of the British 
arms. He was a Presbyterian. And here it may not be out of place to 



30 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



pause a moment to remark on the first religious services held in the ter- 
ritory now engaging our attention. The earliest was by the Jesuit, 
Father Bonnecamp, who accompanied Celoron's expedition, which 
passed here in August, 1749. Braddock's army was attended by a 
chaplain, whose name is not given, and who was wounded at the battle 
of the Monongahela. It may safely be assumed that he was an 
Episcopalian minister; but whether he performed any religious ser- 
vices within the limits of Allegheny county or not, is not known. The 
French at Fort Euquesne, as at all their posts and in all their expedi- 
tions, were attended by an army chaplain, that at this post being Rev. 
Denys Baron, a member of the Recollect branch of the Franciscan 
Order. His register of baptisms and interments kept at the fort is still 
extant, and has been translated from the original P>ench into English 
by the writer of these pages. 

Soon after taking possession of the forks, a visit was paid to the 
scene of Braddock's defeat for the purpose of burying the remains that 
might still be found, as that work of piety had never been done. This 
work performed, General Forbes, with all his command but about two 
hundred men, retired to Philadelphia, where the conqueror of the 
French, whose life was all but gone when he reached the forks, expired 
on the 11th of March, 1759. Fort Duquesne, which, though compara- 
tively small, was yet a work of great strength, was situated close in the 
point of land at the confluence of the two rivers. The ruins were occu- 
pied by the small garrison until they had built the first Fort Pitt, a 
small fortification of no great strength, on the bank of the Mononga- 
hela, about two hundred yards from the site of the French fort. This 
was made their quarters during the winter of 1758-59, until the build- 
ing of the larger fort, of which mention will presently be made. 

But all danger from the French was not removed by the capture of 
Fort Duquesne. That part of the French garrison which retreated up 
the Allegheny, halted, as we have said, at Fort Machault. That forti- 
fication was strengthened, and it was the intention to remain there dur- 
ing the winter, defend the place in case of an attack, and come down 
the river in the spring wifh a view of retaking Fort Duquesne. Under 
favorable circumstances this would not have been difficult, for in case 
the river opened a sudden attack could be made and the little garrison 
of Fort Pitt overpowered even before word could be sent to the east of 
the mountains, much less reinforcements sent out. 

It is true, indeed, that it would have been difficult to win back the 
Indians around the forks, for they had seen the defeat of their former 
allies; but still their attachment to the English was not strong, because 
they stiw them return, not to build a fort for the protection of traders, 
who were a benefit to the natives, but for the occupation of the coun- 
try, to which the Indians always strenuously objected. Having col- 
lected a force of about seven hundred French and Canadians and a 
thous md Indians, with batteaux and canoes for their transportation, 
toward the end of June, 1759, they were about to embark for the forks, 
when word was received that Fort Niagara was besieged. The import- 
ance of holding that point induced them to abandon Fort Machault, 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 31 



and hasten to concentrate all their available forces there. They saw 
their route to the Mississippi cut off by way of the Ohio, and if Niagara 
should fall into the hands of the enemy, all communication with the 
West would be broken off. The stores and munitions prepared for tUe 
expedition were hastily destroyed or distributed among the Indians, 
and the large fleet of batteaux and canoes was burnt. Forts Le Boeuf 
and Pre(j[u' Isle, having served as relays during the occupation of Fort 
Duquesne, now lost their importance, and were evacuated; and the 
French power in Pennsylvania was extinguished forever. A word on 
the subsequent history of the French in North America. Fort Niagara 
was taken on the 5th of August, 1759, and with it the French were cut 
off from all communication with the West. Quebec fell w^ththe death 
of Montcalm on the 14th of September of the same year; and with the 
capitulation of Montreal, September 8th, 1760, all the possessions of the 
French east of the Mississippi fell into the hands of the English. But 
as the star of the French sank to its eternal rest behind the western 
horizon, the sun of American independence rose glorious in the East. 
The presence of the French was a constant menace to the colonies, and 
made them conscious of their dependence on the mother country, 
while it retarded their development. But with the removal of that 
menace the colonies began to feel their independence, were seized with 
a new impulse, and with their sons trained to war in the late protracted 
struggle, and with a leader in whom all had the most imiplicit confi- 
dence, it is not to be wondered at that thoughtful minds on both sides 
of the Atlantic foresaw the struggle for independence. It was not long 
coming, yet we must not anticipate, but rather trace the gradual devel- 
opment of the territory arouhd the head of the Ohio. 

The expulsion of the French did not remove every obstacle to the set- 
tlement of the country around the forks. Two hindrances yet remained : 
the claim of Virginia to the territory, and the Indian title, which had 
not yet been extinguished to any of the country west of the mountains. 
Having gained a footing at the forks the next thing for the English was 
to conciliate the Indians; anil in order to do this successfully it was nec- 
essary to try to convince them that the English had not come to take 
possession of the territory, but only to trade. A strong fortification once 
thrown up, and they would be in a position to maintain their hold by 
force. A conference was accordingly held with the chiefs of the Dela- 
wares oy Col. Bouquet on the 4th of December, 1758, for the purpose of 
establishing more amicable relations, in which the colonel stated, with 
what sincerity the sequel will show, that "we have not come here to 
take possession of your country in a hostile manner, as the French did 
when they came among you, but to open a large and extensive trade 
with you and all other nations of Indians to the westward," etc. The 
first Fort Pitt was finished most probably about the beginning of the 
year 1759, and placed in command of Col. Hugh Mercer, who wrote, 
under date of January 8tli: "This garrison now consists of two hun- 
dred and eighty men, and is capable of some defense, though huddled 
u)) in a very hasty manner, the weather being extremely severe." 



32 



CENTENNIAI. HISTORY 



Mercer was succeeded about July of the same year by Geueral Staii- 
wix, who built the larger P'ort Pitt, which stood on the neck of laud be- 
tween the two rivers at their contluence, a short distance back from their 
sliores. It was a large, strongly built fortification, intended for a gar- 
rison of one thousand men, and it is said to have cost sixty thousand 
pounds sterling. A Philadelphia paper of that time says: "The In- 
dians are carrying on a vast trade with the merchants of Pittsburg, and 
instead of desolating the frontiers of these colonies, are entirely em- 
ployed in increasing the trade and wealth thereof. The happy effects 
of our military operations are also felt by about four thousand of our 
poor inhabitants, who are now in quiet possession of the lands they 
were driven from on the frontiers of Pennsylvania, Maryland and Vir- 
ginia." Unless a very'large tract of country is embraced this estimate 
of the inhabitauts must bajregarded as exaggerated. ^^ 




General 8tanwix went to Philadelphia early in the year 1760, leav- 
ing Major Tulikens in command of the fort, the garrison of which con- 
sisted of one hundred and fifty Virginians, as many Pennsylvanians 
and four hundred of the first battalion of Royal Americans. 

The protection of the garrison naturally brought persons, especially 
traders, to tlie forks, and Pittsburg began to assume the appearance of 
a town. The French, during their occupation, had cleared a considera- 
ble tract of laud, and thus an important part of the work was done for 
the new occupants. From a carefully prepared Hst of liouses and in 
habitants outside of the fort, made for Col. B )uquet by William Clap- 
ham, and headed "A return of the number of houses, of tlie names of 
owners, and number of men, women and children in eacli house, April 
14th, 1761," which is the first description of the incipient town that we 



I 



OF' ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 33 



possess, the number of souls is 233, with the addition of 99 officers, sol- 
diers and their families residing in the town, makingthe whole number 
332; the number of houses was 104. The lower town is said to have 
stood nearest the fort, the upper on the high ground along the Monon- 
gahela, exteuding as far as the present Market street. 

The friendship of the Indians was not to be depended on, especially 
when tlie colonists began to show that their purpose was not merely to 
trade with them, but to take possession of their lands. Conferences of 
greater or less importance were held from time to time with a view of 
preserving amicable relations, the. better to promote trade and settle- 
ment; but in proportion as the colonists took a firmer hold on the terri- 
tory, the Indians grew suspicious and fretful, and it only required a 
leader capable of uniting them to precipitate a struggle which was in- 
evitable, and which, if properly conducted, might endanger the very 
existence of the settlements. Unfortunately such a leader was found, 
who not only saw the sole way to rid their hunting grounds of the in- 
truding pale faces, but who possessed the influence auvd ability to infuse 
his spirit into the whole body of the aborigines, and unite them against 
the aggressors. This was Pontiac, the renowned Ottawa chief, perhaps 
the greatest diplomatist the American Indians have ever produ(;ed. 
But before entering upon the history of this dread struggle, it will be 
necessary to cast a glance at the operations of the military in other parts 
of the original territory of Allegheny county. 

Possession was taken of the fort at Presqu' Isle in July, 1760. by a 
large force, in part from Fort Pitt and in part from other points; and 
garrisons were also placed on the other evacuated French posts, with a 
view of holding possession of the country, and preventing the 8ix 
Nations joining the tribes to the west in case of an outbreak. 

The opening of Braddock's and Forbes' roads prepared the way for 
emigrants from the east, not only to Western Pennsylvania, but also to 
Kentucky and other points and down the Ohio; the Indians saw 
the French driven out, not for the benefit of the natives, but that the 
English might take possession. 

Assisted by Kiyasuta, the chief of the vSenecas, Pontiac united all 
the tribes of the West, and fixed a certain day for making the gen- 
eral assault, while the scheme was kept a profound secref, that they 
might find their victims wholly unprepared. All the forts were to be 
attacked simultaneously, as well as the settlements and all individuals 
whom they could fall upon; and witli one bold sweep, as it were, they 
resolved to raze to the ground everything bearing the mark of their 
detested enemies. But when the attack was made it was found not to 
be simultaneous. That on Fort Pitt and the vicinity was made two or 
three days before the time agreed upon, although it was thought at tlie 
time by those who made it that the day had arrived. The cause of this, 
while showing a novel method of computation among the Indians, will 
explain the reason of the anticipation. At the grand council held by 
the tribes for arranging the attack, a bundle of little rods had been 
given to every tribe, each bundle containing as many rods as there were 
days till the date when the attack was to be made. One rod was to be 



34 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



drawn from the bundle every morning, and when only a single one re- 
mained, it was to be the signal for theoutbreak. But a Delaware squaw, 
who was desirous that their plans might be deranged, had for that pur- 
j)0se stealthily taken out two or three of the rods, thus precipitating 
the outbreak in Western Pennsylvania. The Dela wares and Shawan- 
ese, who were the most effected by the encroachments of the settlers, 
seem to have been the most active in promoting the attack, and they 
hailed the day when it was to deluge the settlements with blood, and 
bring them revenge with a rich harvest of scalps, so prized by the In- 
dian brave. 

So carefully arranged and admirably executed were the plans of 
these Napoleons of the western wilderness, that of all the fnmtier posts 
only three were able to resist: Detroit, Niagara and Pitt. The shock 
was the most terrible ever felt by the settlers, so used to Indian out- 
breaks. Fort Pitt, the main reliance of the West, was placed in a most 
critical position, and serious fears were entertained of its ability to hold 
out until reinforcements could arrive. To make matters worse, all com- 
munication was cut off. The attack on the fort, of which Simon Ecuyer 
was in conmiand, was made on the afternoon of June 22d, 1763. Fort 
Ligonier, though a post of no importance in itself, was yet an interv^en- 
ing post on the route to Pitt, and its preservation for that reason was 
very necessary. Besides, a large quantity of provisions and amnmnition 
were stored in it at this time, which must be kept out of the reach of the 
Indians. Characteristic apathy marked the proceedings of the Penn- 
sylv^ania Assembly; but the commander at Bedford sent forward a small 
force of picked men to reinforce the garrison. It was the most perilous 
l)eri<)d in the history of Western Pennsylvania, and, though a century 
and a (juarter have since elapsed, it makes the blood run cold to read of 
the trials of our grandfathers of that day. Recognizing the importance 
of holding Fort Pitt at every sacrifice, General Amherst sent forwaixl 
Col. Bouquet to its relief. With the scattered remnants of the Forty- 
second and Seventy-second regiments, lately returned from the West 
Indies, comprising in all scarcely five hundred men, he set out on his 
long and tedious march. Not a few of the men were invalids wlu) had 
to be conveyed in wagons, but these he hoped to leave as garrisons at 
some of the posts on the way. To these were added six compiinies -of 
rangers, amounting to two hundred men. The little army pressed for- 
ward with all speed, the fate of the fort being all the while uncertain. 
Following Forbes' road the army passed Ligonier, and came to the head 
waters of Turtle Creek, a tributary of which, named Bushy Run, was 
reached on the 5th of August. 

Here Bouquet was attacked by a large force of Indians, wlio were 
determined either to overpower him or retard his progress; and here 
was fought one of the bloodiest battles recorded on the pages of Ameri- 
can history. The fate of Fort Pitt and of the West depended on its 
issue. The battle was begun in the evening of the 5th of August, and 
lasted till night closed in ui)on the scene. But scarcely had the mornijig 
dawned when it was renewed with redoubled fury,- and kept up with 
tlu; result very uncertain, till Bou(j[uet resorted to a stratagem by which 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 35 

victory was secured to him and the savages were put to flight. Bou- 
quet lost about fifty iiieii, and had sixty wounded; the Indians had some 
sixty of their best warriors Ivilled, with many of tlieir most distin- 
guislied cliiefs. But, though a few scattered shots were fired by the sav- 
ages during the remainder of the march to Fort Pitt, it amounted to 
little; the Indians, it appears, were thoroughly disheartened, and no 
general attack was ever after planned against the settlements. Tt must 
not, liowever, be imagined that the frontier enjoyed an interrupted 
peace. Tlie power of the natives was broken, but attacks of greater or 
less importance continued to be made from time to time on the settle- 
ments. But the foothold of the whites was becoming more firm and the 
day of their final triumph was drawing on apace. 

Still the road to Fort Pitt was a favorite scene of sudden attacks by 
the savages, and communication was at times almost cut off. Settle- 
ments would have flourished better had it not been for the supineness of 
the Assembly of Pennsylvania and the blindness of the Quakers, who 
controlled the government, and who seemed more solicitous for the wel- 
fare of the Indians than for that of the whites. Exasperated at this, 
General Amherst wrote: "The conduct of the Pennsylvania Quakers 
is altogether so infatuated and stupidly obstinate, that I find no words 
to express my indignation." Says Mr. Parkman: "The Quakers 
seemed resolved that they would neither defend the people of the fion- 
tier nor allow them to defend themselves, vehemently enveighed 
against all. expeditions to cut off the Indian marauders." But the 
pioneers had long since learned not to place too much confidence in 
the pacific dispositions of the Indians, whose treachery, vindictive 
spirit, and consciousness that the whites were gradually driving 
them back off their ancestral domain, rendered the settlements liable to 
be attacked at any time or place. The utmost vigilance was necessary 
to insure safety, and this vigilance had become a second nature to the 
hardy backwoodsman. Still it was not probable that the Indians would 
attack any place in considerable numbers; only a small party was likely 
to fall upon any of the settlements. They were growing restless, how- 
ever, at the encroachments of the whites, for now settlements were 
multiplying, and the Indians saw with dismay that they must ere long 
bid an eternal farewell to their former possessions. 

Their attitude became at length so threatening, and their attacks on 
the settlements so frequent that, in 1764, Governor John Penn proposed 
by proclamation the following rewards for the scalps or capture of In- 
dians. For every male above ten years, captured, $150; or for his scalp, 
being killed, $134. For every female, or male under ten years old cap- 
ured, $130; or for the scalp of such female killed, $50. 

The only safety for the settlements was the striking of such a blow 
against the tribes to the west of Pittsburg as would not only stun them for 
the moment, but would inflicta permanent injury, and teach them to re- 
spect the power of the whites. No person could be found better fitted for 
this task than Col. Bouquet, to whom the colony already owed so much, 
and wlio had shown himself so capable of grappling M'ith the Indians un- 
der the most unfavorable circumstances. To no man does Western Penn- 



86 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



sylvaniaowe so much as to him. To chastise the Indians for llieir i>ei- 
lidy General Gage resolved to attack them from two difterent points 
and force them from tlie frontier. With this in view he sent a corps 
under Col. Bradstreet, in the north, to act against the trihes south of 
Lake Erie, and at the same time prevent the Six Nations from coming 
to their assistance, while a corps under Bouquet should attack the tribes 
further to the south, in central and southern Ohio. The two armies 
were to act in concert, but owing to the facility with which troops 
could l)e transported by way of the lakes, and the distressing delays 
which Bouquet experienced, Bradstreet reached Presqu' Isle before 
Bouquet arrived at Fort Pitt. Having at length, with great ditticulty, 
collected his forces, formed his magazines and provided for the safety of 
the posts he was to leave behind him ou his march. Bouquet was ready 
on AVednesday, October 3d, 1764, to advance with about fifteen hundred 
men, including drivers and other necessary followers of the army. He 
proceeded with the greatest caution down the north bank of the Ohio, 
omitting nothing that could contribute to the safety of his men and 
stores and the success of the expedition, familiar as he was with Indian 
modes of attack. When some distance below the mouth of the Beaver 
he struck out toward central Ohio, where some of the principal Indian 
villages were located, which it was his determination to visit, and, if 
necessary, destroy. An important part of his programme was the lib- 
eration of a large number of prisoners taken by the savages in their 
numerous raids on the frontier. He was soon in the heart of the ene- 
my's country, and his firmness struck terror into the hearts of the sav- 
ages, who could neither meet him on the field of battle, deceive him 
with promises, nor intimidate him with threats. Holding on in his 
course, he persisted in refusing to treat with them till he had reached 
the term of his journey, and not then till they had delivered up the 
prisoners they held in custody. After some delay he succeeded without 
striking a blow; yet it was the most crushing defeat the Indians had 
ever experienced. Having made a salutary impression on the minds of 
the savages of both the courage and the determination of the whites, 
and having obtained a promise from them of preserving the peace, a 
promise which for once they were onl3^ too glad to make, he set out on 
his return on the 18th of November, and reached Fort Pitt on the 28th. 
The frontier was now permitted to enjoy a season of comparative se- 
curity. 

The settlers continued to take up lands west of the mountains, and 
the Indians complained to the king, who, as early as 1764, sent instruc- 
tions to John Penn, informing him that several persons from his pro- 
vince and also from the back parts ot Virginia had crossed the moun- 
tains and located on lands lying not far from the Ohio, in express dis- 
obedience to a proclamation issued on the 7th of the previous October, 
prohibiting all governors from granting warrants for lands to the west- 
ward of the source of the rivers which run into the Atlantic, and for- 
bidding all persons i)urchasing such lands or settling on them without 
special licence from the crown. The governor was enjoined to use all 
the means in his power to prevent this emigration, and to cause such 



OF ALLEGHP^NY COUNTY. 37 

persons as had actually settled in trans-Allegheny country to be re- 
moved. In compliance with this order, General Gage, commander-in- 
chief of the British forces in North America, instructed Alex. Mackey, 
who commanded a detachment at Redstone, to require the settlers to 
withdraw from the lands they occupied; and the latter issued an order 
dated June 22d, 1766, to all those who had settled west of the moun- 
tains, as he tells them: "To collect you together and inform you of the 
lawless and licentious manner in which you behave, and to order j^ou 
all to return to your several provinces without delay, which I am to do 
in the presence of some Indian chiefs now along with me." He fur- 
ther informs them that, in case they refuse to comply with his demand 
they should be driven back and their goods confiscated. The general 
himself wrote to .John Penn on the same subject on the 2d of July, and 
the latter opened a correspondence with Governor Fauquier, of Vir- 
ginia, on the 23d of September. Penn wrote to the Earl of Shel bourne, 
January 21st, 1767, and, after recounting what had been done by him, 
the governor of Virginia and General Gage, concludes: "I am at a loss 
to know what more can be done by the civil power." But the evil was 
not easily cured, and Gage wrote on the 7th of December of the same 
year: "You are witness how little attention has been paid to the pro- 
clamations that have been published, and that even the removing these 
people from the lands last summer by the garrison of Fort Pitt, has been 
only -a temporary expedient; as they met with no punishment, we learn 
they are again returned to Bedstone," etc. More stringent measures 
were now adopted, and on the 3d of February, 1768, an act was passed 
inflicting death, without benefit of clergy, upon any person settled upon 
lands not purchased of the Indians, who shall refuse after — days' no- 
tice to quit the same, or having removed, shall return to the same or 
other unpurchased lands.' But it was all to no purpose; for those who 
were removed by force returned again as soon as the troops were with- 
drawn. The Indians continued to complain, and a conference was held 
at Pittsburg in April and May, of this year, with the Six Nations, the 
Delawares, Shawanese, Munsies and Mohickons, at which eleven hun- 
dred and three Indians were present, besides women and children; but 
n<ithing effectual was done to remedy the evil. 

To complicate matters still more, the old Ohio Company sought a 
perfection of their gr^nt; the Virginia volunteers of 1754, who had en- 
listed under a proclamation offering liberal bounties of lands, were also 
clamorous; individual grants were urged; even Sir William Johnson 
was ambitious of becoming governor of an armed colony south of tlie 
Ohio river, upon a model proposed by Franklin in 1754; and the plan of 
another company led by Thomas Walpole, was submitted to the Eng- 
lish ministry. Under these circumstances there was but one thing to 
do; the title to the country nmst be purchased from the Indians. Ac- 
cordingly, on the 24th of October, 1768, a council was held at Fort 
Stanwix, now Rome, New York, with the Six Nations and their con- 
federates, also with some independent tribes, although, as a matter of 
fact, it was a conference with the Iroquois exclusively, as none others 
signed (lie articles finally agreed upon. The general government was 



38 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



represented by Sir William Johnson; and there were commissioners 
presen t from New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Virginia. The result of the 
treaty was, that the Indian claim was extinguished to all the country of 
the Six Nations lying to the eastward of the Alleghenj^ river, as far 
north as what is now Kittanning, and all lying to the southward and 
eastward of the Ohio from Pittsburg down to the mouth of the Tennes- 
see river, "and extending eastward from every part of the said line as 
far as the lands between the said line and the purchased lands or settle- 
ments," except such tracts in Pennsylvania as had been sold by those 
Indians. The lands in that province east of that line were at the same 
time purchased by the province. These embraced, among others, the 
first land lying within the limits of Allegheny County, the Indian 
title to which had been extinguished. 

The way was now clear for the march of civilization to the Ohio, 
from its headwaters to the mouth of the Tennessee. 

"The title being thus acquired, measures were immediately taken to 
prepare the new purchased lands for sale. On the 23d of February, 
1769, an advertisement was published for general information that the 
Land Office would be opened on the 3d day of the ensuing April, at 10 
o'clock, A. M., to receive applications from all persons inclined to take 
up lands in ihe new purchase upon the terms of five pounds sterling 
per hundred acres, and one penny per acre, per annum, quit rent. This 
quit rent was afterward abolished by the act vesting in the Common- 
wealth the title of the Penns, commonly called the Divesting Act, 
passed on the 27th of November, 1779. In Washington county, and in 
portions of Allegheny, west of the Monongahela river, many settie- 
nients were also made under Virginia titles, so that there was a rai)id 
increase of the population from 1770 to 1775. Much of the very best 
land in that quarter is held by titles based on Virginia entries; which 
by the Compromise of 1779 are recognized as equally good as Pennsyl- 
vania warrants. A large portion of the land along Chartiers Creek is 
thus held by entries made between 1769 and 1779." — History of Piffs- 
hurg. 

But it is evident from the journal of George Washington's tour 
down the Ohio in 1770 that no settlements had been made up to that 
time on the south side of that stream below a point but three miles west 
of Pittsburg. Another difficulty, however, now arose, which was found 
more difficult to adjust than that with the Indians — the claim of both 
Pennsylvania and Virginia to the territory in southwestern Pennsyl- 
vania, and its effect upon titles to land. But this point was tinally ad- 
justed, as we have seen. In the meantime we sliall cast a hasty glance 
at Pittsburg, which was the center of population and trade in this vast 
territory. 

The i^resence of the fort with its garrison, and the trade with the 
Indians whicli it brought to the incipient town tended to increase th*^ 
jjopulation. The first plan of a town was laid out by Col. John ( 'amp- 
bell in 1764, which end)raced only the S(j[uares bounded by Water, Mar- 
ket and Kerry streets and Seconal avenue. The same year ( 'ol. Bouquet 
built a redoubt just outside the fort, which is yet slan<ling, and is the 



OF ALLEGHENY (X)LTNTY. 



41 




coii. bouquet's redoubt, as seen in 1764. 



"last relic of British rule." It is two stories high, the first of stone, 
which is now half-buried beneath the surface, the second of brick, and 
is about sixteen feet square; and logs, with loop-holes cut in them, are 
placed in the walls a short distance below the ceiling in each story. It 
is the oldest building in the city, a veritable relic of by-gone days. On 
tlie 8th of .lanuary, 1769, a warrant was issued for the survey of the 
"Manor of Pittsburg," which was found to contain 5,766 acres, lying on 
both sides of the Monongahela, but principally on the east. Washing- 
ton visited the town in October, 1770, of which he has left the following 
description in his journal: "The houses, which are built of logs, and 
ranged in streets, are on the Monongahela, and I suppose maybe about 
twenty in number, and inhabited by Indian traders." 

The imj^ortant subject of education had not as yet begun to engage 
the attention of the people, but the cause of religion was not forgotten. 
The greater part of the people, who looked beyond the present life, were 
members of the Presbyterian denomination, and the authorities of that 
body, to which the matter pertained, early took care that proper min- 



38 

(CENTENNIAL H18T0RY 



r 

rions should, as far as circumstances permitted, be provided for 

t. A brief account of this noted event will be read with interest; 

the secular history it contains will add to the intei-est. Says Mr. 
^ 1, in his JfisfG.-// of Fiffsbwg: 

"In the sunnner of 1766, the Rev. Charles Beatty was appointed by 
the synod of New York and Philadelphia to visit the frontier inhabitants, 
in order that a better judgment might be formed, what assistance might 
be necessary to atlbrd them, in their present low circumstances, in order 
t^ promote the gospel among them; and also to visit the Indians, in case 
it could be done safely. On Friday, the 5th of Septembei', late in the 
evening, he arrived at Fort Pitt. He immediately waited on C'aptain 
Murray, the commandant, who received him and his companion, Mr. 
Duttieid, politely, and introduced them to the Rev. Mr. Mcl.agan, the 
chaplain of the Forty-seccmd regiment. * - ■■ On Sabbath, 7th of 
Sei)tember, Mr. McLagan invit^^d him to preach in the garrison, which 
he did; while Mr. Duttieid preached to those who live in 'some kind of 
a town, without the fort,' to whom Mr. Beatty also preached in the 
afternoon." 

jNIr. ]5eatty, with a party, visited the surroundings of the town, on 
Monday, of which he leaves the following note: "T:i the afternoon we 
crossed the Mocconghehela river, accompanied l)y two gentlemen, and 
went up the hill opposite the fort, by a very dirticult ascent, in order to 
take a view of that part of it more particularly from which the garrison 
is supplied with coals, which is not far from the top. A fire being made 
by the workmen not far from the place where they dug the coal, and 
left burning when they went away, by the small dust communicated it- 
self to the body of the coals and set it on fire, and has now been ])urning 
almost a twelve month entirely underground, foi- the space of twenty 
yards or more along the face of the hill or rock, the way the vein of coal 
extends, the smoke ascending up through tlie chinks of the rocks. The 
earth in some places is so warm that we could hardl;\' l)ear to stand ui)on 
it " * "" The fire has already undermined some part of the mountain, 
so that great fragments of it, and trees with their roots are falling down 
its face." 

"Messrs. Beatty and Duffield were the first Presbyterian ministers," 
says Mr. (-raig, "so far as we have any testimony, who ever ] (reached at 
the head of the Ohio." 

In October, 1772, Major Edmonson, who commanded the garrison of 
Fort Pitt, received orders fr(mi General Gage to abandon tlie fort; and, 
though he did not destroy it, yet he sold for fifty pounds New York cur- 
rency, all that was salable in a stronghold that had cost the British 
crown 60,(KK) pounds sterling. Scarcely had he withdraM'n when Tiord 
Dimmore, governor of Virginia, renewed the claim of that colony, and 
sent his pliant tool, the notorious Dr. John Connolly, to take possession 
of the fort. This usurpation and the disturbances which attended it, 
were the most important events of the next three years; though the dis- 
atiection resulting from them continued much longer. The protracted 
struggle regarding the boundary lines of Pennsylvania and Virginia will 
form the subject of the next chapter. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 41 



CHAPTER IV. 



THE BOUNDARY DISPUTE BETWEEN PENNSYLVANIA AND VIRGINIA. 



The Boundary Dispute Begins to Attract Attention— Lord Dunmore's Rapacity— Sub- Division of 
the Territory Made by Pennsylvania and Virginia — Dr. John Connolly at Pittsburg — 
Attempt to Settle the Boundary Dispute — Its Failure — Dunmore and Connolly Retire from the 
Scene — Settlement of the Boundary Question. 

It was stated in a previous cliapter that James I., in 1609, granted 
to a company, by royal charter, a large tract of country in the new world, 
including the territory now embraced in southwestern Pennsylvania; 
and that Charles II. included the same territory in his charter to Wil- 
liam Penn in 1681. Hence arose a boundary dispute, which became 
more interesting and bitter as the country began to be settled and its 
value better appreciated. The purpose of the present chapter will be to 
trace the history of that dispute from its inception to its final settlement, 
with such references as may be necessary to questions of less impor- 
tance connected with it. 

The boundary question began to loom into prominence when it be- 
came necessary for the colonies to take active measures to secure the 
valley of the Ohio against the encroachments of the French, in the 
middle of the last century ; and Virginia took the initiative, as we 
have seen, although the charter of the company to which the territory 
had been granted was dissolved, and the land had reverted to the 
crown. So long as the French war continued, the colonies were too 
busily engaged in striving to repel the common enemy to consume 
much time in disputing among themselves, though even then they were 
not in perfect harmony. And when the French were finally expelled, 
troubles with the Indians engaged no little of their attention for some 
years. At length the way was clear for settlements east of the Ohio; 
Pittsburg became the center of the Indian trade, and of those who 
came out, many began to take up lands, especially along the military 
routes, in the valleys of the Monongahela and Youghiogheny, and in 
the vicinity of Pittsburg. The Ohio Company, too, revived its claim, 
and settlers moved on to the territory embraced within its grant. In 
general, it may be said that the settlers were, for the most part, Vir- 
ginians, while the Indian traders were Pennsylvanians; and that, 
while it was to the interest of the former to drive the natives back — ex- 
terminate them, or get rid of them in any way — the latter wished on 
the contrary to cultivate friendly relations with them. Hence there 
was already a conflict of interests; and though the Virginians seemed 
to have the better of it in the possession of the lands, the Pennsyl- 
vanians held the center of trade and population, with its celebrated 
fort, and with it the command of the water courses. But in the nature 
of things the Indian trade must diminish, as the natives retired before 
the march of civilization, the settlers must multiply, and every day 

A4 



42 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



must bring nearer the inevitable conflict between the colonies regarding 
their dividing line. The conflict, however, was precipitated by a cir- 
cumstance which was of itself an evidence of peace and security. 
Major Edmonson, who com-manded the little garrison at Fort Pitt, was, 
as we have seen, ordered by the commander-in-chief, in October, 1772, 
to dismantle the fort and withdraw. He did not destroy it, but only 
sold whatever was movable. Unfortunately for the peace of the 
colony, Virginia possessed a governor at that time who was more re- 
markable for his avarice than for his patriotism. Lord Dunmore was 
appointed governor of the colony in July, 1771, and no sooner was he in 
possession of authority than he began to use it in taking up lands for 
himself. He may be regarded as the prince of land-grabbers in North 
America. Says Mr. Bancroft: "No royal governor showed more 
rapacity in the use of official power than Lord Dunmore. He reluctantly 
left New York, where, during his short career" — of less than a year 
and a half—" he had acquired fifty thousand acres, and, himself acting 
as chancellor, was preparing to decide in his own Court, in his own favor, 
a large and unfounded claim which he had preferred against the lieu- 
tenant-governor. Upon entering on the government of Virginia, his 
passion for land and fees outweighing the proclamation of the king and 
the reiterated and most positive instructions from the secretary of state, 
he advocated the claims of the colony to the west, and was himself a 
partner in two immense purchases of land from the Indians in southern 
Illinois. In 1773 his agents, the Bullets, made surveys at the Falls of 
the Ohio, and a part of Louisville and of the towns opposite Cincinnati 
are now held under his warrant. The area of the ancient dominion ex- 
panded with his cupidity. " So great was the antipathy of the Virgin- 
ians to him, that in a very few years he thought himself only too 
happy to escape their fury with his life; and Washington, who was not 
given to the utterance of ultra opinions, said, in December, 1775 : 
" Nothing less than depriving him of life or liberty will secure peace to 
Virginia." Such was the man whose machinations, seconded by an 
unprincipled tool, were to bring upon Pittsburg and the territory 
around the head of the Ohio the last serious disturbance to which it has 
been subjected. At the same time he involved all northwestern Vir- 
ginia and southwestern Pennsylvania in an Indian war, which is indeed 
only indirectly connected with this history, but which forced the settlers, 
who were so fortunate as to escape with their lives, to retire to the 
east of the mountains from the valley of the upper Monongahela and 
the adjacent country, and which seriously interfered with the trade of 
Pittsburg. 

We have traced the general outline of the territories claimed re- 
spectively by Pennsylvania and Virginia. It will be necessary, before 
entering on the narrative of the events which precipitated the adjust- 
ment of the difficulty, to glance at the sub-divisions of the territory made 
prior to that time by the two contestants, irrespective of the rights or 
pretensions of each other. 

It is difficult to determine the exact boundaries of the sub-divisions 
of the disputed territory claimed by Virginia; but it would appear to 



OFf.ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



43 




.The Old Redoubt, as it Appears To-day. 

P^ROM A Photograph by E. W. Histhd. 



ha\'e been included in Spottsylvania county, which was erected May 1st, 
1721. In 1734 this county was divided, and the western portion of it be- 
came Orange county. Four years later this county was sub-divided, 
and all that part of it west of the Blue Ridge was erected into Augusta 
county. The western part of it, however, soon came to be known as 
the District of West Augusta; but when, or for what reason, is not as- 
certained; only that it was prior to September, 177G. In October of that 
year, the Legislature of Virginia passed an act to ascertain the boundary 
between Augusta county and the District of West Augusta; in the pre- 



44 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



amble of which it is declared that, amoug other tracts, " all the territory 
lying to the westward of the States of Maryland and Pennsylvania shall 
be deemed, and is hereby declared to be, within the district of West 
Augusta." The name Pennsylvania is here taken, of course, as Virginia 
then understood it. But by an act to take effect November 8th, of the 
same year, 1776, the district was sub-divided into three counties, namely: 
Youghioghenia, Ohio and Monongalia, to the first of which the terri- 
tory around the site of Pittsburg belonged. This division remained un- 
changed until the boundary dispute was finally settled. But after that 
time Virginia retained the name of Ohio and Monongalia for two of her 
western counties, and the name Youghioghania was dropped, which 
lias for that reason been called "the lost county." Other authorities 
maintain that when it was determined to erect the county buildings of 
Allegheny county in Pittsburg, instead of west of the Allegheny river, 
in the present Allegheny City, the territory on that side of the river was 
called " the lost county." This is a mistake; for all of it was once in the 
same county as Pittsburg, and part of it is there still. 

As to the sub-divisions made of this territory by Pennsylvania, as 
early as January 27th, 1750, Cumberland county, the sixth county of the 
colony, was erected, which embraced "all and singular the lands lying 
within the Province of Pennsylvania, to the westward of the Susque- 
hanna, and northward and westward of the county of York," to which 
the claim of the Indians had been extinguished. To this was added the 
purchase of 1758. That purcht\3e did not, however, include any part of 
the territory of Allegheny county, all of which was still in possession 
of the aborigines. By the treaty of Fort Stanwix, already referred to, 
the Six Nations ceded a large tract of country including all that part of 
Allegheny county east and south of the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, from 
Kittanning down, which became for the time being a part of Cum- 
berland county. I may be pardoned for pausing to remark, paran- 
thetically, that in the study of our early history it is necessary to re- 
member that almost all of the earlier counties have been divided 
and sub-divided until they are but the merest fraction of what they were 
originally. Cumberland was divided by the erection of Bedford county 
March 9th, 1771, which includes all the western and southwestern parts 
of the province up to that time purchased from the Indians; and, conse- 
quently, the part of Allegheny county secured by the treaty of 1768. 

A further division of this vast territory was made by the erection 
of Westmoreland county, February 26th, 1773, which took in all the 
western part of the province, east and south of the rivers. In the 
division of Westmoreland county into townships, the territory now en- 
gaging our attention was included in Hempfield and Pitt townships, 
but principally in the latter, which included Pittsburg. Hempfield 
took in only that part of Allegheny county on the east side of the 
Youghiogheny river from its mouth to the county line. The boundaries 
of Pitt township are thus described: "Beginning at the mouth of Kis- 
kiminetas and running down the Allegheny river to its junction with 
the Monongahela, then down the Ohio to the western limits of the 
province, thence up the western boundary (/. e. soutli) to the line of 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. ' 45 

Springhill township (which was a line drawn due west from the mouth 
of Redstone Creels to the western limits of the province), thence with 
that line to the mouth of Redstone Creek, thence down the Mononga 
hela to the mouth of the Youghiogheny, thence with the line of Hemp- 
fleld to the mouth of Brush Run, thence with the line of said township 
to the beginning," which was a straight line from that point to the 
mouth of the Kiskiminetas. 

It has already been stated that soon after the evacuation of Fort 
Pitt it was occupied by the Virginians, by order of Lord Dunmore, the 
governor of that colony. Says Mr. Craig, in his History of Pittsburg, 
from which much of what follows has been taken: -'Early in 1774 Dr. 
John Connolly, a Pennsylvanian by birth, but a partisan and friend of 
Lord Dunmore, came here from Virginia, with authority from that 
nobleman to take possession of the fort, calling it Fort Dunmore, and 
issued a proclamation calling the militia together on the 25th of Janu- 
ary, 1774; for so doing Arthur St. Cl-iir, a magistrate of Westmoreland 
county, Pii., issued a warrant against him, and had him committed to 
jail at Hanna's Town, which was then the seat of justice for all this 
country. Connolly was soon released, by entering bail for his appear- 
ance. He then went to Staunton, and was sworn in as a justice of the 
peace of Augusta county, Virginia, in which, it was alleged, the coun- 
try around Pittsburg was embraced. Toward the latter part of March 
he returned to this place, with both civil and military authority, to put 
the laws of Virginia in force. About the 5th of April, the Court assem- 
bled at Hanna's Town. * ^ ^ Soon after Connolly, with about one 
hundred and fifty men, all armed and with colors flying, appeared 
there; placed sentinels at the door of the court house, who refused to 
admit the magistrates, unless with the consent of their commander. A 
meeting then took place between Connolly and the magistrates, in which 
tJie former stated that he had come there in fulfillment of his promise 
to the sheriff; but denied the authority of the Court, and declared that 
the magistrates had na right to hold a court. He added, however, that 
to prevent confusion, he agreed that the magistrates might act as a court 
in all matters which might be submitted to them by the acquiescence of 
the people, until he should receive instructions to the contrary." The 
compromise, however, was of short duration, for, on the 8th of April, 
the justices returned to Pittsburg, where most of them resided, and 
were the next day arrested by order of Connolly. They were soon re- 
leased, however, but "on the 19th of April intelligence of the arrest of 
the justices reached the governor of Pennsylvania; and on the 21st, at a 
meeting of the council, it was determined to send two commissioners to 
Virginia to represent to the government there of the ill consequences 
which may ensue if an immediate stop be not put to the disorders which 
then existed in the West, and to consult upon the most proper means 
for cstablisliing peace and good order in that quarter. James Tilghman 
and Andrew Allen were appointed, with instructions, first, to request 
the governor of Virginia to unite with the proprietaries of Pennsylva- 
nia to petition His Majesty, in council, to api)oint commissioners to run 
the boundary line; the ex^^ense to be equally borne by the two colonies; 



46 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



second, to use every exertion to induce the governor to agree to some 
temporary line; but on no event to assent to any line which would give 
Virginia jurisdiction of the country on the east side of the Mononga- 
hela river. The commissioners arrived at Williamsburg on the 19th of 
May, and on the 21st had an oral conference with the governor, in which 
he expressed his willingness to join in an application to the king to ap- 
point commissioners to settle the boundary; but also declared that Vir- 
ginia would defray no part of the expenses. As to the temporary line, 
he desired the commissioners to make their i^roposition in writing. lu 
compliance with this request, they, on the 23d, addressed him a letter 
containing the following proposition:— "That a survey be taken by sur- 
veyors, to be appointed by the two governments, with as much accuracy 
as may serve the present purpose, of the course of the Delaware, from 
the mouth of Christiana Creek, or near it, where Mason and Dixon's 
line intersects the Delaware, to that part of said river which is in the 
latitude of Fort Pitt, and as much farther as may be needed for the 
present purpose. That the line of Mason and Dixon be extended to the 
distance of five degrees of latitude from the Delaware; and that from 
the end of said five degrees, a line or lines, corresponding to the courses 
of the Delaware, be run to the river Ohio, as nearly as may be at the 
distance of five degrees from said river in every part." And that the 
extension of Mason and Dixon's line, and the line or lines correspond- 
ing to the courses of the Delaware, be taken as the line of jurisdiction 
until the boundary can be run and settled by royal authority. Lord 
Dunmore, in his reply, dated May 24th, contended that the western 
boundary could not be of "such an inconvenient and difficult to be as- 
certained shape," as it would be if made to correspond to the courses of 
the Delaware. He thought it should be a meridian line, at the distance 
of five degrees from the Delaware, in the forty-second degree of lati- 
tude." He stated, further, that, unless the commissioners proposed 
some line that favored the Virginians as much as the Pennsylvanians, 
"he saw that no accommodation could be entered into previous to the 
king's decision." The commissioners, in their reply of the 26th, say, 
that for the purpose of producing harmony and peace, "we shall be 
willing to recede from our charter bounds so far as to make the river 
Monongahela, from the line of Mason and Dixon, the western boundary 
of jurisdiction, which would at once settle our present dispute, 
without the great trouble and expense of running lines, or the incon- 
venience of keeping the jurisdiction in suspense," 

On the same day Lord Dunmore replied in a very characteristic and 
haughty manner, remarking, among other things, "Your resolution 
with respect to Fort Pitt puts an entire stop to further treaty;" and 
they, in their turn, replied on the 27th, that "the determination of his 
lordship not to relinquish Fort Pitt puts a period to the treaty." Says 
the historian, from whose accurate narrative the above has been taken: 
"After a careful perusal of this correspondence, and an attentive consid- 
eration of Lord Dunmore's conduct in 1774 and 1775, the conclusion is 
forced upon the mind, that he was a very weak and arbitrary man, or 
else that the suspicion, then entertained, that he wished to promote ill- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 47 



will and hostility between Pennsylvanians and Virginians, as well as 
between the Indians and whites, was well founded." This negotiation 
having failed, Connolly continued to domineer with a high hand at 
Fort Pitt; so much so that ^neas Mackay, a prominent person in the 
western part of the province, wrote to Governor Penn : ' 'The deplorable 
state of affairs in this part of your government is truly distressing. We 
are robbed, insulted and dragooned by Connolly and his militia in this 
place and its environs." 

The people were driven to the last extremity, and, though accus- 
tomed to take their own part, they had no court to which an appeal 
could be made, and were too weak to resort to arms. The traders, upon 
whom the town of Pittsburg depended, contemplated a number of 
plans for their relief. One was to raise a stockade around the town, a 
second was to build another town a short distance below the present 
Kittanning, about where Manorville stands, on the manor which the 
proprietaries owned there, and which it was proposed to call Appleby; 
for the manor of Kittanning did not include the site of the present town 
of that name, but extended along the eastern bank of the Allegheny 
from the mouth of Crooked Creek to a little above the middle of the 
present Manorville, almost two miles below the present Kittanning. 
The town was never built, but active measures were taken looking to 
the building of it in the summer of 1774. The distressing state of affairs 
continued, and Dunmore, who was in Pittsburg in the middle of Sep- 
tember of this year, issued a proclamation reasserting the claim of Vir- 
ginia to the territory; to which Governor Penn replied in another, re- 
minding the settlers of their duty of allegiance to him, and chargingthe 
magistrates to see to the enforcement of the laws. 

In November, 1774, and in the following February, Connolly went 
to Hanna's Town with an armed force and released certain prisoners de- 
tained there; and about the same time William Crawford, the president 
judge of Westmoreland county, gave up his allegiance to Pennsylvania 
and joined the Virginians. 

But Dunmore was becoming so odious to the Virginians that his 
power was fast drawing to a close; so much so that on the 8th of June 
he was obliged to take refuge on a man-of-war, where he was soon joined 
by Connolly. 

Patriotic citizens of both colonies lamented the continual disturb- 
ance, and on the 25th of July, 1775, the delegates in Congress, including 
Tiiomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry and Benjamin Franklin, united in a 
circular urging the people to mutual forbearance. Yet on the 7th of 
August the Virginia Provincial Convention resolved that "Captain 
John Neville be directed to march with his company of one hundred 
men, and take possession of Fort Pitt." This action was wholly unex- 
pected by the Pennsylvanians and created considerable confusion, ex- 
asperating all parties, and preventing the delegates from congress who 
were here to hold a treaty with Indians from doing so. In the mean- 
time the first clouds of a war between the colonies and Great Britain 
began to appear, and Connolly was planning a scheme by which Fort 
Pitt would become an important point f com which British troops could 



48 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



operate under him. But the authorities could iio longer permit so tur- 
bulent a spirit to be at liberty, and accordingly, on the 22d of Novem- 
ber, he and two of liis associates were arrested at Fi'ederick, Maryland. 
His machinations were discovered and exposed, and by order of Congress 
he was taken to Philadelphia for greater security, and there kept in 
prison. After the Revolution he resided in Canada, where he enjoye^ 
the confidence and liberality of the English government; and there we 
shall bid him an eternal farewell. 

The boundary dispute was still a vexed question that was daily de- 
manding adjustment; and both colonies were anxious to have it settled, 
the emly difficulty in the way being the unwillingness of the contestants 
to make concession. The running of the well known Mason and 
Dixon's line settled the long and bitter dispute between the colonies of 
Pennsylvania and Maryland; but though it exercised an influence on 
the Pennsylvania and Virginia boundary question, it decided nothing. 
The latitude of this line is 39° 43^ 26^^ north; but neither party was will- 
ing to accept it as the dividing line. The proprietaries claimed under 
the royal grant a territory three degrees of latitude in width — that is, 
"from the beginning of the fortieth degree of north latitude to the be- 
ginning of the three-and-fortieth degree of north latitude." They con- 
tended that the beginning of the first degree of north latitude is the 
equator, and the beginning of the second degree is at the end of the 
first, therefore, that tlie beginning of the fortieth is at the ending of the 
thirty-ninth, or 39° north latitude. They, therefore, claimed this par- 
allel as the southern limit of the colony, which would have given Penn- 
sylvania a strip of land 43^ 26^^ in width south of Mason and Dixon's 
line, in that part of the state west of the western boundary of Mary- 
land. But Virginia, on the contrary, claimed that the boundary between 
the two states should be the parallel of 40° north latitude. This would 
have given to Virginia a strip 16^ 34^^ north of the present State line as 
far east as ihe western limits of Maryland. P>om tlie position of this 
line it will be seen that the claim of Virginia did not include Pittsburg, 
which is situated at 40° 26^ 34^^ north latitude, although that state con- 
tinued to claim jurisdiction over the territory around the head of the 
Ohio. 

The first practical step toward a definite settlement was taken in 
1779, by the appointment of George Bryan, John Ewing and David 
Rittenhouse, on the part of Pennsylvania, and Dr. James Madison and 
Robert Andrews, on the part of Virginia, as commissioners to meet in 
conference aird determine the boundary. Tiiey met at Baltimore, 
August 31st, 1779, where they made and subscribed to tlie following 
agreement: " We (naming the commissioners), do hereby mutually, 
in behalf of our respective states, ratify and confirm the following 
agreement, viz: To extend Mason and Dixon's line due west five degrees 
of latitude, to be computed from the Delaware, for the southern boun- 
dary of Pennsylvania, and that a meridian drawn Irom the western ex- 
tremity thereof to the northern limit of said state be the western boun- 
dary of said state forever." This agreement of the commissioners was 
ratified— upon certain conditions as to land titles— by the Virginia 



illiiii 
■ii illii 

■ iiisi IF 



'SSS^iiSSiHfninMn 



iiiiliiiii 



lii 



liiil!''! 




50 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



Legislature June 23d, 1780, and by the General Assembly of Pennsyl- 
vania on the 23d of September of the same year. All that now re- 
mained was to draw the boundary lines in accordance with the decision 
of the commission, and thus give the settlers an opportunity of know- 
ing to which State their allegiance was henceforth due. A joint com- 
mission was accordingly appointed by the two States, that performed its 
duty in the summer and fall of 1784, as far as regarded the southern 
line. The southern boundary being thus extended to its western ex- 
tremity, it only remained to run a meridian line from that point to the 
Ohio river to close the controversy with Virginia. This task was en- 
trusted to a commission that entered on its duty in May, 1785, and on 
the 23d of August united in the following report: "We, the subscrib- 
ers, commissioners appointed by the States of Pennsylvania and Vir- 
ginia, to ascertain the boundary between said States, do certify, that we 
have carried a meridian line from the southwest corner of Pennsylvania 
northward to the river Ohio, and marked it by cutting a wide vista over 
all the principal hills, intersected by said line, and by falling or deaden- 
ing trees, generally, through all the lower grounds. And we have like- 
wise placed stones, marked on the east side P and on the west side V, 
on most of the principal hills, and where the line strikes the Ohio; 
which stones are accurately placed in the true meridian, bounding the 
States aforesaid." Thus ended this protracted dispute, although it still 
required some time to adjust the details, especially upon the i)art of 
Virginia, 



CHAPTER V. 



WESTEKN PENNSYLVANIA DURING THE KEVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 



Extent of Settlements — Revolution Foreshadowed — Detroit a Source of Trouble to the Frontier — 
Affairs at Fort Pitt — General Hand at the Fort — Traitor* West of the Mountains — Broadhead's 
Expedition up the Allegheny — Lack of Supplies and Discontent — General William Irvine in 
Command — Aggressiveness of the Indians — ^^Surrender of Cornwallis — Growth of Population — 
Religion. 

Settlements continued to multiply in Western Pennsylvania, not- 
withstanding the disturbances through which it was passing. "Probably 
not less than fifty houses constituted the town at the commencement of 
1774. From Fort Pitt far up the Monongahela, and along man.y of its 
branches, were settlements. Upon eastern tributaries of the Ohio, and 
down that stream for more than a hundred miles were to be seen cabins 
of frontier men; but not a single settler had yet ventured across that 
river. Small cultiv^ated fields broke in upon the monotony of the 
wilderness for a short distance up the east side of the Allegheny from 
Pittsburg, while toward -the mountains, Forbes' road was, in general, 
the northern limit of civilized habitations." 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 51 



But there was to be no niouotouy in the life of the backwoodsmen 
while Fort Pitt must remain for a few years more, not only the' place of 
embarkation for the West, but a center of military operations. "The day 
of the Revolution now began to dawn. Quickly after the battle of Lexing. 
ton were the fires of patriotism lighted west of the mountains. The hearts 
of many of the backwoodsmen were soon aglow with enthusiasm for 
the cause of liberty. On the 16th of May, 1775, conventions were held 
at Pittsburg and Hanna's Town for citizens to give expression to their 
views and sentiments regarding the acts of the mother country, and 
to take initiatory steps toward providing for the common defense. The 
boundary troubles for the time were forgotten. In the fall a number of 
frontiermen enlisted for the Virginia service. The commencement of 
1776 found the trans- Allegheny settlements not greatly behind the sea- 
board in their determination to repel, by force of arms, aggressions of 
parliament and the king." The meeting held at Pittsburg passed a 
resolution in which they say that "this committee have the highest 
sense of the spirited behaviour of their brethren in New England, and 
do most cordially approve of their opposing the invaders of American 
rights and privileges to the utmost extreme, and that each member of 
this committee, respectively, will animate and encourage their neigh- 
borhood to follow the brave example." 

At the commencement of the struggle of the colonies for indepen- 
dence, the scattered settlements to the west of the mountains had little 
to fear from invading armies of Great Britain. Their dread was of a 
more merciless foe. Nor were their apprehensions groundless ; for, 
although the noted chief Kiyasuta declared on the part of the Six 
Nations and their allies at a conference held at Pittsburg, July 8th, 1776, 
that his people would not permit either the Americans or the English to 
lead an army through their country, still the influence of British gold 
and British traders and emissaries was not long in arraying the tribes 
of the north and west against the Americans. Treaties and explana- 
tions on the part of the United States were to little purpose. Painted 
and plumed warriors soon carried destruction and death to the dis- 
mayed frontiers — the direct result of a most ferocious policy, adopted by 
England in opposition to the advice of some of her best and ablest 
statesmen — "letting loose," in the language of Chatham, "the horrible 
hell-hounds of savage war" upon the exposed settlements. The deadly 
strife thus begun, was made up on the side of the Indians largely of 
predatory incursions of scalping parties; the tomahawk and scalping 
knife sparing neither age nor sex, while the torch laid waste the homes 
of the unfortunate bordermen. It is difficult fullj^ to appreciate the ap- 
palling dangers which beset the frontiers; for, to the natural ferocity of 
the savages, there was added the powerful support of Great Britain, 
lavish in her resources, whose western agents, especially at the com- 
mencement of the war, were noted for their zeal in obeying the behests 
of their government. 

The principal point of British power and influence in the northwest 
was Detroit, where Lieutenant Governor Henry Hamilton, who paid a 
bounty for scalps, but withheld it for prisoners, was in command. He was 



52 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



captured by the Virginiaus early in 1779, and Major A. S. De Peyster, a 
man zealous in carrying out the policy of his government, but of a more 
humane disposition, succeeded to the command of the post. The Indian 
depredations on the frontier drew their inspiration to a great extent 
from that post. 

The important post, however, of Fort Pitt was in possession of the 
Americans, and it continued the center of government authority and 
interest west of the AUeghenies during the revolutionary contest. In 
this district the military operations were almost wholly directed to the 
protection of the settlements. Expeditions, too, were made into the 
enemy's country, but were not always crowned with success. Captain 
John Neville, who was in command of F(»rt Pitt, tried to observe a 
strict neutrality with the Indians, but he had little influence with any 
except the Delawares. Hamilton, of Detroit, on the other hand, had as 
early as September, 1776, organized small parties of the savages against 
the scatt( red settlers on the Ohio and its branches, though the war on 
the western border was not fully inaugurated for nearly a year after. 

With a view of securing the friendship of the Indians, or at least 
their neutrality, Congress appointed commissioners to hold treaties with 
them at different agencies. Those appointed for Pittsburg met there in 
July, 1776, but were not able to get the tribes together until October. 
In September they thought a general Indian war inevitable, and ac- 
cordingly issued an order for the assembly of all the militia at Fort Pitt 
that could be spared for its defense. But the cloud blew over, and on 
the 8th of November Col. Morgan, the Indian agent for the Middle De- 
partment, wrote to John Hancock, president of Congress; "I have the 
happiness to inform you that the cloud which threatened to break over 
us is likely to disperse. The Six Nations with the Munsies, Delawares, 
Shawauese and Moh icons, who have been assembled here with their 
principal chiefs and warriors, to the number of six hundred and forty- 
four, have given the strongest assurance of their determination to pre- 
serve inviolate the peace and neutrality with the United States." But 
how long could they be trusted, especially while the western tribes were 
in the interests of the English? 

The winter of 1776-7 was spent in comparative quiet, in Fort Pitt, 
where Major Neville was still in command with his company of one 
hundred men. On the 23d of February, 1777, fourteen boat carpenters 
and sawyers arrived at the fort from Philadelphia, and were set to work 
on the Monongahela, fourteen miles above, where they built thirty large 
batteaux, forty feet long, nine feet wide and thirty-two inches deep, 
which were intended to transport troops in case it became necessary to 
invade the Indian country. A bitter feeling of hostility against the 
Indians existed in the minds of the whites, especially the Virginians; 
nor were they very careful to distinguish between friendly and un- 
friendly savages. On their part the Indians, especially the Mingoes, 
continued in small parties to harass the settlements. 

On the 1st of June, 1777, Brigadier General Edward Hand, of the 
Continental army, arrived at Fort Pitt and assumed command. Not 
long after his arrival he resolved on an expedition against the savages— 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 53 



seemingly a timely movement, for upon the last of July there had been 
sent out from Detroit to devastate the western settlements, fifteen parties 
of Indians, consisting of two hundred and eighty-nine braves, with 
thirty white officers and rangers. The extreme frontier line needing 
protection, on the north reached from the Allegheny mountains to Kit_ 
tanning, thence on the west down the Allegheny river and the Ohio to 
the Great Kanawha. The only posts of importance below Fort Pitt at 
that time were Fort Henry, at Wheeling, and Fort Randolph, at Point 
Pleasant. Rude stockades and block-houses were multiplied in the in- 
tervening distances and in the most exposed settlements, which were 
defended by small detachments from a Virginia regiment, also at least 
one independent company of Pennsylvanians, and by squads of militia 
on short tours of duty. Scouts likewise patrolled the country where 
danger seemed most imminent. But the wily savages frequently eluded 
their vigilance and fell with remorseless cruelty upon the homes of the 
borderers. The suffering from this mode of warfare was terrible. 

General Hand was of opinion that nothing but carrying the war 
into the enemy's country and destroying their towns could prevent the 
depopulation of the frontier. The Wyandots and Mingoes were the 
most troublesome. For the purposes of this expedition he demanded 
two thousand men from the western counties of Pennsylvania and Vir- 
ginia; but the requisition was not responded to with any degree of 
alacrity, although he succeeded in raising an army of eight hundred 
men, including the regulars at Forts Pitt and Randolph. Late in the fall 
having been deceived both as to the strength and spirit of the men, he 
was reluctantly forced to abandon the expedition. There was a lack of 
both men and supplies. One reason for the failure was a want of con- 
cert between the general and lieutenants and militia officers of the 
border counties. The boundary controversy also exercised a sinister in- 
fluence. The most he could do under such circumstances was to act on 
the defensive; and he wrote, about this time: "If I can assist the inhab- 
itants to stand their ground, I shall deem myself doing a good deal." 

The Indians became very bold down the Ohio in the fall of 1777, and 
the successes they met with placed the settlements in still greater dan- 
ger than they had been. Kittanning had been occupied by troops from 
the spring of that year, but Hand wrote to the commanding officer, 
Captain Samuel Moorhead, in the 14th of September: "Being convinced 
that, in your i^resent condition, your are not able to defend yourself 
much less to render the continent any service, you will withdraw from 
Kittanning, bringing everything away, leaving the houses and barracks 
standing." This evacuation caused the greatest alarm, and it was feared 
that the settlers would again be forced back till the mountains would 
become their western boundary. 

Strong susi^icions were entertained of some persons in the vicinity 
of Fort Pitt being in sympathy with the English, and some arrests were 
made; but most of those arrested were paroled. One of these, Alexan- 
der M'Kee, obtained a captain's commission from the British, and on 
the 28th of March, 1778, left Fort Pitt in company with Matthew 
Elliot and the Indian interpreter, Simon Girty, and joined the enemy. 



54 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



They exerted all their influence among the Indians to stir them up 
against the settlements, which caused the Americans no httle anxiety 
and trouble. Hand undertook several expeditions against the savages, 
but was not able to accomplish anything. In the spring of 1778, the 
commissioners for Indian affairs ordered the building of six large boats 
for the defense of the navigation between the military posts on the Ohio. 
On the 2d of May of this year Congress resolved to raise two regiments 
in Virginia and Pennsylvania to serve for one year, for the defense of 
the fro:itier. Aware that Detroit was the center from which all the 
trouble came, an expedition was planned against it, which was led by 
General Lachlan Mcintosh. He built a fort at the mouth of the Beaver 
river, which was named after himself, and leaving it, set out into the 
West, following Bouquet's route pretty closely. But the expedition did 
not meet with the success anticipated. 

On the 11th of August, 1779, Colonel Broadhead, who had been in 
command of the fort since the previous March, set out with six hundred 
men on an expedition against the Indians up the Allegheny. He went 
almost as far north as the State line, burned a number of towns and 
corn fields, and returned without the loss of a single man, reaching Fort 
Pitt on the 14th day of September. During the summer Fort Armstrong 
was built about two miles below Kittanning. On the 23d of June 
Broadhead wrote to Archibald Lochry, Lieutenant of Westmoreland 
county: "Lieut. Col. Bayard is at Kittanning, and will cover the 
frontier effectually;" and on the 31st of July, he wrote to Washington: 
"A complete stockade fort is erected at the Kittanning, and now called 
Fort Armstrong." 

It was the intention of Washington to have erected a fort at Kittan- 
ning much sooner, and also at Venango, as is seen from one of his letters 
to Col. Broadhead, dated March 22, 1779, in which the following passage 
occurs: "I have directed Col. Rawlings' corps, consisting of three com- 
panies, to march from Frederick to Fort Pitt, as soon as he is relieved 
by a guard of militia. Upon his arrival, you are to detach him with his 
corps and as many as will make up one hundred, should his company 
be short of that number, to take post at Kittanning, and immediately 
throw up a stockade fort for the security of the convoys. When this is 
accomplished, a small garrison is to be left there, and the remainder are 
to proceed to A^enango and establish another post of the same kind for the 
same purpose. The party is to go provided with proper tools from Fort 
Pitt, and Col. Rawlings is to be directed to make choice of good pieces 
of ground, and by all means to use every precaution against a surprise 
at either post." The fort at Venango was not, however, built till the 
year 1787, as we learn from Heart's Journal, in which it is stated that 
'in April, 1787, Captain Heart was ordered by Col. Harmer to the Ve- 
nango country, Pennsylvania, for the purpose of building a fort on 
French creek, near its mouth, about 150 miles above Pittsburg," (the 
distance is 124 miles.) "Heart arrived at his destination on the 11th or 
May, and immediately commenced the erection of an earthwork. This 
was completed in De(rember, 1787, and named Fort Franklin, in honor or 
the illustrious patriot, ])hiloso]>herand statesman, lienjamin Kranklin." 



OF^ ALLElGHENY COUNTY. 55 



But the frontier, as well as the rest of the country, had more enemies 
than the British and the Indians. Money is the sinews of war; and 
the depreciation of paper currency, or continental money, had by this 
time become a very serious burden on the people, and all over the 
country great ingenuity was exercised to discover a remedy. Among 
others the prices of things were fixed, and the traders especially came in, 
and with good reason, for a large share of the public odium, who "are now 
commonly known," as a meeting of the officers of the line and staff in 
the western department, held in Pittsburg in October, 1779, states "by 
the disgraceful epithet of speculators." It was also resolved at the 
meeting, "that a select committee be appointed to collect all papers, 
and get what information they can possibly obtain, relative to the regu- 
lations which may have taken place down the country, and by them 
endeavor to ascertain the price of goods as they ought to sell at this 
place, and lay them, with whatever matters they may conceive necessary, 
before the committee at the next meeting." The committee having 
been appointed, met on the 6th of October and declared, "that at the 
present enormous prices, unless dire and absolute necessity compels, to 
buy shall be deemed as criminal as to sell; and should the ti'aders refuse 
to sell at the regulated prices agreed on and fixed by this committee," 
they further "Resolved, that the commandant of the western depart- 
ment be waited upon by a committee, and earnestly requested for the 
good of the community, as well as the army, that said traders be imme- 
diately ordered to withdraw themselves and property from this post, 
being fully determined to have a reasonable trade or no trade, and live 
upon our rations and what our country can afford us; and should it be 
necessary, clothe ourselves with the produce of the forests, rather than 
live upon the virtuous part of the community to gratify our sanguinary 
enemies, and enrich rapacity; and as it is the unanimous opinion of this 
committee that the specious designing speculator is a monster of a deeper 
dye, and more malignant nature, than the savage Mingo in the wilder- 
ness, whose mischiefs are partial, while those occasioned by the specula- 
tors have become universal." Much more followed in the same strain, 
but the portions given are sufficient to show the depth and extent of the 
evil, and the feelings of utter abhorrence in which the traders were held. 
Mr. Craig remarks that "from the time of the meeting above referred to, 
we have no account of transactions here for several months." Col. Broad- 
head was still in command of Fort Pitt; an efficient officer and anxious 
to distinguish himself in the service of his country. But he found great 
difficulty in securing supplies for the garrison, as several of his letters to 
Washington and others about this time will amply prove. At a time 
when it was of great importance to keep on as good terms as possible with 
the Indians, who were still friends or neutrals, he could not but contrast 
the poverty of his resources with the plenty of the British. He says in 
one of his letters: "The Indian captains appointed by the British 
commandant at Detroit are clothed in the most elegant manner, and 
have many valuable presents made them. The captains I have ap- 
pointed by authority of ( -ongress, are naked and receive nothing but a 
little whiskey, for which they are reviled by the Indians in general, so 



56 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



that unless some kiud of a system is introduced, I must expect to see 
all the Indians in favor of the British, despite of every address in my 
power." 

Early in 1-781, Col. George Rodgers Clarke arrived at Fort Pitt on 
his way down the Ohio, in command of an expedition against the enemy 
in the West; and Broadhead, whose force then consisted of not more 
than two hundred men, was instructed by Washington to detach his 
field pieces, howitzers and train to join him. Fears were soon enter- 
tained that the Delawares, who were the most favorable to the Ameri- 
can cause, had declared in favor of the British and were marching 
against Fort Mcintosh. Fort Pitt was little better than a heap of ruins, 
while the garrison, ill fed and equipped, was in a sorry condition to 
repel an enemy, should the Indians take the fort below, and attack it. 
The militia of the department was without proper organization, and, 
when called into service, destitute, to a great extent, of military knowl- 
edge and discipline. 

"The civil government of the country was even in a worse state 
than the military, on account of the excitement regarding the boundary 
between Pennsylvania and Virginia. Both states before the war had 
asserted their claims to, and exercised an organized jurisdiction over, 
the disputed territory. As between the two commonwealths, the quarrel 
was brought to an end, virtually, in 1779; but bitter feelings still existed 
among the people — the line was not yet run. As a consequence of having 
long contemned the authority of a neigliboring state, many had come 
into open disrespect of their own. Hence there was a restlessness pre- 
vailing in the country, and a desire on the part of some to emigrate into 
the wilderness beyond the Ohio to form a new state." 

On the 29th of August, 1781, Broadhead wrote Washington: "The 
Maryland corps was stationed at a post on the frontier of Westmoreland 
county, and have in a body deserted and crossed the mountains. Indeed, 
I am afraid the other corps will soon follow, if their sufferings are not 
attended to." On the 6th of September he again wrote the commander- 
in-chief: " Col. Gibson still continues to counteract me, and the officers 
who favor his claim reject my orders, others refuse his, and things are 
in the utmost confusion." These unfortunate circumstances rendered 
it necessary to send some one else to take command; and after mature 
deliberation Washington wrote to General William Irvine, under date 
of May 8th, to proceed from Carlisle, where he then was, with all con- 
venient despatch to Fort Pitt, and assume conmiand. He arrived on the 
25th, and found the country people in a frenzy of excitement because 
of Indian raids. The garrisons of Forts Pitt and Mcintosh were in a 
state of mutiny, and Irvine had to exercise great firmness in restoring 
order. Soon the result was that two persons suffered the death pen- 
alty, while a number of others got "one hundred lashes well laid on," 
and a better state of affairs was the result. 

But brigbter days were dawning; the surrender of Cornwallis broke 
the power of the British, although Detroit, the instigator of Pittsburg's 
trouble, was for some time longer in their possession. Upon the recep- 
tion of this intelligence, the following order was issued: 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 57 



Fort Pitt, November 6th, 1781. 
* ^Fsiiole— General. Countersign— j^o^. 

"General Irvine lias the pleasure to congratulate the troops upon 
the great and glorious news. Lord Cornwallis, with the troops under 
his command, surrendered, prisoners of war, on the 19th* of October last, 
to the allied armies of America and France, under the immediate com- 
mand of his excellency General Washington. The prisoners amount 
to upwards of five thousand regular troops, near two thousand tories, 
and as many negroes, besides a number of merchants and other fol- 
lowers. 

"Thirteen pieces of artillery will be fired this day at 10 o'clock, in 
the fort, at wliicli time the troops will be under arms, with their colors 
displayed. The commissaries will issue a gill of whiskey, extraordinary, 
to the non-commissioned officers and privates, upon this joyful occa- 
sion." 

During the period embraced in this chapter the country around the 
head of the Ohio, east of that and the Allegheny river, began to be well 
settled, although it would be difficult to state with any degree of ac- 
curacy what the population was. Pittsburg, too, began more and more 
to assume the appearance of a town, though the population, exclusive 
of the garrison, would not probably exceed four hundred souls. 

No account has come down to us, beyond what was given in the 
last chapter, of the manner in which the spiritual necessities of the 
people were ministered to; and it can hardly be said that any congre- 
gations were as j^et organized. Nor w^ere the people sufficiently settled 
to devote attention to the education of their children in schools, 
although, doubtless, the subject of mental training was not wholly ne- 
glected.* 



CHAPTER VI. 



THE ERECTION AND ORGANIZATION^ OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



State of Affairs at Fort Pitt — Laying Out Pittsburg — Last Purchase from the Indians — Erection of 
Allegheny County — Location of County Seat — First Mewspaper, Market, School — Courts — 
Formation o fTownships — Boroughs — Allegheny, Elizabeth, McKeesport — Religion — Conclusion 

We cannot enter upon the history of the organization of Allegheny 
county, whose centenary is now the one theme on the tongues of half a 
million of her people, without a further glance at the state of affairs at 
Fort Pitt after the arrival of General Irvine, and the cessation of hostili- 



*JVIuch of the information contained in this chapter has been taken from Craig's History of 
Pittsburg s^nd Butter field's Washington-Irvine' s Correspondence. 

As 



58 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



ties between the Eugiish and Americans; for that cessation itself was 
hardly known to be permanent until considerable time had passed. 
Col. Broadhead had been superceded by his rival, Col. Gibson, a short 
time before thtfarrival of Gen. Irvine, and was now undergoing a trial, 
mainly, it would appear, for his extravagance in the use or waste of the 
public stores. Irvine wrote to General Washington in December, 1781 : 
"The consumption of public stores, in my opinion, has been enormous, 
particularly military stores, and I fear the reason for it will not be justi- 
fiable, viz: that the militia would all fly if they had not powder and 
lead given them, not only when in service, but to keep at their homes. 
* -5fr * -)5- I And that near 2,000 lbs. of lead and 4,000 lbs. of powder 
have been issued to the militia since the dispute between Cols. Broad- 
liead and Gibson, chiefly by orders of the former, besides arms, accoutre- 
ments, etc., and not a man called into active service." He spoke, at the 
same time, of the manner in which he had re-formed the companies of 
soldiers at the fort, and also of the failure of General Clarke's expedition, 
reference to which was made in the last chapter. He noted further the 
encouragement the savages would feel at this failure, andtheprobabihty 
of an attack being made on the frontier, seconded by the British, who 
were still in possession of Detroit. In view of this he thought that the 
site of Pittsburg was not the best for a fort, but that it should be at the 
mouth of Chartiers Creek. He writes Washington: "I have been 
viewing the country in this vicinity, and find no place equal for a post 
to the mouth of Chartiers Creek, about four miles down the river. 
Capt. Hutchins pointed that place out to me before I left Philadelphia, 
and says there is no place equal to it anywhere within forty miles of 
Fort Pitt. I think it best calculated on many accounts. First, the 
ground is such that works may be constructed to contain any number of 
men from 50 to 1,000. It is b5' nature almost inaccessible on three sides, 
and on the fourth no commanding ground withi n 3,000 yards. Secondly, 
as it would effectually cover the settlements on Chartiers Creek, the 
necessity for keeping a post at Fort Mcintosh w^ould, of course, cease. 
In case of making that the main post. Fort Pitt should be demolished, 
except the north bastion, on which a strong block-house should be 
erected. A small party on it would as effectually keep up connnunica- 
tion with the settlements on the Monongahela as the whole garrison 
now does, for the necessary detachments to Mcintosh, Wheeling, etc., 
so divide the troops that no one place can be lield without a large body 
of troops, indeed. I do not like Fort Mcintosh being kept a post in the 
present situation of things. If the enemy from Detroit should under- 
take to make us a visit, it would be an excellent place for tliem to take 
by surprise, from whence they could send out Indians and other par- 
tizans, and lay the whole country waste before we could dislodge tliem." 
Few passages in the early correspondence regarding Western Pennsyl- 
vania contain more practical wisdom than this; and the reader of our 
early annals will not fail to I'emember that the mouth of Chartiers 
Creek was the very spot upon which the Indians wanted the traders to 
erect a fort for theii* protection, before the breaking out of the Frencli 
war, though Washiugton thought, at the end of 1758, that it was not so 



OF^'ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 59 



well suited as the forks; but then he had in view to protect the mouth 
of the Monongahela from the French coming down the Allegheny. 
Still a fort at the forks could easily have been bombarded from any of 
the surrounding hills, without its being able to make an effectual de- 
fence. And when Fort Duquesne was finally taken there were not want- 
ing those who favored the erection of a fort on Boyd's Hill, overlook- 
ing the Monongahela, which, from the name of the principal advocate 
of the plan, was long known as Ayres' Hill; with a smaller fortification 
on the hill overlooking the Allegheny. Could an enemy have ap- 
proached with artillery. Fort Pitt could have made no defence at all. 

Indian depredations, insubordination to a greater or less extent 
among the soldiers, and the remaining shadows of the boundary dis- 
pute, left Western Pennsylvania in a very unsettled state for several 
years, and made the post of the commander at Fort Pitt one of no little 
i-esponsibility. The dispute between Cols. Broadhoad and Gibson was 
by no means quieted, and their partisans entertained bitter feelings. 
The Indians from Canada and New York still threatened to return and 
take possession of the forks; it may be truly said that it was a time 
when "there was no king in Israel." Major Ward, presumably the one 
who surrendered to Contrecoeur in 1754, laid claim to a place known as 
"the King's Orchard," which lay in immediate contact with the fort 
on the bank of the Allegheny; and in the assertion of the claim created 
uo little disturbance. But it would have been difficult to have found an 
officer better fitted for the trying position he occupied than Gen. Irvine. 
The recording of these troubles, however, becomes monotonous to the 
reader, and will not be further pursued. 

The adherence of the Penns to the British cause not only justified, 
but necessitated depriving them of the lands which, though they had 
received them from the crown, they had disposed of to a great extent 
to those who were engaged in an effort, justified by all laws human and 
divine, in throwing off" allegiance to the crown; and it was not fitting 
that persons whose interests it was to frustrate their laudable efforts 
should hold jurisdiction over them as governors, or have disposal of 
lands. Hence the charter was annulled by an Act of Assembly, dated 
November 27th, 1779, and, as compensation for the rights and posses- 
sions of which they were deprived, the Penns were to receive one hun- 
dred and thirty thousand pounds sterling, and were permitted to retain 
their manors. These "manors" were extensive tracts of land which had 
been surveyed at different times previously in various parts of the pro- 
vince, and were forty-four in number, aggregating 421,015 acres. 

In the fall of 1783 the proprietaries, John Penn, Jr., and John 
Penn, concluded to sell the lands within the Manor of Pittsburg. The 
first sale was made in .January of the following year, to Isaac Craig and 
Stephen Bayard, of all the ground between Fort Pitt and the Allegheny 
river, "Supposed to contain about three acres." Subsequently, to the 
date of that agreement, the proprietaries concluded to lay out a town at 
the junction of the rivers. This undertaking was completed by Thos. 
V^ickruy, of Bedford county, in June, and approved by Tench Francis, 
the attorney of the proprietaries, on the 30th of September, 1784. The 



60 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



boundary lines, were the two rivers and Grant and Eleventh streets, 
and the plan which appears to have been made by George Woods, 
under the direction of Vickroy, is commonly called " the Woods' Plan," 
or "the Old MiUtary Plan;" and, curiously enough, the chain by which 
it was measured was one-eighth of an inch to the foot too short, as sur- 
veyors at the present time are aware. Sales immediately connnenced^ 
and many applications for lots were made as soon as the survey was 
completed and before it had been traced on paper. 

General Irvine left Fort Pitt on the 1st of October, 1783, w^hen he 
turned over his command to a small continental force, his garrison 
having previously been furloughed, except a small detachment, and 
Major Marbury assumed command. Major Craig, one of the most public- 
spirited citizens of the town, made an effort, in connection with some 
others, to build a distillery near the fort, to be run by a windmill in- 
stead of by water, which should serve to do the grinding for it as well 
as for the inhabitants. He also tried to raise a subscription for a post 
rider, but the sums offered were not sufficient to iuvsure success, and it 
was abandoned for the present. 

The conclusion of the war between the United States and Great 
Britain gave a new stimulus to settlement, weakened the confidence of 
the Indians, and left a large body of trained warriors ready at any time 
to march against them in case of an outbreak; and though the natives 
were still restless on the frontier, and occasional depredations were com- 
mitted, the settlements enjoyed greater quiet than they had done before. 
One of the boldest of these depredations on the frontier was the burning 
of Hannastown, the seat of justice of Westmoreland county, on the 
13th of July, 1782. But the time had arrived for the extinction of the 
Indian title to all the territory of Pennsylvania. From the formation 
of Westmoreland county, February 26th, 1783, all Western Pennsylvania 
north of Washington county, and east and south of the rivers, belonged 
to Westmoreland. Its extent was to be still further increased. The last 
treaty held at Fort Stanwix, and the last in which Pennsylvania was 
interested, was in October, 1784, at which the commissioners of Penn- 
sylvania purchased the residue in the Indian lauds within the limits of 
our state, the deed for which was signed by the chiefs of the Six Nations 
on the 23d of that month. This purchase was confirmed by the Wyan- 
dot and Delaware Indians at Fort Mcintosh, by a deed executed by 
those Nations, dated January 21st, 1785. This last accession to lands was 
called by the whites the "New Purchase," and was added to Westmore- 
land county. 

Having gradually traced the territory embraced in this part of the 
state from the claim of the Indians, who were not, however, the first 
occupants, through those of France and Virginia to its present gov- 
ernment, and through the counties of Cumberland, Bedford, West- 
moreland and Washington, we are now prepared to treat intelligently of 
the erection and organization of Allegheny county, and the changes 
through which it was destined to pass till it was finally reduced to its 
present limits. 

The steady increase of population consequent on the conclusion 
of the Revolutionary War and the weakening of the power of the 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 61 



Indians, as well as the inconvenience of having the courts of law at 
so great a distance as Greensburg was from Pittsburg, the center of 
population for this district, impressed the people with the necessity of 
having a new county formed for the benefit of the people around the 
head of the Ohio. A petition was accordingly prepared and presented 
to the General Assembly, which was favorably received; and that body 
passed "An Act for the erection of certain parts of the counties of West- 
moreland and Washington into a separate county." 

Section I. of the Act states that "whereas the inhabitants of those 
parts of the counties of Westmoreland and Washington which lie most 
convenient to the town of Pittsburg, have by petition set forth that they 
have been long subject to many inconveniences, from their being situ- 
ated at so great a distance from the seat of judicature in their respective 
counties, and that they conceive their interests and happiness would be 
greatly promoted by being erected into a separate county, comprehend- 
ing the town of Pittsburg; and as it a^Dpears just that they should be 
relieved in the premises, and gratified in their reasonable request; 

"Section II. Be it enacted, and it is hereby enacted by the Repre- 
sentatives of the Freemen of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in 
General Assembly met, and by ihe authority of the same, that all those 
parts of the counties of Westmorelancf and Washington lying within 
the limits and bounds hereinafter described, shall be, and hereby are 
erected into a separate coimty: that is to say, beginning at the mouth of 
Flaherty's Run, on the south side of the Ohio river, from thence by a 
straight line to the plantation on which Joseph Scott, Esq., now lives, 
on Montoure's Run, to include the same; from thence by a straight line 
to the mouth of Miller's Run on Chartiers Creek; thence by a straight 
line to the mouth of Perry's Mill Run, on the east side of the Monon- 
gahela river; thence up the said river to the mouth of Beckets Run; 
thence by a straight line to the mouth of Sewickley Creek, on the Youghio- 
gheny river; thence down the said river to the mouth of Brush Run, on 
Turtle Creek; thence up Turtle Creek to the main fork thereof; thence by a 
northerly line until it strikes Poketos Creek; thence down the said creek to 
the mouth of the Allegheny river; thence up the Allegheny river to the 
northern boundary of the State, thence along the same to the river 
Ohio; and thence up ihe same to the place of beginning * * * * to 
be thenceforth known and called by the name of Allegheny county." 
The other sections of the act relate to .the offices, privileges, duties, etc., 
of the inhabitants of the newly formed county. From these boundaries 
it will be seen that Allegheny county at that time embraced all the ter- 
ritory north and west of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, with a large 
tract east and south of those streams. Benjamin Franklin was at that 
time President of the Supreme Executive Council, as the chief executive 
of the State was at that time called; but owing to his advanced age and 
infirmities, the greater part of the business devolved upon the Vice 
President, Peter Muhlenberger. 

The boundaries of the county were still further extended by the an- 
nexation of a considerable tract from the northern part of Washington 
county, which was authorized by an act bearing date September 17th, 



I 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



1789, the first section of which declares that, " whereas the inhabit- 
ants of that part of the county of Washington which is incUided in 
the boundaries hereinafter mentioned, have by their petition repre- 
sented to this House their remote situation trom tlie seat of justice, and 
prayed to be annexed to the county of Allegheny; and tlie prayer of the 
petitioners appearing just and reasonable," it is enacted by section 
secoud tliat the territory bounded by the following lines shall be in- 
cluded in Allegheny county, namely: "Beginning at the Ohio river, 
where the boundary line of the state crosses the said river; from thence 
in a straight line to White's mill, on Raccoon Creek ; from tlience by a 
straight line to Armstrong's mill, on Miller's run, and from thence by a 
straight line to the Monongahela river, opposite the mouth of Perry's 
run." The fourth section of the act authorizes and directs Peter Kidd 
and John Beaver to survey and mark the line of the tract; for which 
they are to receive twenty-flve shillings per day, " and no more," to be 
paid by Allegheny county. The triangular piece of land bordering on 
Lake Erie, and consisting of 202,181 acres, was purchased from the 
LTnited States by Pennsylvania, for the sum of 1151,640.25, Or 75 cents 
per acre, March 3d, 1792, and added to Allegheny county. With this 
addition the county reached its maximum area. 

The county having been erecfed, the next step was the location of 
the county seat, and the erection of the necessary buildings. While 
Pittsburg would appear, on account of its population and growing im- 
portance, to have been the proper place for the seat of justice, the oppo- 
site side of the Allegheny was preferred, from the fact that the btate 
owned a large tract of land there, and the ground was not so hilly as 
Pittsburg was at that time. And here it will be necessary for us to 
pause and retrace our steps a few years to inquire how the state came 
into possession of that tract. It was a part of the purchase of 1784 by 
which the claim of the Indians to the soil of our state was extinguished. 
Says Judge Agnew: "The Commonwealth having become the sovereign 
proprietor of all the lands within the state, and intending and antici- 
pating the purchase of the Indian title, provided by an act of the 25th 
of March, 1783, for the appropriation of all that portion of the purchase 
of 1784 and 1785, north of the Ohio and west of the Allegheny river and 
the Conewango creek, by dividing the same into two large and separate 
sections. These were: 1st. For the redemption of the Certificates of 
Depreciation given to the oflficers and soldiers of the Pennsylvania line, 
in pursuance of an act of the 18th of December, 1780, providing that the 
certificates should be equal to gold or silver, in payment of unlocated 
lands, if the owners should think proper to purchase such. 2d. In 
fulfillment of the promise of the state, in a resolution of March 7th, 1780, 
to the officers and soldiers of the Pennsylvania line, to make them cer- 
tain donations in lands according to their rank in the service. 

"The act of the 12th of March, 1783, therefore, divided this territory 
by a due west line, running from Mogulbughtiton creek, "^ on the Alle- 
gheny river above Kittanning, (probably Pine creek), to the western 



*Mogalbughtitoii is Mahoning c'cq.qV —Denny's Military Journal . (pp. 115, 1I7), who calls it 
Mohelboteetam. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 63 



boundary of the Btate. The course of the line runs between seven and 
eight miles south of the present city of New Castle." The line was run 
no further than the Beaver river, as the western boundary of the state 
had not at that time been marked. " The land south of this boundary 
was appropriated to the redemption of the Depreciation Certificates, and 
became known as the ' Depreciation Lands.' Out of this section were 
reserved to the state two tracts of 3000 acres each ; one at the mouth of 
the Allegheny, where the city of Allegheny now stands, the other at 
the mouth of Big Beaver creek on both sides, including Fort Mcintosh 
(now Beaver). The land north of the line above described was appro- 
priated to the donations to the soldiers of the Pennsylvania line for 
their services in the Revolutionary war, and became known as the 
' Donation Lands. ' ' ' 

The opinion of Gen. William Irvine, the agent appointed by the 
state to explore and examine the Donation Lands, will be curious and 
iuteregting to the people living on those lands to-day. He reports that he 
found the land north of the line of the Depreciation Lands, and east- 
ward from the path from Fort Pitt to the mouth of French Creek, begin- 
ning about forty miles above Fort Pitt, is pretty good for about five or 
six miles; thence to the Allegheny river, about twenty-five miles due 
east, no land was fit for cultivation. In consequence of this report the 
Supreme Executive Council of the State left out of the wheels by which 
the lots were disposed of the lots within that section. The section was for 
that reason called the "Struck District." Yet much of the land is as good 
for agricultural purposes as the rest, while for oil and natural gas it is 
one of the richest territories in the world. 

The tract of three thousand acres reserved by the state, opposite Fort 
Pitt, was to be surveyed in an oblong of not less than one mile in depth 
from the Allegheny and Ohio rivers, and extending up and down the 
said rivers from opposite Fort Pitt so far as may be necessary to include 
the requisite number of acres. The survey was made by Alexander 
McClean, in April, 1785, in pursuance of an order to make the survey 
before the other lands were surveyed. The northern boundary began 
on the right bank of the Ohio river, nearly opposite the mouth of Char- 
tiers' creek, and ran east, nine hundred and seventy-two perches to a 
h ickory tree, north eighty perches to a sassafras, east two hundred and 
twenty-nine and a half perches to a mulberry, north six perches to a 
post and a stone on the bank of Girty's run, thence down Girty's run's 
several courses— in all one hundred and twenty-two perches— to the 
Allegheny river. The two rivers constituted the remaining boundaries. 
The subjoined remarks of David Redick, who was then a man of mark 
in Western Pennsylvania, will strike the inhabitants of the fair and 
flourishing sister city as somewhat amusing, to say the least. Writing 
to President Franklin under date of February 19th, 1787, he says in his 
peculiar style and orthography: " On Tuesday last I went with several 
gentlemen to fix on the spot for laying out the town opposite Pittsburg, 
and at the same time took a general review of the track, and find it far 
inferior to expectations, although I thought I had been no stranger to 
it. There is some pretty good low ground on the rivers Ohio and Alio- 



64 CENTENNIAL ' HISTORY 



ghania, but there is a small proportion of dry land which appears any 
way valuable, either for timber or soil, but especially for soil, it abounds 
with high hills, deep hollows, almost inaccessible to a surveyor. I am 
of the opinion that if the inhabitants of the moon are capable of receiv- 
ing the same advantages from the earth which we do from their world, 
I say, if it be so, this same far-famed track of land would aiford a 
variety of beautiful lunar spots, not unworthy the eye of a philosopher. 
I cannot think that ten acre lots on such pitts and hills will profitably 
meet with purchasers, unless, like a pig in a poke, it be kept out of 
view." 

When, by an Act dated September 11th, 1787, the lands of this reser- 
vation were ordered to be put up for sale, it was decreed that " the 
President or Vice-President in Council shall reserve out of the lots of 
the said town, for the use of the state, so much land as they shall deem 
necessary for a court-house, for places of public worship and burying 
the dead; and within the said town one hundred acres for a common of 
pasture." The VIII. Section of the Act for the erection of Allegheny 
county directed the trustees of the county to choose lots on the reserved 
tract, opposite Pittsburg, for a court-house and prison. But the country 
beyond the Allegheny being then uninhabited and subject to Indian in- 
cursions, a Supplement to this Act was passed April 13th, 1791, repeal- 
ing so much of it as authorized the trustees therein named to erect a 
court-house and prison on any part of the reserved tract opposite the 
town of Pittsburg. Section II. authorized and required ' 'George Wallace, 
Devereux Smith, William Elliott, Jacob Bousman and John Wilkins, 
or any three of them, to purchase and take assurance in the name of 
the Commonwealth, for the use and benefit of the county of Allegheny, 
of some convenient piece of ground in the town of Pittsburg, and there- 
upon to erect a court-house and prison, sufficient for the public purposes 
of the said county." And the same Act authorizes them to draw on the 
county commissioners for the necessary funds. Such were the pro, 
visions made for the location of the public buildings of the new county. 
And it will be proper for us to pause and inquire into the growth at that 
time of the town that was to contain the infant court-house and prison 
of which at the present day we are privileged to witness the full-grown 
successors. 

At the close of 1784 Arthur Lee visited Pittsburg and left an account, 
by no means flattering, of its condition and prospects. He says: "Pitts- 
burg is in habited almost entirely by Scots and Irish, who live in paltry log 
houses, and are as dirty as in the north of Ireland, or even Scotland. There 
is a great deal of small trade carried on, the goods being brought at the vast 
expenses of forty-five shillings per cwt. from Philadelphia and Balti- 
more. They take in the shops money, wheat flour and skins. There 
are in the town four attorneys, two doctors, and not a priest of any 
persuation, nor church, nor chapel; so that they are likely to be damned, 
without the benefit of clergy. The rivers encroach fast on the town, 
and to such a degree, that, as a gentleman told me, the Allegheny had 
in thirty years of his memory carried away one hundred yards. The 
place, I believe, will never be very considerable." 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 65 



A description of Pittsburg and vicinity was written for tlie first 
number of tlie Gazette^ by H. H. Breclienridge, in July, 1786, but it is 
considerably overdrawn. Among other things he says: " The town of 
Pittsburg, as at present built, stands chiefly on what is called the third 
bank; that is, the third rising of the ground above the Allegheny 
water. For there is the first bank, which confines the river at the 
present time; and about three hundred feet removed is a second, like the 
falling of a garden; then a third at the distance of about three hundred 
yards; and, lastly, a fourth bank, all of easy inclination, and parallel 
with the Allegheny river. * * «- * The town consists at present of 
about a hundred dwelling houses, with buildings appurtenant. More 
are daily added, and for some time past it has improved with an equal 
but continual pace. The inhabitants, children, men and women, are 
about fifteen hundred; this number doubling almost every year, from 
the accessions of people from abroad, and from those born in the town." 
Another estimate, which, on account of the particulars it gives, appears 
more deserving of credit, says: "Pittsburg, in 1786, contained thirty- 
six log houses, one stone and one frame house, and five small stores." 
Dr. Hildredth, of Marietta, who passed through the town in 1788, 
writes: "Pittsburg then contained four or five hundred inhabitants, 
several retail stores, and a small garrison of troops was kept in old Fort 
Pitt. * ^- * * The houses were chiefiy built of logs, but now and 
then one had assumed the appearance of neatness and comfort." 

The first newspaper west of the mountains, the Gazette^ was estab- 
lished on the 29th of July, 1786. A mail route to Philadelphia was 
established in the fall of the same year, and the reader will no doubt be 
pleased to learn that the receipts for the year ending October 1, 1790, . 
netted $110.99. A market house was built in 1787, atthecorner of Market 
street and Second avenue, and regular market days appointed. On the 
29th of September, of the same year, an Act was passed by the Legisla- 
ture for the establishment of an academy, or public school, and the im- 
portant work of education was begun. Such may be taken to repre- 
sent as fair a picture of Pittsburg's position and population as it is possi- 
ble to draw at the time of the erection of the county. It now remains 
to speak of its organization. 

Before the settlement of the boundary dispute the Earl of Dun- 
more, governor of that colony, organized the first courts of the West 
Augusta District, to which Pittsburg belonged, in December, 1774, at 
Fort Pitt. According to the extant records, the first court held there 
convened February 21st, 1775, and the next day a ducking-stool for the 
district was erected at the confluence of the two rivers. The last court 
held at the fort was on November 20th of the year following. In the 
meantime a primitive court-house had been built for Augusta county at 
"Augusta Town," a prospective village about two miles west of the site 
of the present Washington. After the formation of Youghioghania 
county, November 8th, 1776, the seat of justice was restored to Fort Pitt, 
where the first court was held December 23d, 1776. Justice continued to 
be administered there until August 25th, of the next year, when the 
blind goddess removed her home to the house of Andrew Heath, on the 



I 



66 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 

west side of the Monongahela river, a short distance above the present 
town of P^lizabeth. At the end of two months the courts began to be 
convened "at the new court-house on the plantation of Andrew Heath," 
as the records informs us. Here they were held till 1781. The selection 
of this site affords an interesting picture of the manner in which our 
forefathers transacted business. Says the historian of Washington 
county: "The electors were required to meet on the 8th of December, 
1776, at the house of Andrew Heath, on the Monongahela river, to 
choose the most convenient place for holding courts, for the county of 
Youghioghania. Notices of the election were to be given by the sheriff, 
ministers and rectors. * -^ * '^ The electors met at the appointed 
time and selected the farm of Andrew Heath as the most convenient 
place. '■^' "^' * * The court directed Thomas Smallman, John Canon 
and John Gibson, or any two of them, to provide a house at the public 
expense for the use of holding the court, and that the sheriff contract 
with the workmen to put the same in repair. * * * * On the 24th 
of June, 1778, the court ordered Col. William Crawford and David 
Shepherd to lay out the prison bounds, and make a report. * -:^ * * 
On the 24th of November Messrs. Kuykendall and Newall were author- 
ized to contract with some persons to junk and daub the court-house 
and provide locks and bars for the doors of the jail, and to build an ad- 
dition to the eastern end of the court-house and jail sixteen feet square, 
and one story high, with good, sufficient logs, a good cobber roof, a good 
outside chimney, with convenient seats for the court and the bar, witli 
a sheriff's box, a good iron-pipe stove for the jail room, and that they 
have a pair of stocks, a whipping-post and pillory erected in the court 
yard." 

The settlement of the boundary dispute, soon after, put an end to 
the jurisdiction of Virginia in the territory of Allegheny county; and 
we shall accordingly turn our attention to the courts of Pennsylvania. 

The first court held under the authority of Pennsylvania in which 
the inhabitants of the western part of the state were interested was 
convened at Bedford b'efore the erection of Westmoreland county, on 
the 16th of April, 1771. The pioneers were represented by George 
Wilson, William Crawford, Thomas Gist and Dorsey Pentecost, who 
were Justices of the Peace and Judges of the Court. The court divided 
the county into townships, and Pitt township, as we have seen, em- 
braced nearly the whole of Allegheny county. There were at that time 
fifty-two land owners, twenty tenants and thirteen single freemen. 
With the erection of Westmoreland county', two years later, jurisdiction 
over all the western part of the state was transferred to it. The county 
seat was Hnnnastown, on the old Forbes' road, about three miles north- 
east of Greensburg, although some of the trustees at the time of the se- 
lection preferred Pittsburg. Justice was first administered there on the 
6th — or, as some authorities will have it, on the 13th of April, 1773, by 
William Crawford as president judge. Poor Crawford! After giving 
U}) his allegiance to Pennsylvania, as has already been stated, and 
taking an active part in Virginia's side of the boundary controversy, he 
led an expedition against the Wyandot and Delaware Indians in June, 



OP^ ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 67 



1782, was defeated, taken prisoner, and, after cruel torture, burnt at the 
stake. At the burning of Hannastown by the Indians the house in 
which court was held escaped, and court was held there until October, 
1786, when the county seat was transferred to Greensburg, where tlie 
first court convened in January, 1787. But with the erection of AllC' 
gheny county a new seat of justice was established. 

The first officer named for the new county was the prothonotary, 
James Bryson, who was chosen September 25th, 1788, the day after the 
erection of the county. On the 29th Samuel Jones was commissioned 
registrar for the probate of wills, and granting letters of administration 
and recording of deeds. He was at the same time commissioned a Jus- 
tice of the Court of Common Pleas. The next day General Richard 
Butler was chosen Lieutenant. October 8tli George Wallace was ap- 
pointed President of the Court of Common Pleas and quarter session of 
the peace, of jail delivery and of the Orphan's Court. With him were 
associated John Metzgar, Michael Hillman and Robert Ritchie, who 
were Judges until the reorganization under the state constitution of 
1790. On the 21st of November of the same year, 1788, John Johnston 
and Abraham Kirkpatrick were appointed and commissioned J ustices 
of the Peace and of the ('ourt of Common Pleas ; and at the same time 
Richard Butler and William Tilton were named Justices of the Court 
of Common Pleas. 

The division of the county into townships for the better govern- 
ment of the increasing population was a matter of the first importance, 
and early engaged the attention of the court. On the 18th of December, 
1788, the court, consisting of George Wallace, President, and Joseph 
Scott, John Johnston and John Williams, Justices, divided the county 
into the following seven townships, namely: Moon, St. Clair, Mifflin, 
Elizabeth, Versailles, Plumb and Pitt. But the boundaries of these 
townships have been so changed by sub-division and the formation 
of new townships that a description of them would not be of interest to 
the reader at the present day ; suffice it to say, that the action of the 
court was confirmed by the General Assembly under Thomas Mifflin, 
President, September 4th, 1789. Of equal importance to the division of 
the county into townships, was its division into election districts. There 
having been only one, at Pittsburg, a second and third were established 
by an act of September 29th, 1789. John Griffln was appointed 
Collevjtor of Excise for the counties of Allegheny and Westmoreland ; 
but he declined to serve, and Robert Hunter was named in his stead 
September 16th, 1789. James Morrison was appointed Sheriflf, and 
David Watson Coroner October 30th, of the same year. The first court 
for the new county was held December 16th, 1788, the particulars of 
which will be found in another part of this history ; and the county 
was fairly launched into the stormy sea of the world. The Whisky 
Insurrection of 1791 disturbed its tranquility for a time, but the great 
. source of uneasiness, the Indians, was put to its final rest by the signal 
defeat of the western tribes under General Wayne in August, 1794. 

At the 'date of the erection of Allegheny county the county was 
fairly well settled, and here and there villages began to spring up, a few 



68 (CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



of which are deserving of a passing notice. Principal among tliese 
was Alleglieny, which was laid out under an Act of General Assembly, 
approved September 11th, 1787, and it was surveyed most probably 
early in the following year. It was exactly square, contained one 
hundred lots, each sixty by two hundred and forty feet, with out-lots 
and commons ; but during the period included in this part of our his- 
tory, it could hardly be said to have sprung at all into life. The lots 
were sold by the state in the fall of 1788 and purchased largely by Revolu- 
tionary soldiers. 

Elizabeth or Elizabethtown, as it was originally called, is the oldest 
town in the county, except Pittsburg. The original owner of the ground 
upon which the town is built w^as Thomas Monroe, who obtained a 
patent for it in 1769. In 1784 Colonel Stephen Bayard purchased the 
land and laid out the town, naming it Elizabeth, in honor of his wife. 
In its early history it obtained a measure of notoriety for boat building. 
No town in the county, however, has a luore interesting history 
than McKeesport. Before the Indians had yielded possession to the 
whites, they had a village there, the home of the noted Queen 
Aliquippa. Her royal highness took offence at George Washington for 
not calling to see her when on his way to the French posts in the 
northern part of the state in December, 1753. But on his return he 
made amends, as he says in his journal : "I made her a present of a 
watch-coat and a bottle of rum, which latter was thought much the 
better present of the two." Soon after the expulsion of tlie French 
from the valley of the Ohio David McKee, a Scotch Presbyterian, 
settled there, started a skilf ferry, for which he obtained a charter in 
1769, and the place which had long been known as "the forks of the 
Yough" was named McKee's Ferry. In 1794 John McKee, a son of the 
original proprietor, had the plan of a town, which consisted of about 
two hundred lots, regularly laid out. The price of lots was twenty dol- 
lars, and the deeds were made by lottery for choice of position. Each 
person was to pay ten dollars when he purchased his ticket, and the 
remainder when his purchase was located and his deed secured. On 
the 26th of March, 1795, he sold one hundred and eighty lots, but had 
as yet given no name to the town, and it was not till November of 
the same year that the name McKee's Port was finally settled upon, a 
name which ere long assumed its present form. As an incentive for 
parties to locate in the town, it was told them that the place was "twelve 
miles nearer to Philadelphia than Pittsburg." 

Religious services were held at distant intervals at several places in 
the county ; but details are so meager as to be almost entirely wanting. 
As regards Pittsburg — and its condition may safely be taken as a 
criterion by which to judge the rest — we have the following sorry pic- 
ture by John Wilkins, who came to the town in 1783. "When I first 
came here," he writes, "I found the place filled with old officers and 
soldiers, followers of the army, mixed with a few families of credit. All 
sorts of wickedness were carried on to excess, and there was no appear- 
ance of morality or regular order." It is stated in the Qazcttc of August 
19th and 26th, 1786, that there was one clergyman of the Calvanistic 



OP ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 69 



faith in tlie city ; that a German Lutheran occasionally preaclied there, 
and that a cliurch of squared timber and moderate dimensions is on 
tlie way to be built. On the 26th of September, 1787, an Act was passed 
by the Legislature of Pennsylvania, incorporating the Presbyterian 
congregation of the town of Pittsburg, among the trustees of which 
was Rev. Samuel Barr, the first resident minister. The German Re- 
formed congregation claims to have been organized in 1782. Some, at 
least, of the other religious denominations were doubtless represented, 
but not in sufficient numbers to justify an independent organization. 
With the signal defeat of the Indians, by General Wayne, their power 
was forever broken in Western Pennsylvania and beyond, and the 
country west of the Allegheny river began to be rapidly settled. The 
necessity of further sub-division of the vast territory of Allegheny 
county became daily more apparent, and an Act was accordingly passed 
March 12th, 1800, dividing it, and forming from it Armstrong, Beaver, 
Butler, Craw^ford, Erie, Mercer, Venango and Warren counties. With 
this division Allegheny was reduced to its present limits and area of 750 
square miles. It would be difficult to estimate the population of the 
county after this reduction of its extent; but the official returns place 
the number of taxables in the year 1800 at 4,024, which would represent 
a population of about 20,000 souls. Such was Allegheny county at the 
beginning of the last decade of the past century; unimportant, indeed, 
yet already giving unmistakable signs of future industry, wealth and 



PART II 



From the: Ykar 1790 T11.1. thk Pricsknt Timk. 



BY JUDGE J. W. F. WHITE. 

In continuing the history of the county from its organization to the 
present in the limited space allowed, nothing more can be expected than 
the briefest reference to the leading events, and a glance at the growth 
and development of industries. The statistical department of the work 
has been committed to another hand and will be found elsewhere in 
this volume. 

ORGANIZATION AND TERRITORY. 

The county was organized by Act of the General Assembly of Sep- 
tember 24th, 1788, from the counties of Westmoreland and Washington. 
An additional strip from Washington county was added by Act of Sep- 
tember 17th, 1789. The boundaries as thus fixed were as follows: Be- 
ginning on the Ohio river, where the boundary of the state crosses the 
river ; thence in a straight line to White's Mill on Racoon Creek ; 
thence by a straight line to Armstrong's Mill, on Miller's Run ; thence 



70 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



by a straight line to the Monongahela river, opposite the mouth of 
Perry's Run ; thence up said river to the mouth of Becket's Run ; 
thence by a straight line to the mouth of Sewickley Creek, on the 
Youghiogheny river ; thence down said river to the mouth of Craw- 
ford's Run ; thence by a straight line to the mouth of Brush Creek, on 
Turtle Creek ; thence up Turtle Creek to the main fork thereof ; thence 
by a northerly line until it strikes Puckety's Creek ; thence down said 
creek to the Allegheny river ; thence up said river to the northern 
boundary of the state ; thence along the same to the western line of 
tlie state ; thence along the same to the Ohio river. 

Originally Pennsylvania had no harbor on Lake Erie, the north- 
west corner of the state merely touching the lake. To obtain a harbor, 
the state purchased in 1789 the Erie triangle, having a base of about 
fortj^ miles along the northern boundary, and about twenty miles 
along the New York line, including the town and harbor of Erie. 
This triangle, by act of April 3d, 1792, was added to Allegheny county. 

The county of Allegheny, as thus constituted, embraced the por- 
tions taken from Westmoreland and Washington, south of the Ohio and 
east of the Allegheny, and all the vast region lying between the Ohio 
river and Lake Erie, and from the Allegheny river to the state of 
Ohio. 

At that time this region was mainly a wilderness. There were four 
forts — at Beaver, Franklin, Erie and the head of French Creek — and 
trading posts at these and other points had been established, but there 
were very few settlements. The Indian title was not extinguished until 
1784, and none of the lands opened for settlement or purchase until 1785. 

When the county was organized there was but one voting place for 
the whole territory — in the town of Pittsburg. In 1789, by act of Sep- 
tember 29th, a second election district was formed of the territory be- 
tween the Monongahela and Youghiogheny river, to vote at house of 
David Robinson ; a third, by act of September 29th, 1789, of Plum and 
Versailles townships, to vote at house of Matthew Simpson ; a fourth, 
by act of September 30, 1791, at house of Col. Samuel Wilson, of the 
territory of Flaugherty's Run (south of the Ohio river) to state line; a 
fifth, by act of March 22d, 1793, of Mifflin and part of St. Clair town- 
ships, at John Reed's house ; a sixth, by act of April 13th, 1795, from 
(yhartiers Creek down to Miller's Run, at Henry Noble's house, in 
"Noblesburgh ;" the seventh, by act of March 21st, 1797, of Irwin and 
Mead townships (the first in the new territory), to vote at the block 
house, in "Mead-borough;" the eighth, by act of April 4th, 1799, of 
Erie township, at James Baird's house, in town of Erie. By two acts 
of April 8th, 1799, eight other election districts were formed — of 
Middlesex township, at Andrew McClure's house ; part of Erie triangle, 
at Timothy Tutle's house ; tract adjoining "Ijittle Conioff Lake," at 
John McGunnigle's house; along Lake Erie at northwest corner, at 
Thomas Hamilton's, in town of Lexington ; one at the south of the 
southeast corner of the triangle ; one at the east of the southeast 
corner of the triangle, at Wm. Miles' house ; another south of the above 
at James Buchanan's house, and another on the Ohio state line at 
David Sample's house. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 71 



By act of March 12th, 1800, the territory was divided, forming 
eight new counties, although all were not immediately organized as in- 
dependent counties— Beaver, Butler, Mercer, Crawford, Erie, Warren, 
Venango and Armstrong. A part of Washington county was included 
in Beaver, a part of Westmoreland and Lycoming in Armstrong, and 
a part of Lycoming in Warren and Venango, leaving Allegheny county 
with its present boundaries, except a small portion included in Indiana 
county by act of March 12th, 1803. 

In the original act of September 24th, 1788, trustees were appointed 
to lay off ground in the reserve tract opposite Pittsburg (now AUeghenj^) 
and select lots for public buildings, court house and jail. That part was 
repealed by act of April 13th, 1791, and five trustees were appointed- 
George Wallace, Devereux Smith, William Elliott, Jacob Bousman, 
and John Wilkins— to purchase a lot in the "town of Pittsburg," and 
"erect a court house and prison sufficient for the public purposes of 
said county." 

At the first term of court after the act of September 24th, 1788, the 
county was divided into seven townships; Moon^ St.Clair and Mifflin ^m- 
braced the territory on the south' of the Ohio river and west of the Monon- 
gahela, that is, all between those rivers and Washington county ; Eliza- 
beth township embraced all between the Monongahela and Youghio- 
gheny rivers ; Versailles and Plum embraced the upper portion along 
the Westmoreland line from the Youghiogheny to the Allegheny river; 
Pitt township included the town and extended some distance up both 
rivers, and embraced all the region lying north andivestof the Ohio and 
Allegheny. Before 1800 seven other townships were formed ; two on the 
south-side, Fayette, in 1790, and Robinson, in 1799 ; and five, north of 
the rivers — Deer, Indiana, Ohio, Ross and Pine — formed about 1796. 

Pittsburg was incorporated a borough in 1794, and a city in 1816, 
with the same boundary, to wit. Beginning at the confluence of the 
two rivers, thence up the Monongahela 295 perches to the mouth or 
"Sook's" Run; thence north, 30 degrees east, 150 perches to a post in 
Andrew Watson's field ; thence north, 19 degrees west, 150 perches to the 
Allegheny river; thence down tlie river 315 perches to the place of be- 
ginning. The city was extended under various acts of Assembly, ab- 
sorbing the boroughs of Birmingham, Northern Liberties, Lawrence- 
ville. South Pittsburg, East Birmingham, West Pittsburg, Mononga- 
hela, . Temperance ville, Mt. Washington, Ormsby, Union, AUentown 
and St. Clair, and the townships of Pitt (or what was left of it), Peebles, 
Oakland, Collins and Liberty. 

Allegheny was incorporated a borough in 1828 and a city in 1840. 
Its boundaries were extended at difierent times, absorbing the boroughs 
of Manchester and Duquesne, and the township of McClure and part of 
Reserve. 

Other boroughs were incorporated and townships formed, as follows: 

Boroughs. — Bellevue in 1867, Beltzhoover in 1875, Braddock inl867, 
Chartiers in 1872, Coraopolis in 1886, Elizabeth in 1834, Etna in 1868, 
Glen field in 1875, (^reen Tree in 1885, Homestead in 1880, Knox ville in 
1877, Mansfield in 1872, Millvale in 1868, McKeesportin 1842, Osborn in 



72 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 

1881, lle^'Doklton in 1886, Sewickley in 1853, Sharpsburg in 1841, Spring 
Garden in 1883, Tareiitum in 1842, Verona in 1871, West Bellevue in 
1874, West Elizabeth in 1848, West Liberty in 187G, and Wilkinsburg in 
887. 

Townships.— Aleppo in 1876, Baldwin in 1844, Bethel in 1886, Char- 
tiers in 1851, Collier in 1875, Crescent in 1855, East Deer in 1836, Fawn in 
1857, Findley in 1820, Forward in 1869, franklin in 1823, Hampton in 
1861, Harmar in 1875, Harrison in 1863, Jefferson in 1828, Killbuck in 
1869, Leet in 1869, Lincoln in 1869, Lower St. Clair in 183-, Marshall in 
1863, McCaudless in 1851, Neville in 1854, North Fayette in 1846, North 
Versailles in 1869, O'Hara in 1875, Ohio in 1796, Patton in 1849, Penn in 
1850, Richland in 1860, Sewickley in 1854, Scott in 1861, Shaler in 1847, 
Snowden in 1845, Springdale in 1875, Stowe in 1869, South Fayette in 
1846, South Versailles in 1869, Sterrett in 188-, Union in 1860, Upper St. 
Clair in 183-, West Deer in 1836, and Wilkins in 1821. 

INDIAN WARS. 

The settlement of the region north of the rivers was retarded from 
various causes, but mainly because of the Indian troubles 

During the Revolutionary war the state paid her troops in certifi- 
cates, or "script," promising to provide for their redemption out of the 
public lands. Acts of Assembly looking to this end were passed in 1780 
and 1781. By Act of March 12, 1783, the region north of the rivers was 
divided into two sections by a line starting at the mouth of Mogulbugh- 
tition Creek, (Pine Creek, above Kittanning), and running due west to 
the Ohio State line, passing a little south of New Castle. All south of 
that line were called "depreciation" lands, and all north "donation" 
lands. The "script " had greatly depreciated, but it was received by the 
State at par value in payment of land in the Depreciation District. 
Donations were also made to the soldiers of lands in the Donation 
I/istrict. 

At that time the lands were not surveyed nor the Indian title ex- 
tinguished. That title was extinguished by the treaty of 1784; but delays 
occurred in the surveys by Indian hostilities. 

The Indians of the Northwest, along the lakes from Buffalo to 
Detroit, and down to the Ohio river, as a general rule, took side with 
the English in our Revolutionary struggle, and, aided and encouraged 
by renegade whites, committed frightful barbarities upon the frontier 
.settlements. These outrages were continued after the peace with Eng- 
land in 1783, and increased in extent and violence from 1790 to 1794. 
Three notorious Tories, Alexander McKee, Matthew Elliott and Simon 
Girty, who had lived at Fort Pitt and were familiar with the whole 
country, instigated and led on the Indians. 

To check the Indian raids and chastise the savages, the United 
States government organized two expeditions, one under Gen. Josiah 
Harmar and the other under Gen. Charles Scott. The former, in the 
fall of 1790, with 1,400 men, regulars and militia, marched to the Mau- 
mee, and the latter, with 750 men, in the summer of 1791, marched to 
the Wabash. These expeditions ravaged the Indian country, destroy- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 73 



ing the crops and biiruiiig villages, but did not succeed in suppressing 
Indian raids; rather provoked them to greater outrages. 

A more formidable expedition was then sent out under Gen. Arthur 
St. Clair. In April, 1791, troops, munitions, etc., were gathered at 
Pittsburg and sent down the river to Cincinnati, from whicli place St. 
Clair marched, in September, with 2,300 men for the headwaters of the 
Wabash. The troops were mainly militia, unaccustomed to discipline, 
insubordinate and demoralized, so that by desertions, etc., his army was 
reduced to about 1,400 when he reached the headwaters of the Wabash, 
on November 3, 1791. On the morning of the next day, November 4, 
the Indians attacked his camp and a bloody battle ensued, resulting in 
a loss, killed and wounded, of eight hundred and ninety-six men and 
sixty -eight officers— the most disastrous battle with the Indians since 
Braddock's defeat. The remnant of the army had to retreat, exposing 
the wliole frontier of near a thousand miles to the merciless raids of the 
savages. 

Great alarm was felt at Pittsburg. Gen. Knox, the Secretary of 
War, ordered Major Craig in December, 1791, to erect new fortifications 
for the protection of the town and property. This was done on property 
of the Penus, on the Allegheny, in the neighborhood of Ninth and 
Tenth streets and Penn avenue. A new fort was erected with bastions, 
block-houses, barracks, &c., and named Fort Lafayette. 

Gen. Anthony Wayne was then selected to command another ex- 
pedition. He arrived in Pittsburg in June, 1792. In December he 
went into winter quarters with his "legion" in a camp below Economy, 
on the Ohio river, known as "Legionville." W^ayne was a strict and rather 
severe disciplinarian. He knew the value of discipline in an army, and 
that the want of it caused St. Clair's defeat. The troops remained in 
camp, undergoing thorough drill and instruction, until the first of May, 
1793, when, embarking on floating boats, they started down the 
river for Cincinnati. The summer was s^Dent at Cincinnati in collecting 
stores, troops, &c., and drilling the army. In the fall and winter of 
'93-'94 he sent out detachments to cut roads, construct forts, &c. In 
July, 1794, the army moved forward, and reached the junction of the 
Auglaize and Maumee rivers early in August, where lie constructed 
Fort "Defiance," right in the midst of. the Indian country. Passing 
down the river to near its mouth, at "Fallen Timbers" he met the 
Indians in force, and on August 20th, 1794, in a hard fought battle, 
completely crushed the power and spirit of the savage foes. He re- 
turned up the river and built Fort Wayne. This battle and the forts 
constructed by Wayne secured safety to the frontiers, and led to a lasting 
peace with the Indians, ratified by a treaty made at Greenville in 
August, 1795. 

After this there were no further Indian troubles about Pittsburg, or 
Indian raids into Allegheny county, and the tide of emigration began 
to flow with constantly increasing volume into the rich valleys north of 
the rivers. 

As a little episode of these troublous times, the trial of Capt. Sam 
Brady may be mentioned. Sam was a noted character of the early 

A6 



74 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



days, and famous for the number of Indian scalps he had taken. In 1791 
he killed some Indians at the mouth of Beaver Creek, and was tried for 
their murder at the May term of the (!ourt in 1793. His defense was 
that they had been on a raid on the south side of the river and he was 
justified in killing them. It would have been difficult under any cir- 
cumstances at that time to get a jury of Allegheny county to convict a 
white man of murder for killing a roving Indian. But in this case the 
friendly Indian chief, Guyasutha, gave very strong testimony for Sam, 
and the jury acquitted him without leaving the box. After the trial he 
was jokingly twitted for his marvellous testimony. The old chief was 
rather surprised and replied, "Me big friend of Capt. Brady." 

WHISKEY INSURKECTION. 

To assist in paying the debt incurred in the war of the Revolution, 
Congress, in the early part of 1791, passed an excise law, imposing a tax 
upon distilled spirits of from nine to twenty-five cents per gallon, ac- 
cording to strength. The Monongahela valley was noted then, as now, 
for the quantity and quality of its whiskey. There were distilleries on 
nearly every stream emptying into the Monongahela in the counties of 
Allegheny, Washington and Westmoreland, besides others in Fayette 
and Bedford. A direct tax upon manufactured products is always un- 
poj)ular, more so with consumers than manufacturers, because they 
know in the end they have to pay it. But the time and circumstances 
made this tax particularly odious. It was close on the heels of the 
Revolution, and in the midst of Indian troubles, when money was 
scarce and hard to obtain. It seemed like a special tax upon this dis- 
trict, and levied by foreign power, the United States government. It 
was likened to the tax upon tea before the Revolution. 

The opposition to the law embraced nearly all the citizens of the 
three counties, so that very few distillers would agree to pay the tax, 
and those that did were violently threatened and maltreated by the 
opposition. Their distilleries were damaged, their property destroyed, 
and in some cases their persons tarred and feathered. Collection 
offices were demolished, and collection officers whipped, stripped naked, 
covered with tar and feathers and tied to trees in the forest. Persons 
who gave information or testimony in Court against the rioters were 
treated in the same manner, and their barns or houses burnt. 

The first public demonstration was a meeting at Redstone (Browns- 
ville) in July, 1791, A convention met at Pittsburg in September, 
which not only denounced the obnoxious law, but violently assailed 
the administration of Washington, and by its inflammatory speeches en- 
couraged the lawless to reckless deeds. Whenever reputable men en- 
courage disobedience to one law, disreputable characters proceed to 
violate all law. The presence of Gallatin, Bracken ridge and other 
prominent men at the meetings of the insurgents, while the avowed ob- 
ject was to prevent violent measures, gave encouragement to the lawless, 
as their presence indicated their opposition to the law. 

Congress amended the law in 1792, removing some objectionable 
features, but this did not satisfy the malcontents. The government pro- 
ceeded slowly and forebearingly to enforce collections during 1792 and 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



75 




Old Pittsburgh Court House and Market. Taken Down 1852. 



1793. Some distillers paid the tax and others were yielding; but the 
smouldering fire was fanned into a conflagration by the spirit of the 
French Revolution, brought over to this country in 1793 by "citizen" 
Genet, the French minister. The French Eevolution, brought about by 
the Jacobin clubs of Paris, burst forth in August, 1792, overthrew the gov- 
ernment, instituted the reign of terror, and consummated its work by 
cutting oft' the head of Louis XVI. in January, 1793. Genet was ap- 
pointed the first minister of the French Republic to our government. 
France had declared war against England, and when Genet landed in 
this country Washington had issued his proclamation of neutrality. 
Americans generally sympathized with France, as she had aided us in 
our struggle against England, and many severely denounced Washing- 



(CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



ton for takiDg neutral grounds. Ck'net was rec.iveil with open arms, 
feted where^ er he went, greeted by crowds and lauded by newspapers. 
He ininiediaiely went to work to embroil us with England by violent 
attacks upon our government and dissenunating among our people 
French ideas. He started secret organizations similar to the Jacobin 
clubs, that took the name of "Democratic societies." Such were 
organized in Allegheny and Washington counties. 

Another source of complaint was, that, as the United States Court 
was held in Philadelphia, all parties and witnesses in cases of prosecution 
had to go east of the mountains to attend trial. 

These various causes conspired to embolden the insurgents to greater 
resistance and inore violent measures. Following the example of the 
French revolutionists, they gave way to a spirit of utter lawlessness, and 
indulged in dreams of revolution, spoils and plunder. They branded 
the body, inhumanly beat and tarred and feathered a poor crazy 
fellow by name of Wilson, who imagined he was a collector ; they 
burnt the barn and grain of William Richmond for giving information ; 
tarred and feathered a man by the name of Roseberry for saying the 
government would put them down; burnt the barn of Robert Shawhan, 
a distiller, for paying the tax; destroyed the distillery and saw mill of 
William Cochran, and distillery and grist mill of James Kiddoo for the 
same reason, and burnt the house and all out-buildings of Gen. John Ne- 
ville, the inspector, and sought to kill him. 

Immediately after the burning of Gen. Neville's house, in July, 
1794, they held a great convention on Mingo Creek, at which Bradford, 
who assumed the leadership, advocated robbing the mails, stealing guns 
and ammunition from the arsenal at Pittsburg, and the forcible expul- 
sion from the county of all who favored the law. He issued a circular, 
calling upon his followers to meet at Braddock Fields, fully armed and 
prepared to march upon Pittsburg to carry out his programme. Several 
thousand met at Braddock Fields, and, after a grand review by 
Bradford, they marched to the city. The citizens received them with 
dread, and granted whatever they demanded in the way of food and 
clothing. Bradford carried out his plan of seizing the mails to find out 
his enemies, but was deterred from attempting to take guns by the firm 
attitude of the garrison. 

By this time the government was thoroughly aroused to the danger- 
ous character of the insurrection. On the 25th of September, 1794, 
Washington called out the militia of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Mary- 
land and Virginia, and placed them under command of Gov. Lee, of 
Virginia. Washington himself came as far as Bedford with the army. 
About 15,000 were under arms. The larger portion crossed the moun- 
tains; meeting at Uniontown, they marched to Parkinson's Ferry 
(Monongahela City), where Gov. Lee encamped and issued a proclama- 
tion of amnesty to all who would submit and take the oath of allegiance 
to the United States. The army continued its march to Pittsburg; 
but the insurrection was suppressed* The strong force under Gov. Lee 
showed the folly of further resistance. Bradford and a few other lead- 
ing spirifcsfled the country; most of the others quietly submitted. Some 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 77 

were indicted for treason, but pardoned by Wasliington. Leaving some 
2,500 men, under command of Gen. Daniel Morgan, for the winter at 
Pittsburgh, the remainder of the army returned to their homes. 

If the whiskey insurrection liad been successful in defeating th«^ 
execution of tlie excise law, the insurgents would, most likely, have 
gone on to other excesses, and, the contagion spreading, most serious 
consequences might have followed. It was happily suppressed without 
the shedding of blood by the wisdom of Washington; first, in prudent 
forbearance, and, second, when a resort to force became necessary, call- 
ing out an army of such numbers that resistance was utterly hopeless. 
It cost the government over six hundred thousand dollars; but the 
money was well expended. It demonstrated the strength of the Federal 
government; Genet had to leave the country, and his "Democratic so- 
cieties" died out. 

GKOWTH AND DEVELOPMENT. 

Allegheny county is the gateway from east of the mountains to the 
great West. Emigration always moves along the streams of water. It 
moved from the Atlantic coast up the Susquehanna and Potomac 
rivers and their eastern tributaries to the crest of the Alleghenies. From 
the head-waters of the Susquehanna the emigrants crossed over to the 
head-waters of the Allegheny, near the northern lakes; from the 
Frankstown branch of the Juniata they crossed to the Conemaugh; 
from the Raystown branch to Stony and Pine creeks and the Loyal- 
hanna; froin the North branch of the Potomac, up Wills Creek and 
over to Castleman and Youghiogheny rivers; and from the head-waters 
of the South branch to the head-waters of the Cheat and Tlgart valley 
rivers, in the heart of Virginia — all these streams on the western slope 
of the Allegheny mountains flowed into the Allegheny and Mononga- 
hela rivers. Thus these various streams of emigration , from the western 
part of New York to the eastern shore of Virginia, were caught by these 
two rivers and floated down to Pittsburg to go westward on the Ohio. 

The first colony of New England emigrants for the West (Mus- 
kingum) came by the Youghiogheny. Taking boats at Robb's Town 
(West Newton) they floated down to Pittsburg, arriving here April 
3d, 1788. 

This county was very inviting to emigrants. The soil w^as rich 
and deep, the hills covered with masniflcent trees — oaks, walnut, hick- 
ory, chestnut, etc. — and the valleys with sugar trees. Game of all kinds 
abounded— deer, bear, raccoons, wild turkeys, pheasants, etc. Deer and 
wild turkeys were killed in some parts of the country as late as 1830. 
In the peninsula between the Monongahela and Youghiogheny vast 
droves of wild hogs roamed through the forests in early days (perha[)s the 
descendants of some that strayed from the first settlers) and often 
furnished farmers with pork as late as 1800. 

This j'egion was a favorite hunting ground of the Indians, where 
many of them lingered years after the county was organized. Indian 
ri mains, such as mounds, graves, war-paths, trails, etc., have been 
found in nearly every section of the county. Some of the graves ou the 



78 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



peninsula would indicate a previous race of Indians to those the whites 
found here. The graves were enclosed with stones and covered with 
stone slabs, and regarded by the later tribes with great veneration. 

In 1788 nearly all dwellings were log houses, and in every country 
settlement was a block-house for retreat and safety from maraudin«5 
Indians. These were constructed of logs, with small openings for the 
use of tire-arms, and generally the upper story projecting so as to guard 
against the enemy setting lire to the buildings. In cases of alarm the 
settlers and their families fled to the block-house. Remains of the old 
block-houses were to be seen until recently in the townships of Moon, 
North Fayette, Forward, Versailles, Wilkins and Penn. 

Tlie early settlers, and those after 1788, were great marksmen and 
hunters, for the meat of the family larder was mostly supplied from the 
chase. It required courage and daring to settle in these forests, ex- 
posed day and night to attacks from merciless savages. And the women 
were as courageous and daring as the men. It is said that Mrs. Neel, of 
Mifflin township, who was driven out by a raid about 1780, rode on horse- 
back to Lancaster county, her former home, carrying one child in her 
arms and her boy of four years of age riding on behind her. jNIrs. 
Martha Means, a widow, who came to that township about 1799, drove 
a four-horse team from Harrisburg, with her goods and six children. 

Until 1798 the only mail brought to Pittsburg was on horseback. 
The first stage line was established in 1805, running to Chambersburg, 
and brouglit the mail only twice a week. The turn-pike to Harrisburii 
was commenced in 1806. 

In 1788 Pittsburg contained about 500 inhabitants, besides the garri- 
son, and had several small retail stores. In 1790 the entire population 
of the county was 10,309. In 1800 it was 15,087. In 1807 Pittsburg had 
one cotton factory, two glass works, two breweries, one air furnace, four 
nail factories, seven coppersmiths, one wire-weaving and riddle factoiy, 
one brass foundry, six saddlers and harness makers, two gunsmiths, two 
tobacconists, one bell maker, three tallow chandlers, one brush maker, one 
trunk maker, five coopers, thirteen weavers, ten blue dyers, one comb 
maker, seven cabinet makers, one turner, six bakers, three butchers, 
two barbers, six hatters, four physicians, two earthen-ware potteries, 
three straw bonnet makers, four plane makers, six milliners, twelve 
mantua makers, one stocking weaver, two book binders, four house ard 
sign painters, two portrait painters, one mattress maker, three wheel- 
wrights, five watch and clock makers, five bricklayers, five plasterers, 
three stone cutters, eight boat and barge and ship builders, one pump 
maker, one looking-glass maker, one lock maker, seven tan yards, two 
rope walks, one spinning-wheel maker, seventeen blacksmiths, one ma- 
cliinist and whitesmith, one cutler and tool maker, thirty-two house 
carpenters and joiners, twenty-one boot and shoe makers, five Windsor 
chair makers, thirteen tailors, one breeches maker and skin dresser, 
twelve school masters, four school mistresses, thirty-three taverns, fifty- 
one mercantile stores, four printing oifices, six brick yards, five stone 
masons, two book stores, four lumber yards, one maker of cotton and 
wooden machinery, one clay pipe factory, one copper-plate priutin^^ 
press. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 79 

Saw mills and grist milLs were the first manufacturing establish- 
ments in the county. In the old townships on the south-side, Moon, 
St. Clair and Mifflin, also in the townships of Elizabeth, Versailles, 
Plum and Pitt mills were established on all of the principal runs before 
1794, and, as soon as the north-side was secure from Indian raid, in the 
new townships north of the rivers. Before 1800 flour was shipped down 
the Ohio in keel boats. One of the first to take down a boat of flour 
was Mike Fink. Mike was a notoriously bad character and a remark- 
ably good shot. He delighted to exhibit his skill by shooting ofl^ the 
tails of pigs. He brought down a load of flour from Col. Noble's mill, 
on Robinson's Run (North Fayette township), in canoes to the mouth 
of Chartiers Creek, where he put it aboard a keel boat and took it to New 
Orleans. 

The first rope walk this side the mountains was erected on ground 
now occupied by the Monongahela House, in 1794, by Col. John Irwin 
and wife. At these works was manufactured the entire rigging for 
Commodore Perry's fleet in 1812, which was fitted out at Erie for his 
attack upon the British fleet on the lake, and in which he won a signal 
victory. 

The first glass works were established by Gen. James O'Hara and 
Maj. Isaac Craig in 1797, located on the south-side, at the base of Coal hill, 
directly opposite the point, or the junction of the two rivers, on land pur- 
chased from Ephraim Jones and Ephraim Blaine. The second glass 
works were erected by Beelen & Benny in 1800, on the north-side, opposite 
the head of Aliquippa island (Brunot's), which gave the name to 
glass-house riffle. 

In 1798-99 several war vessels were built at Pittsburg, and floated 
down to the Mississippi, in view of a possible war with France, One 
was named the "President Adams," and another "Senator Ross." 
In 1800 Louis Anastasius Tarascon, a Frenchman, established a boat 
yard in Pittsburg for the building of sea-going vessels. He lived in 
Philadelphia, but started the business here, with associates, under the 
name of "Tarascon Bros. & Co." They established a wholesale and re- 
tail warehouse, ship-yard, sail-loft, anchor and smith shop, etc., every- 
thing necessary for completely fitting out a sea-going vessel. In 1801 
they built a schooner, "Amity," of 120 tons, and a ship, "Pittsburg," of 
250 tons; in 1802 a brig, " Xanina," of 250 tons; in 1803 a ship, "Louis- 
iana," of 300 tons, and in 1804 a ship, "Western Trader," of 400 tons. 
The "Amity " sailed with a cargo of flour for the West Indies, and the 
"Pittsburg" to Philadelphia. The "Nanina" was ballasted with 
coal, taken to Philadelphia, and held there. The "Louisiana" sailed 
to Marseilles, in France, where the captain had great difficulty in sav- 
ing his boat from confiscation. The authorities never heard of Pitts- 
burg, and were slow to believe he was an honest seaman and had 
actually sailed from a port two thousand miles from any sea. 

Joshua Walker started a boat yard at Elizabeth in 1800, and built a 
saiUng vessel, the " Monongahela Farmer," that year. It went to New 
York with a cargo of flour, whiskey, deer skins, etc. In 1803 he built 
another, the "Ann Jane," of 450 tons, which sailed with a similar cargo, 



80 CENTENNIAL, HISTOKY 



via New Orleans, to New York. But his main business was building 
keel boats, until 1824, when the first steamboat was built at that yard. 
The first steamboat was built in Pittsburgh in 1811, called the " New 
Orleans," and did a good business on the Mississippi until 1814, when 
she was snagged, near Baton Rouge, and sunk to the bottom. This 
was followed by the "Comet," in 1813; the "Enterprise," Vesuvius'' 
and " Etna," in 1814; the " Franklin," " Oliver Evans " and " Harriet" 
in 1816. The most of these were small vessels, the largest being only 
350 tons. The "Enterprise" was loaded with stores for Gen. Jackson- 
In the fall of 1814, Major Wm. B. Foster, who was Commissary of the 
U. S. Army, at Pittsburgh, received orders to purchase a large amount 
of army supplies and ship them with all possible dispatch to Gen. Jack- 
son, at New Orleans. But as the government furnished him with no 
money he had to rely upon his own resources. From his own private 
means, and money borrowed from the banks on his own personal credit, 
he paid for the needed supplies, arms, munition, etc., and chartered 
the "Enterprise" to take them to New Orleans. It left Pittslmrgh 
Dec. 15th, 1814. r.nder the command of Captain Henry M. Shreve, of 
Brownsville, and arrived at New Orleans Jan. 5th, 1815, just in time to 
aid Gen. Jackson in winning his victory on the 8th. Capt. Shreve took 
part in the battle, serving at the sixth gun in the American batteries. 
He afterwards brought the " Enterprise" back to Pittsburgh — the first 
steamboat, it is said, that made the round trip to New Orleans and 
back. 

In 1802 the father of Wm. B. Scaife came to Pittsburgh and started 
a shop for tin and sheet iron work. It grew and enlarged with the 
demands for other work, and after steam vessels came in use, was largely 
devoted to furnishing and fitting steam vessels. 

The Pittsburgh Iron Foundry, established by Joseph McClurg, 
Joseph Smith and John Gormly, in 1802-3, was the first iron foundry 
this side the mountains. It occupied the ground on the corner of 
Smithfield street and Fifth avenue, where the postoffice is. Smith and 
Gormly soon retired from the business, when Joseph McClurg took in 
a partner, his son Alexander. During the war of 1812 they manu- 
factured field and siege guns for the U. S. government, cannon, hoA^- 
itzers, shells and balls. Commodore Perry's fieet was supplied from this 
foundry, and also Gen. Jackson with the cannon balls used at the battle 
of New Orleans, Jan. 8th, 1815. In 1816 the Juniata Wire and Rivet 
Mills were established by Robert Towusend. In 1824, the first rolling 
mill, the Juniata Iron Works, by Dr. Peter Shoenberger, and in 1826 the 
Sligo Iron Works, by John Lyon and R. T. Stewart. In 1830 the first 
regular stove foundry, by Arthurs & Nicholson, and in 1836 another 
by Alexander Bradley. 

For several years after the county was organized all the salt had to 
be brought over the mountains on pack horses or in wagons. Some 
accounts state that salt was manufactured here before 1800, but that is 
doubtful. The first salt spring discovered this side of the mountains 
was at Saltsburg, in Indiana county, in 181 3, where its manufacture 
was carried on extensively. Salt brought over the mountains by pack- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 81 



horses sold at eight dollars per bushel. About 1800 Gen. O'Hara 
brought salt from the Onondaga district, N. Y., by boats on Lakes On- 
tario and Erie to the town of Erie, thence by land to the head of French 
creek, thence floated down to Pittsburgh, and sold at four dollars per 
bushel. 

The first banking institution was a branch of the Bank of Pennsyl- 
vania, started Jan. 1st, 1804. The Bank of Pittsburgh was incorporated 
in 1814. It had been doing business for two years as the Pittsburgh 
Manufacturing Company. The Merchants and Manufacturers Bank 
was incorporated the same year. 

The oldest settled district in the county was, probably, in the neigh- 
borhood of Wilkinsburg, and the oldest village outside of Pittsburgh, 
McKeesport. David McKee, a Presbyterian, was driven out by perse- 
cution, first from Scotland and then from the north of Ireland, and 
came to America in 1755. C'rossing the AUeghenies he settled and built 
a cabin at the mouth of the Youghioglieny, under protection of the 
Indian queen, Aliquippa, who resided there. He started a ferry to con- 
nect with the settlements across the river, and obtained acharter in 1769. 
He died in 1795, and his son, John, who inherited the homestead, laid 
out the town of McKee's Port in the same year, and sold 187 lots. It 
assumed to be a rival of Pittsburgh, and a strong argument used in its 
favor was that it was twelve miles nearer Philadelphia. It is said that 
John Cavin came to Pittsburgh in 1807 with a cow, for which he was 
offered an acre of ground on Wood street, but refused it, preferring Mc- 
Keesport, because it was twelve miles nearer Philadelphia. 

The '' Nanina" and "Louisiana," in 1802-3. were the first vessels 
that carried Pittsburgh coal down the Ohio. But they took it simply 
as ballast. It was not until 1817 when flat boats came into use and the 
trade assumed some magnitude. Steam tugs for towing the boats and 
barges were introduced in 1845. 

Three notable institutions of the past, the pride of our forefathers, 
have passed away, never again to be seen on the earth in the glory they 
possessed flfty years ago. Railroads have made them "things that 
were" — Coriestogo wagons, stage coaches and turnpike taverns. What 
memories these words stir up in the minds of those now living who saw 
them in their noon-day splendor ! After the turnpike was constructed 
over the mountains, all goods from the east was hauled in great canvas- 
covered wagons, drawn by six horses, and often a string of tinkling 
bells on the hames of each horse, and one or two big dogs walking 
under the w^agon— the night-watchmen for the journey. Hundreds of 
these wagons were necessary for the trade, and sometimes ten, fifteen, 
twenty or more could be seen at one time on the road, or in the streets 
of the city, delivering their loads. 

The four-horse stage coaches, nine passengers inside, two with the 
driver, and three or four on top, with the great "boot" bulging out with 
trunks, was a sight never to be forgotten. Often, too, a dozen or twenty 
of these could be seen, closely following each other, dashing down hill 
at a fearful rate, the drivers cracking their whips and the horses panting 
and covered with dripping foam. 



82 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



The drivers of these wagons and coaches were generally merry 
characters, fond of a joke, full of doubtful information for inquisitive 
passengers, good eaters, great drinkers, and always knew the best tav- 
erns. The passengers, also, generally had a merry time of it. Cooped 
up in the coach for several days and nights on the trip, they whiled 
away tlie hours with jokes and lively chat, walking up hill occasionally 
to stretch their limbs, and huddling together under cloaks and wraps in 
winter- time to keep warm. 

Besides the coaches, tliere were many private carriages on the road, 
for it was a common thing for those who had the leisure to " go over 
the mountains," to Harrisburg or Philadelphia, in their own vehicles. 

To accommodate the teams and travelers with meals and lodging 
re(j[uired numerous and large taverns. The stage coaches had their reg- 
ular stopping places, but accidents and delays occurred, when the pas- 
sengers wanted a meal at some other tavern, and if the regular stopping 
place was not first-class, a fee to the driver would cause some reported 
accident to the coach or a horse and secure a better meal at another tav- 
ern. The drivers of the Conestoga teams always got good treatment 
from "mine host," for they gave information to travelers, and it became 
well known that where the wagons stopped there was the best tavern. 
"Mine host" was a character, also — usually fat, red-faced, goodnatured, 
jolly — could crack a joke with any one, and laugh till his sides shook. 
He always had, so he said, the best liquor, the best table and cleanest 
beds of any tavern on the road; his stable was roomy, full of hay and 
oats, and he had a most attentive hostler. 

The present generation, alas! knows nothing of the pleasure — and 
no future generation will — of riding 300 miles in such a stage coach, or 
of spending a night at such an inn. 

Another famous character of the olden time, that disappeared with 
the establishment of the public school system, deserves a passing notice : 
the country pedagogue. The schools in the rural districts were gener- 
ally small, and the patrons, to save expense in salary, agreed to board 
the teacher. The "master" boarded around, itinerating among the fam- 
ilies. The children clamored for the master to go home with them, for 
the more frequent his visits the less frequent the application of the 
birch. The parents, too, were glad to see him — he was such a nice man 
and so wise. His opinion was asked on all sorts of questions, and his 
advice on all important matters. He felt the dignity of his calling and 
the necessity of sustaining it. It would not do to admit his ignorance 
on any subject. He always looked very wise, made the best possible 
use of the little knowledge he had, and used a few big words or a snatch 
of Latin now and then to indicate how much more he knew. The par- 
ents were delighted, the children filled with admiration, 

"And still they gazed, and still the wonder grew 
That one small head could carry all he knew." 

CHUKCHES AND SCHOOLS. 

Cdtholic. — The first minister of the gospel that preached or adruin- 
islered the ordinances of the church in this county was a Catholic 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



83 




Old Western University, Corner Third Avenue and Cherry 
Alley. Destroyed in the Great Fire of 1845. 



X^iiest, who came with the French troops under Capt. Contrecoeur, to 
the junction of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, in April, 1754, 
when Contrecoeur stopped Ensign Ward in tlie construction of a nEng- 
lish fort, and built Fort Duquesne, a French fort. After the French 
were expelled by Gen. Forbes, in 1758, the Protestants took possession 
of the field simultaneously with the English troops, and retained ex- 
clusive possession for many years. Rev. Charles Beatty, a Presbyterian 
minister, came with Forbes' army as chaplain, preached here in 1758, 
and again visited the place in 1766 and preached to the settlers. Some 
Catholics, no doubt, were among the early settlers, but, like the Protest- 
ants, they had no church organization or regular church services for 
many years. The Protestants took the lead. From 1758 to 1808 priests 
from other localities occasionally visited Pittsburg and administered the 
rites of the church. The first resident priest was Rev. W. F. X. O'Brien, 
who came here in 1808. Rt. Rev. Michael Eagin was the first bishop 
w^ho paid a visit, in 1811. The see of Pittsburg was erected in 1843, and 
the first bishop Rt. Rev. Michael O'Connor. The first Catholic Church 
in Pittsburg was erected in 1811, on lot donated by Col. James O'Hara, 
corner of Liberty and Washington streets. The building was about 
50x30 feet, built of brick. It was erected under the auspices of Father 
O'Brien. Father C. B. Maguire came here in March, 1820. 

Baptist.— The oldest church in the county, and the first organized, 
is the Baptist Church at Library, Snowden township, organized in 1773, 
as the "Peter's Creek Baptist Church." I have not been able to 



H4 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



find out the name of the first pastor; but Rev. David Phillips was 
amoug the first, if not the first. He was succeeded by Dr. Wm. Hhad- 
rach, a man of wonderful eloquence and power. After a lonp: and use- 
ful pastorate he passed to his reward, and was succeeded by Dr. James 
Estep, also a man of eloquence and power, of liberal views and great 
usefulness. The first Baptist Church in Pittsburgh (now the Fourth 
Avenue Church) was organized in 1812. Rev. Samuel Williams was 
pastor until 1837. The Second, or Welsh, Baptist Church was organized 
in 1827, and the Sandusky Street Church, Allegheny City, in 1885. 

Prefibijtcrian. — Western Pennsylvania was settled mainly by immi- 
grants from Scotland and the north of Ireland, of the Presbyterian 
faith. One of the first, if not the first, minister who came over the 
mountains was Rev. John McMillan, in 1773. He located in Washing- 
ton county, and organized the churches of Chartiers, Mingo and Peter's 
Creek, which he served for many years. He also preached in other 
settlements and laid the foundations of several other churches. In 
Washington, Westmoreland and Fayette counties Presbyterian churches 
were organized before 1780. The following are the oldest Presbyterian 
Churches in Allegheny county, and the date of organization: Bethel, 
in Snowden township, and Lebanon, in Mifiiin township, are the old- 
est. They were settled in 1777 and supplied by Dr. McMillan until 1781, 
when Rev. John Black became pastor of Bethel, and Rev. John Clark 
of Lebanon. In 1796 the two were under one pastorate. Rev. Wm. 
Woods, until 1820, when Rev. Thos. D. Baird became pastor of Leb- 
anon, Mr. Woods continuing pastor of Bethel till his death, in 1831, and 
was succeeded by Rev. George Marshall. Round Hill Church, in 
"Forks," Elizabeth township, was started by Rev. James Finley, in 
1772, organized in 1788, supplied by him until 1784, when he settled in 
the neighborhood and continued pastor till 1795. Rev. David Smith 
was pastor from 1797 to 1817. Montours' Church was organized before 
1789. In that year Rev. Joseph Patterson became pastor ot this, in con- 
nection with Raccoon Church . He was succeeded by Rev. John IMcLane, 
and he by Rev. Michael Law. Plum Creek (church, formerly called 
"Ebenezer," then "Puckety," in Plum township, had preaching from 
1791 to 1800, when Rev. Francis Laird became pastor, and continued 
till 1831. Bull Creek Church, in Fawn township, had preaching from 
1793 till 1802, when Abraham Boyd became pastor, and continued till 
1833. Beulah ('hurch, in Pitt township, was supplied from 1795 to 
1804, when Rev. James Graham became pastor, and continued till 1845. 
Hiland Church, Perrysville, supplied from 1800 to 1807, when Rev. 
Robert Patterson became pastor, and continued till 1833. Pine Creek 
Church, Sharpsburg, had supplies from 1800 to 1814, when Rev. James 
Stockton became pastor, and continued till 1832. Sewickley Church, 
borough of Sewickley, had preaching from 1800 to 1812, when Rev. 
Andrew McDonald became pastor of this, in connection with White 
Oak Flats and Mt. Carmel, until 1817. Rev. John Andrews had ]>as- 
toral charge of this, in cohnection with Duff's, from 1822 to 1831. Mc- 
Keesport Church was connected with Beulah in 1802, but was vacant 
for some years. A lottery was gotten up to raise money to build a 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 85 



cliurcl). It had uu regular pastor for many years. Rev. Boyd Mercer 
preached occasionally from 1802 to 1823. Plains and Mt. Nebo Churches 
had preaching from an early day, but no regular pastor till 1808, when 
Rev. Reed Bracken became pastor. Bethany, near Bridgeville, was 
organized in 1814, Rev. Alex. Cook pastor until 1820. Hopewell, Houth 
Fayette townsJjip, was organized in 1814, and supplied until 1825, when 
Rev. Wm. J, Frazier became regular pastor of this, in connectiou with 
White Oak Flats. Sharon Church, Moon township, was organized in 
1817. Rev. Andrew McDonald was pastor for a few years; then Rev. 
Robert Rutherford supplied. In 1829 Rev. Samuel C. Jennings com- 
menced his pastorate, wdiich continued for more than half a century. 

The_^r8/ Presbyterian church in Pittsburg was organized in 1785, 
with Rev. Samuel Barr pastor, although Drs. McMillan, Finley, Smith 
and other pioneer Presbj^terians had preached here before that date. 
The church was incorporated by Act of the Legislature in 1787. In that 
year the heirs of Wm. Penn deeded lots to three denominations for 
churches and burial grounds — the Presbyterian, Protestant Episcopal 
and German Evangelical. The deed to the I'resbyterian conveyed the 
lot where the First Church now stands. The first church building was 
of squared logs, small and plain in its accommodations. Mr. Barr re- 
signed the pastorate in 1789, giving as a reason that the trustees com- 
pelled him to collect his own salary — evidence that they cared but little 
for the church. The church had only suj)i)lies from 1789 to 1799, when 
Rev. Robert Steele was chosen pastor. He died in 1810. Rev. Joseph 
Stockton w^as suj^ply until 1811, when Frances Herron was chosen pas- 
tor. With the beginning of his pastorate, which lasted forty years, 
began a new era of Presbyterian ism in Pittsburg. The First Church 
was in a deplorable condition -most of the time prior to his pastorate. 
It was in debt, and in 1807 a lottery was started to redeem it. It failed, 
and the building was sold by the sheriff. The .second church originated 
in a split from the first, because of some dissatisfaction with the pastor, 
in 1803, and was formally recognized in 1805, with Rev. Nathaniel 
Snowden as pastor, who, however, retired in less than a year. Rev. 
John Boggs was chosen pastor in 1807, but retired after five months. In 
1809 Rev. Thomas Hunt was chosen pastor. In 1819 Rev, Elisha P. 
P. Swift became pastor. 

Oerman Church, — The German Evangelical Protestant Church of 
Pittsburg was organized in 1787, Rev. Wilhelm Weber, pastor. This is 
the oldest church organization in the city. The first meetings of the 
congregation were held in a log building on the corner of Wood street 
and Diamond alley. The first building on the lot deeded by the Penns 
was also of logs. The second was of brick, which was taken down in 
1833 and a larger brick building erected, and that finally taken down 
and the present magnificent structure of stone put up. The brick 
building of 1833 had a cupola and bell, the first church bell in Pitts- 
burg. In that year some dissatisfaction occurred which caused a split 
and led to the organization of the Second German Church. 

At the beginning of the century three other branches of the Pres- 
byterian familj^ came to Pittsburg and settled down very near neighbors 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



—the Associate, the Keformed and the Associate-Reformed Presbyterian 
churches. The Associate church was on the corner of Seventh avenue 
and Cherry alley; the Reformed immediately in the rear of it, on the 
corner of Cherry alley and Plum alley (now Oak alley); and the Asso- 
ciate Reformed, only half a square distant, on the corner of Sixth avenue 
and Cherry alley— all three on Cherry alley. 

The "Associate Congregation of Pittsburg" (now the First U. P.) 
was organized in 1801, and was united in pastorate with Turtle Creek 
and Bethel, Rev. Ebenezer Henderson pastor. They worshipjjed at first 
in the Court House. The first church was erected on the present lot in 
1813. It was a brick building, without plastering or paint, no vestibule, 
a gallery on three sides and high pulpit on posts. Mr. Henderson died 
in 1804. In 1808 Pittsburg and Peter's Creek were made one pastoral 
charge, Rev. Robert Bruce pastor. After he was installed the congre- 
gation worshiped in the German church until their own was built, in 
1813. At that date the connection with Peter's Creek was dissolved 
and Dr. Bruce continued pastor of the Pittsburg church until his death, 
in 1846. 

Rev. John Black came to the city in 1799 and became pastor of tlie 
Reformed Presbyterian church. He continued pastor until his death, 
in 1849. Dr. J. W. Douglass succeeded him in 1850. In 1833 a split took 
place in Dr. Black's church. Prior to that date the members of the Re- 
formed church (commonly called Covenanters) did not vote or take part 
in elections. Dr. Black and those who remained with him considered 
it their duty and privilege to vote at the general elections. Those who 
went out took the opposite view, and organized a new church (but still 
claiming to be the true Reformed Church) with Rev. Sproul as pastor. 

The Associate Reformed Church (now the second U. P. Church) had 
preaching in Pittsburg as early as 1794, and at regular intervals there- 
after, by Revs. McKnight, Riddell, Kerr, Henderson, Proudflt, Gallo- 
way, Findlay and McElroy. But the congregation had no regular pas- 
tor until 1816, when Rev. .Jos. McElroy was installed. They purchased 
a lot in 1815, and while their church was being built their services were 
held in Dr. Black's church. Mr. McElroy resigned as pastor in 1824. 
Dr. Jos. Kerr and his two sons — Dr. Jos. R. Kerr and Dr. David R. 
Kerr — were successively pastors from 1825 to 1845. 

ProteMmit Episcopal Church. — It is probable that the first church of 
this denomination in Allegheny county was erected on the j)roperty of 
Gem Neville, on ('hartiers creek, at a very early day, for there was a 
church standing there when the whiskey insurgents burnt his house in 
1794. 

Notwithstanding the deed of thePennsin 1787 to certain trustees for 
this denomination, it seems that no church was erected until 1805, and 
not then on the lot couA^eyed by the Penns. They purchased the tri- 
angular lot bounded by Sixth avenue. Wood and Liberty streets, and 
put a building on that, commonly known as the "Round ('hurch." In 
1797 some churchmen induced John Taylor, then a layman and not a 
member of the church, to take orders and become their pastor. He 
continued pastor till 1818. At first the services were held in the Court 



In 

I 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 87 



House and in private families. "Father" Taylor, as he is affectionately 
called, had rather a hard time of it. The members of Trinity church 
were not very wealthy then, or else not very willing to pay a good sal- 
ary. For twelve years before he resigned he was struggling with poverty 
and had to support himself by teaching school. Rev. Wm. Thompson 
was pastor from 1821 to 1823. In 1824 John Henry Hopkins, Esq., left 
the bar, entered the ministry and became pastor, continuing till 1830, 
when he was succeeded by Dr. Upfold. 

Although Pittsburg was well supplied with preaching from an 
early date, by ministers of various denominations, Catholic and Prot- 
estant, the people were not noted for their piety. When Arthur Lee, 
of Virginia, visited this place in 1784, he wrote of it in this wise : 
"There are, in the town, four attorneys, two doctors and not a priest 
of any i^ersuasiou, nor church, nor chapel ; so that they are likely to 
be damned without the benefit of clergy." From 1784 to 1810 the 
town was filled with travelers — emigrants going farther west, soldiers, 
traders, Indians, speculators, boatmen, wagon -drivers and roughs of 
all kinds. Sunday was only a day for fun and amusement. Whisky 
was abundant and poured down in big and frequent potations. The 
families of the better class were gay, fond of parties and fashionaole 
display, devoted to amusements, especially cards and dancing ; the 
lower classes given up to the coarsest amusements, vulgar jokes and 
tricks, boxing, fighting, horse-racing, etc. The plain, or level ground, 
between Grant's hill and the Allegheny river, was the race course. 
In Mr. H. W. Brackenridge's "Recollections" he thus describes the 
people and the races : " The plain was entirely unencumbered by 
buildings or enclosures, excepting the Dutch church, which stood 
aloof from the haunts of man, unless at those times when it was 
forced to become the centre of the hippodrome. The races were an 
affair of all-engrossing interest, and every business or pursuit was 
neglected during their continuance. The whole town was daily poured, 
forth to witness the Olympian games, many of all ages and sexes as 
spectators, and many more, directly or indirectly, interested in a hun- 
dred ways. The plain, within the course and near it, was filled with 
booths, as at a fair, where everything was said and done and sold and 
eaten or drank ; where every fifteen or twenty minutes there was a 
rush to some part to witness a fisticuff, where dogs barked and bit and 
horses trod on men's toes, and booths fell down on people's heads ! 
There was Crowder with his fiddle and his votaries, making the dust 
fly with a four-handed (or rather four-footed) reel ; and a little further 
on was Dennis Longliy, the blind poet, like Homer casting his pearls 
before swine, chanting his master-piece in a tone part nasal and part 
gutteral." 

The Presbyterian congregations were frequently disturbed and 
sometimes broken up by the rowdies. Many iiiembers of the church 
cared but little about it. The congregations were small, the pay of 

I preachers very inadequate. Religion was at a low ebb. Dr. Herron and 
the pastor of the Second Presbyterian church started a prayer-meeting 
I in 1811, to meet alternately in the two churches. It was strenuously op- 



88 (CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



posed by leading ineiiibers of the churches and stij^matized as a crazy 
'* Methodist" idea. For some months only one man and half a dozen 
women attended the meetings. 

Methodists.— The first Methodists that settled in Pittsburg were em- 
igrants from England or Ireland about the year 1800 — perhaps two or 
three families. They brought over a little of the Methodist fire and en- 
thusiasm of the old country, held prayer-meetings and experience- 
meetings and sang joyful hynms. They were regarded as fanatics or re- 
ligious enthusiasts, were ridiculed and despised and the preachers de- 
nounced as ignoramuses. 

John Wrenshall, a local preacher, and Thomas Cooper, a class 
leader, botli emigrants from England, were among the first, if not the 
very first Methodists, who settled in Pittsburg, Thomas Cooper came 
ocer in 1808, John Wrenshall perhaps earlier. Prior to that date some 
Methodist itinerants, as well as locals, had preached in Pittsburg, but no 
society had been formed. 

The first Methodist sermon in America was preached by a local 
preacher, Philip Emburg, in a small room in New York, to an audience 
of five persons, who, like himself, were emigrants from Ireland, and 
had been Methodists, and these he formed into a class, the imcleus of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church. When the church was formally or- 
ganized, in December, 1784, the total membership in ihe United States 
was about 15,000 and 104 itinerant preachers. At that time Redstone 
circuit embraced all the country west of the Allegheny mountains, and 
John Cooper and Solomon Breeze were the circuit-riders. They 
preached in some parts of Western Virginia and in Fayette county, this 
state. In 1788 the Pittsburg circuit was formed, including Westmore- 
land and Allegheny counties, and parts of Fayette and Washington. 
Rev. Charles Conway was appointed the preacher." His mission was to 
go into the wilderness where there were no Methodist societies, preach 
the gospel and form societies. He rode the circuit from 1788 to 1790, 
preaching occasionally in Pittsburg. In 1790 the total membership of 
the entire circuit was 97. He again appeared in this field in 1792-3 with 
Valentine Cook and David Hitt as his colleagues. Bishop Asbury made 
two visits here, in 1789 and 1803, and preached several times, on each 
occasion to very small Audiences. 

In 1803 Thomas Cooper organized the first class, which numbered 
thirteen, including himself and John Marshall, and that constituted 
the whole number of Methodists in Pittsburg at that date. For three 
years they had no stated place of worship, meeting at private houses, 
and having preaching sometimes under the shade of trees or in a room 
of old Fort Pitt, and occasionally in the court house. In 1806 Mr. 
Cooper rented a house on Front street as a residence and chapel, where 
the religious services were held until 1810, when a lot was purchased on 
Second street and a small stone church edifice erected, while Rev. Wm. 
Knox was the preacher. 

The bad, vicious and rowdy elements of society always floated with 
the currents of population to cities or trading centres, and corrupt the 
atmosphere. In the rural or farming districts we find the best society, 



OFJALLEGHENY COUNTY. 89 



the highest morality and purest religion. Some of these bad elemeui*j 
found their way to Pittsburg at an early date. The Presbyterian 
churches had to struggle with them, and suffered many annoyances, as 
we have stated, down to 1810. Of course the Methodists could not 
escape, especially as they were branded fanatics by the better class. In 
the year 1810, before the little stone church was erected, while the Rev. 
Jacob Gruber was holding a meeting in the private house of Mr. Cooper, 
and engaged in prayer with the penitents, a young sprout of the law 
fired off a squib in the room. The eccentric preacher commenced 
singing: 

" Shout, shout, we're gaining ground, 
And the power of the Lord is coming down ! " 

The young fellow got alarmed and fled. The next day he was 
brought before a justice of the peace, lied to escape punishment, but 
was found guilty, and at the request of a number of the members was 
let off with a light tine, but severe lecture from the magistrate. 

That little stone chapel was the home of Methodism in Pittsburg 
until 1817, when the Smithfleld Street M. E. Church was formed and 
their first plain, unpretentious church erected on the corner of Smith- 
field street and Seventh avenue. 

The Methodist Church was the youngest of the Christian de- 
nominations and the last to enter Allegheny county. When the first 
itinerants came they l^found a church, or church organization, of the 
Calvanistic faith, in nearly every settlement. These itinerants hunted 
up every Methodist family they could hear of, traveled into every set- 
tlement, stopping wherever they could obtain hospitality, and preaching 
wherever they could get an audience, in private houses, school houses, 
in the woods or on the streets, and organizing "classes" whenever the 3^ 
could get half a dozen names. In this way Methodist "classes" — 
incipient Methodist societies— were formed in various sections of the 
county about the same time as the churches in Pittsburg, j)erhaps some 
of them earlier; but from the imperfect records kept of these societies it 
is impossible to tell what year they were formed. 

Sahooh. — The ministers of the Presbyterian denominations were 
generally well educated, some of them fine classical scholars, and the 
members of those churches who emigrated from the old country or 
moved westward from east of the mountains appreciated the value of 
an education. Hence, whenever a few families were located near 
enough for the purpose, a school house was erected and school teachers 
employed. The ministers took an active part in the building of school 
houses and the educaiton of the children. In all the old section of the 
county, that is, south of the Ohio and Allegheny rivers, school houses 
were erected, as early as 1776, within a few miles of each other, so that 
the children of all the settlers could get a common education. The 
first school houses were built of logs, with openings for windows by 
cutting out a log, with a sash frame, but no glass, greased paper being 
used as a substitute. The curriculum, of course, was quite limited — 
reading, writing, cyphering. As books were scarce, the little ones learn- 
ing the alphabet were supplied with a paddle, on which the letters were 

A7 



90 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



printed. As soon as the pupils could read they were put in the New- 
Testament, and after that the Old. The Bible was the only "reader." 
The Catechism was taught in every school, and weekly the scholars 
were drilled on the questions and answers. 

We have made great progress in our system of education; we have 
magnificent school buildings, an elaborate curriculum and very com- 
petent teachers. But we have committed an egregious mistake in 
banishing the Bible and all religious instruction from our public 
schools. 

The old divines also provided for a higher and classical education. 
The " Pittsburg Academy " was chartered in 1787, and ran an honora- 
ble career until merged in the " Western University of Pennsylvania " 
in 1819. Among its professors were Rev. Mr. Stockton and Drs. Swift 
and McElroy, and later Drs. Robert Bruce and John Black. The Uni- 
versity started with a very strong faculty : Dr. Robert Bruce, Principal; 
Rev. John Black, Professor of Ancient Languages ; Rev. E. P. Swift, 
Professor of Moral Science ; Rev. Joseph McElroy, Professor of 
Rhetoric ; and Rev. C B. Maguire, Professor of Modern Languages. 
It was a happy blending of religious denominations : Dr. Bruce, Asso- 
ciate ; Dr. Black, Reformed ; Prof. Swift, Presbyterian ; Prof. McElroy, 
Associate Reformed; and Prof. Maguire, Catholic. 

In 1880 the institutions in Pittsburg for the highei' instruction of 
youth were : one classical academy, one academy for young ladies, four 
privateschools, four sewing schools, one singing school and one music 
school. 

COURT HOUSE AND JAIL. 

Four attorneys had located in Pittsburg before the organization of 
the county — H. H. Brackinridge, John Woods, James Ross and George 
Thompson ; and at the first court, held Dec. 16th, 1788, these and seven 
others were formally admitted and sworn in as members of the Alle- 
gheny county bar, namely, Alexander Addison, David Bradford, James 
Carson, Robert Gailbraith (Deputy Attorney (^reneral), David St. Clair, 
David Reddick and Michael Huff nagle. 

The commissioners appointed by the Act of April 13, 1791, erected 
the first Court House. It was in the Public Square, or Diamond, on the 
west side of Market street ; a square building, built of brick, two stories 
high, with hipped roof, cupola and bell ; the first story for the county 
offices, the court room in the second. It stood until after the second 
Court House was built. 

The first jail was on the corner of Fourth street (now Fourth 
avenue) and Market street. Tradition says it was a log building. By 
Act of February 26, 1817, the (bounty (Commissioners were authorized to 
sell the old jail, purchase another lot and erect a new jail. They pur- 
chased a lot half a square back of the Court House, bounded by Fourth 
street (now Fourth avenue). Ferry street, Dianioiul alley and Jail alley 
(now Decatur street), on which the jail was erected, fronting on Jail 
alley. 

The second Court House was erected on (i rant's hill, on a lot em- 
bracing the square where the present building stands, purchased from 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



91 




Allegheny County Court House. Destroyed by Fire, May, 1882. 



James Ross for |20,000. The corner-stone was laid October 13th, 1836, 
On the same lot, in rear of the Court House, but not adjoining it, was 
erected the tliird jail of the county. Some twenty-five or thirty years 
later the connecting building was erected, with the Criminal Court room 
up stairs. The Court House and jail cost about $200,000. The Court House 
was so nmch damaged by a fire, on Sunday, May 7th, 1882, that it became 
necessary to take it down and rebuild. The whole square is devoted to 
the present Court House, and a lot in the rear, across Ross street, pur- 
chased for the new jail. The greatest loss by the fire was the burning 
of many ancient records of the courts. 

FIRE OF 1845. 

The most disastrous conflagration in the history of the county was 
that in Pittsburg, April 10th, 1845. It commenced about noon of that 
day on the southeast corner of Ferry street, in some frame buildings. 
The weather had been dry for a week or two, water was low, and a 
scarcity of supply in the water pipes. High winds prevailed at the 
time, and increased, as is always the case, as the fire spread. In a few 
minutes the buildings in the square where the fire originated were all 
aflame, and the sparks flying set fire to other buildings, widening and 
spreading before the fierce winds, until one-third of the city was envel- 
oped in a tempest of fire. In the appeal of the citizens to the Legisla- 
ture for relief for the sufferers, prepared by Messrs. C. Darrah and W. 



92 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



McCandless, it is said: "The fire extended along l^orry street south to 
First street, consuming the whole square; it crossed from the south side 
of Third street to the north side, and burned that block, with the excep- 
tion of one or two houses; it passed east on Market street and consumed 
more than one-half the block between Third and Fourth streets; it 
passed up Third street to Diamond alley, and destroyed the larger part 
of the block between Fourth street and Diamond alley to the base of 
Grant's Hill, and consumed all the buildings between Diamond alley 
and the Monongahela river. Its eastern course was only arrested when 
every house or building, with few exceptions, was destroyed. It passed 
from the city into Kensington and destroyed that town. ^- * * The 
burnt district comprised most of the large business houses and many of 
the most valuable factories. Intelligent citizens estimated the extent of 
the fire as covering at least one-third of the geographical extent of the 
city, and two-thirds its value. * * * The loss cannot fall short of six 
or eight million dollars. The bridge over the Monongahela river was 
entirely consumed. The magnificent hotel, erected at a vast expense, 
known as the 'Monongahela House,' is a ruin; cotton factories, iron 
works, hotels, glass-works, and several churches are prostrated in the 
general desolation. It is estimated that not less than eleven hundred 
houses were destroyed, the greater number of which were buildings of a 
large and superior kind." 

The Legislature passed an Act appropriating $50,000 for the relief of 
the sufferers, authorizing the return of certain taxes, and exemption 
for two years to persons who had suffered in the burnt districts. 

From adjoining counties relief also came, in clothing, provisions 
and money, for the sufferers. The donations in money amounted to 
$198,873.40. The number of applicants for relief was 1,011. Four insur- 
ance companies were swamped by their heavy losses, and could pay only 
a small percentage. The burning embers were carried on the winds a 
distance of twenty miles, and in some cases farther. 

WAR RECORD. 

During the war of 1812 Allegheny county furnished two companies, 
one under command of Jas. R. Butler, the "Pittsburg Blues," and the 
other commanded by Capt. Jeremiah Ferree. The Blues went in boats 
to Cincinnati, thence to Gen. Harrison's army on the Maumee. They 
were in the battle of Mississinewa, and also the siege of Fort Meigs, and 
had four men killed and ten wounded. The rigging and cordage for 
(Commodore Periy's fleet were manufactured in Pittsburg and taken up 
the Allegheny river to French Creek, thence up the creek to near its 
head, and then by laud to Erie. 

In the Mexican war of 1846 the county furnished four full companies, 
besides recruits in other companies to nearly another company. The 
Jackson "Blues" were commanded by Wm. ('arlton and Alex. Hays, 
the "Duquesne Grays" by Capt. John Herrou. The other companies 
were under C^apt. Wm. F. Small and Capt. Robert Porter. 

The first popular outburst of feeling against the secession move- 
ment and the treason of Becreiaiy of War John B. Floyd, of Virginia, 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 93 

was here in Pittsburg, In the latter part of December, about the 21st or 
22d, 1860, while .the cotton states were all preparing to secede, and 
South Carolina had passed her ordinance (December 20th), Floyd, in 
pursuance of the secret council of the traitors still holding seats in the 
United States Senate, ordered one hundred and fifty cannons from the 
arsenal in this city to be sent to New Orleans and had the steam boat 
"Silver Wave" at the wharf to receive them. The pretext was that 
they were needed for mounting at Ship Island, in the Gulf. It is likely 
the President and most of cabinet knew nothing of the order, for Mr. 
Stanton was astonished when he heard of it. As soon as the existence of 
such an order was known here public excitement became intense. The 
newspapers of the 25th gave the alarm. A public meeting was held on 
the 26th; telegrams were sent to Mr. Stanton. On the 30th some of the 
cannons were being hauled through the streets to the wharf, guarded by 
United States soldiers. The excited populace filled the streets and 
stopped the wagons. A telegram from Mr. Stanton gave assurance that the 
guns should not be shipped, which allayed the excitement, and shortly 
afterwards the order was rescinded by President Buchanan and Floyd 
dismissed from the cabinet. 

From this time to the close of the war Allegheny county was 
thoroughly loyal. A company of forty Pittsburgers under command of 
C'apt. Robert McDowell marched across the country from Harrisburg to 
Washington, and reported to Secretary Stanton, ready for duty, only 
six days after the firing upon Sumter. On the 10th of May, 1861, a com- 
pany raised in Allegheny City went by boat to Wheeling and joined 
the regiment of Col. Kelly. Advancing towards Grafton along the 
Baltimore & Ohio railroad, the company was cietatched to guard 
Glover's Gap. On the 27th of May they got into a skirmish with a com- 
pany of rebels Capt. C. Jloberts was organizing, when Capt. Roberts 
was killed — perhaps the first rebel killed in the war. Col. Kelly's regi- 
ment was supplied with ammunition from Pittsburg, and with that 
fought the battle of Philippi, the first Union victory of the war. 

During the war one hundred and sixty-four companies were re- 
cruited in Allegheny county, composed, with few exceptions, of citizens 
of the county, and some thirty more companies were recruited largely 
from this county. Besides these there were five independent batteries 
recruited here, mostly from this county. In the otficial records at 
Harrisburg the county is credited with nearly twenty-three thousand 
soldiers. Making a reasonable deduction from other counties, it is safe 
to say that Allegheny iounty put into the field during the war twenty 
thousand of her citizens to assist in suppressing the slave-holders'' re- 
bellion and maintaining the integrity of the union. Four thousand 
perished in the struggle. Some were brought home, and now sweetly 
sleep in our beautiful cemeteries. Others fell on the bloody field and 
were hastily buried, or left where they fell, when their comrades were 
compelled to retreat, with no monument or tablet to tell their resting 
place. 

These figures, liowever, do not tell the whole story. The patriotic 
spirit of our citizens was manifested in the numerous organizations for 



94 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 

ministering to the needs and comforts of the soldiers in the camp or on 
the march, to the suffering on battle fields, the sick and wounded in 
hospitals. The contributions of food and clothing flowed in perpetual 
streams. Physicians, nurses and Christian comforters responded to 
every call. 

But the patriotic and benevolent spirit of our citizens was not con- 
fined to our own soldiers. Pittsburg was the principal station on the 
main line of transportation between the East and West, where the 
troops, going or coming, stopped for refreshments. The Subsistance 
Committee, a voluntary association of our citizens, was organized in 
July, 1861, and continued in existence until the war was over and the 
last soldiers had returned to their homes, the 1st of January, 1866. 
During that time they had furnished a most comfortable meal to 409,745 
soldiers, besides 79,460 sick and wounded in the Soldiers' Home. In 
June, 1864, a Sanitary Fair was held, which realized 1361,516. A part of 
this sum was devoted to the endowment of the Western Pennsylvania 
Hospital, and after defraying all qj^penses, the balance, $203,119.57, was 
handed over to the manageers of the Pittsburg Sanitary Soldiers' 
Home. 



THE JUDICIARY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 

BY J. W. F. WHITE. 



Published in the Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography , in 1883, Vol. VII., No. 2. 



The English system of Jurisprudence prevailed in Pennsylvania during 
the Proprietary Government. It was slightly moditied by the Constitution 
of 1776, and radically changed by the Constitution of 179*0. To understand 
our early courts, we must have some knowledge of the Provincial system. 

The Act of May 22, 1722, which continued in force, with slight amend- 
ments and some interruptions, until after the Revolution, established and 
regulated the courts. Each county had a court of "General Quarter Ses- 
sions of the Peace and Gaol Delivery," for criminal offenses, and a court of 
"Common Pleas," for the trial of civil causes, each court required to hold 
four terms in a year. The Governor was authorized to appoint and com- 
mission "a competent number of Justices of the Peace" for each county; 
and they, or any three of them, could hold the Court of Quarter Sessions, 
He was also authorized to appoint and commission "a competent number 
of persons" to hold the Common Pleas. At first the same persons were 
appointed and commissioned for both courts. But the Act of Sept. 9, 1759. 
]jrohi))ited the Justices of the Quarter Sessions from holding commissions 
as Judges of the Common Pleas. That Act required " five persons of the 
best discretion, capacity, judgment, and integrity" to be commissioned for 
the Common Pleas, any three of whom could hold the court. These justi- 
ces and judges were appointed for life or during good behavior. The Con- 
stitution of 1776 limited them to a term of seven years, but the Constitution 
of 1790 restored the old rule of appointment for life or good behavior. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



The Orphans' Court wag established by Act of March 29, 1713, to be 
held by the Justices of the Quarter Sessions. But the Act of 1759 changed 
this, and made the Judges of the Common Pleas the Judges of the Orphans' 
Court. 

The Act of 1722 established a Supreme Court of three Judges, after- 
wards increased to four, who reviewed, ou writs of error, the proceedings 
in the county courts, and were also Judges of the Court of Oyer and Ter- 
miner, for the trial of all capital felonies, for which purpose they visited 
each county twice a year. The Act of May 31, 1718, made the following- 
offences punishable with death: treason, misprision of treason, murder, 
manslaughter, sodomy, rape, robbery, mayhem, arson, burglary, witchcraft, 
and concealing the birth of a bastard child. 

On the night of Nov. 24, 1758, the French blew up, destroyed, and de- 
serted Fort Duquesne; the next day General Forbes took possession of the 
ruins, and commenced Fort Pitt. Ten years thereafter, by the treaty of 
Fort Stanwix (Nov. 5, 1768), the Indian title to all lands south of the Ohio 
and Monongahela, and up the Allegheny as far as Kittanning, was ceded to 
the Penns, and four mouths later (March 27, 1769), the "Manor of Pitts- 
burgh " was surveyed. At that time all north of the Ohio and Allegheny 
was Indian territory. lu October, 1770, George Washington visited Pitts- 
burgh and estimated the number of houses at about twenty, which, count- 
ing six persons to a house, would give a total population of one hundred 
and twenty, of men, women and children. 

All this region of the State was then in Cumberland County. Bedford 
County was erected by Act of 9 March, 1771, and all west of the mountains 
was included in it. Our courts were then held in Bedford. The first court 
held there was April 1, 1771. The scattered settlers of the West were repre- 
sented by George Wilson, Wm. Crawford, Thomas Gist, and Dorsey Pen- 
tecost, who were Justices of the Peace and Judges of the Court. The 
court divided the county into townships. Pitt Township (including Pitts- 
burgh) embraced the greater part of the present county of Allegheny, and 
portions of Beaver, Washington, and Westmoreland, and had fifty-two land 
owners, twenty tenants, and thirteen single freemen. 

Westmoreland County was formed out of Bedford, by Act of Feb. 26, 
1773, and embraced all of the Province west of the mountains. The Act 
directed the courts to be held at the house of Robert Ha una, until a court- 
house should be built. Robert Hauna lived in a log house about three miles 
north-east of where Greeusburg now stands. 

Five trustees were named in the act to locate the county seat and erect 
the public buildings. Robert Hauna and Joseph Erwin were two of them; 
Hanna rented his house to Erwin to be kept as a tavern, and got the ma- 
jority of the trustees to recommend his place— where a few other cabins 
were speedily erected, and the place named Hannastowii — for the county 
seat. Gen. Arthur St. Clair and a minority of the trustees recommended 
Pittsburgh This difference of opinion, and the unsettled condition of af- 
fairs during the Revolution, delayed the matter until 1787, when the county 
seat was fixed at Greensburg. In 1775 Hannastown had twenty-five or 
thirty cabins, having about as many houses and inhabitants as Pittsburgh. 
Now its site is scarcel}^ known. The town was burnt by the Indians in 
July, 1782, but the houses of Hanna, being adjacent to the fort, escaped, 
and the courts continued to be held at his house until October, 1786; the 
first at Greensburg was in January, 1787. 

The Hannastown Courts. 

During all the time the courts were held at Hannastown, Pittsburgh 
was in Westmoreland County. The first court was held April 6, 1773, 
William Crawford was the first presiding justice. He resided on the Yough- 
iogheny, opposite where Connellsville now stands. He had been a Justice 
of the Peace while the territory was in Cumberland County, and afterwards 
when it was in Bedford County. In 1775 he took sides with Virginia in the 
border contest, and was removed. He was the Col. Crawford who con- 
ducted the unfortunate expedition against the Indians on the Sandusky, 
and suffered such a cruel death at their hands. Col. Wm. Crawford was a 



96 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



gentleman of the old school— intelligent, accomplished, brave, patriotic. 
He was the personal friend of Washington, and served with him under 
Gen. Braddock. His death cast a cloud of sorrow and gloom over all the 
settlements west of the mountains. 

Under the Provincial system the Justices elected their own president. 
By Act of Jan. 38, 1777, the President and Executive Council (under the 
Constitution of 1776) appointed and commissioned one as presiding justice. 
Among the first, thus regularly appointed and commissioned, was John 
Moor. 

John Mook was born in Lancaster County in 1738. His father died 
when he was a small boy. and about the year 1757 his mother, with her 
family, moved west of the mountains. At the breaking out of the Revolu- 
tion, in 1775, he lived on a farm of 400 acres, on Crabtree Run, in West- 
moreland County, which he was clearing, and on which he had erected a 
stone house for his residence, indicating that he was one of the most intel- 
ligent and enterprising farmers of his day. He was a member of the Con- 
vention that met in Philadelphia, July 15, 1776, to frame the Constitution 
for the State; took an active part in the Convention, and was appointed 
one of the "Council of Ssifety " in the early part of the war. In 1777 he 
was commissioned a Justice of the Peace for Westmoreland County, in 1779 
a Judge of the Common Pleas; and in 1785 President Judge. Not being a 
lawyer, he could not hold that position after the adoption of the Constitu- 
tion of 1790. In 1792 he was elected to the State Senate from the district 
composed of Allegheny and Westmoreland counties. He died in 1812, 
leaving two sons and four daughters. One son was county surveyor of 
Westmoreland County; the other was a civil engineer, and died in Ken- 
tucky. The daughters were respectively married to Major John Kirkpat- 
rick, a merchant of Greensburg; John M. Snowden, afterwards Associate 
Judge of Allegheny County; Rev. Francis Laird, D. D. ; and James McJun- 
kin, a farmer of Westmoreland County. 

At the first court held at Hannastown, the "Rates for Tavern Keepers 
in Westmoreland County" were fixed, and among the rates were these:— 

Whiskey, per gill 4d. 

West India Rum, per gill 6d. 

Toddy, per gill Is. 

A bowl of West India Rum Toddy, containing one-half 

pint, with loaf sugar ... Is. Od. 

Cider, per quart Is. 

Strong Beer, per quart 8d. 

At the same session a jail was ordered to be erected. It was made of 
round, unhewn logs, one story high, and had but one small room, where 
men and women, whites, blacks, and Indians were confined together. The 
jail was mainly to confine the prisoners until trial, for imprisonment was 
not generally a part of the sentence after conviction. Punishments were 
fines, whipping, standing in the pillory or stocks, cropping the ears, and 
branding. The whipping-post, which stood in front of the jail, was stout 
sapling, placed firmly in the ground, with a crosspiece above the head, to 
which the hands of the culprit were tied, while the lashes were iufilcted by 
the sheriff on his bare back. The pillory consisted of a low platform, on 
which the culprit stood, with uprights supporting a frame with openings in 
it. through which his head and hands projected. At common law every 
passer-by might cast one stone Tat the projecting head. The stocks were 
also a rude framework, on which the culprit sat, his legs projecting through 
openings in front. When no regular stocks were at hand, the custom was 
to lift the corner of a rail fence and thrust the legs between the two lower 
rails. 

At the October sessions of''1778, James Brigland was convicted on two 
indictments for larceny; on the first, sentenced to pay a fine of twenty 
shillings, and receive ten lashes at the whipping-post; and on the second, 
twenty lashes. Luke Picket, for larceny, twenty-one lashes, and Patrick 
J. Masterson, for the some offence, fifteen lashes. At the January session. 
1774, Wm. Howard, for a felony, was sentenced to receive thirty lashes on 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 97 



the bare back, well laid on, and afterward stand one hour in the pillory* 
This was the first sentence to the pillory. At every succeeding term of 
court numerous parties received punishments by whipping, standing in the 
pillory, branding, etc. At the October sessions, 1775, Elizabeth Smith ad- 
mitted she had stolen some small articles from James Kincaid, to whom she 
was indentured. She was sentenced to pay a fine, and receive fifteen lashes 
on the bare back. But Mr. Kincaid complained that he had lost her ser- 
vices for the four days she was in jail, and had been at some expense in 
prosecuting; whereupon the court ordered her to make up said loss, and to 
serve her said master and his assigns two years after the expiration of her 
indentures. At the April sessions, 1782, James McGill was sentenced to be 
whipped, stand in the pillory, have his right ear cropped, and be branded 
in the forehead. At the April sessions, 1783, John Smith, for a felony, was 
sentenced to pay a fine of twenty pounds, receive thirty-nine lashes on his 
back, well laid on; stand in the pillory one hour, and have his ears cut off 
and nailed to the pillory. At the July sessions, 1788, Jane Adamson, a ser- 
vant of Samuel Sample, had one year added to her indenture for having a 
bastard child. 

The first person convicted of murder, and hung, west of the mountains, 
was an Indian of the Delaware tribe, by the name of Mamachtaga. In 
1785, in a drunken spree at Pittsburgh, he crossed the river to the Allegheny 
side, nearly opposite Killbuck Island, and killed a white man by the name of 
Smith. He was tried at Hannastown in the fall of that year, before Chief- 
Justice McKean. Hugh H. Brackenridge was his counsel. When brought 
into court he refused, at first, to plead "not guilty:" for that, he said, 
would be a lie; he did kill Smith, but said he was drunk at the time, and 
did not know what he was doing. The Chief Justice, however, held that 
drunkenness was no excuse for murder. After his conviction and sentence 
to death, a little daughter of the jailor fell dangerously ill. He said if they 
would let him go to the woods he could get some roots that would cure her. 
He went, got the roots, and they cured her. The day before his execution 
he asked permission to go to the woods to get some roots to paint his face 
red, that he might die like a warrior. The jailer went with him, he got the 
roots, returned to the jail, and the next day was executed, painted as a 
brave warrior. The gallows was a rude structure, with a ladder leading up 
to the cross-beam, from which a rope was suspended. The sheriff and pris- 
oner ascended the ladder, the rope was tied about his neck, and then the 
sheriff shoved him off the ladder. The first time the rope broke. The 
poor Indian, strangled and bewildered, supposed that that was all, and he 
would then be let go. But the sheriff procured another rope, and he was 
again compelled to ascend the ladder. This time the majesty of the white 
man's law was vindicated by the death of the red man, for a crime com- 
mitted in a frenzy fit, occasioned by whisky the white man had given him. 

During the trial the Chief Justice and his associate Judge were arrayed 
in scarlet robes, as was the custom in those days. The grave demeanor and 
glittering robes of the Judges deeply impressed the poor unlettered son of 
the forest. He could not believe they were mortals, but regarded them as 
some divine personages. 

xis there was no court-house at Hannastown, the courts were always held 
in the house of Robert Hanna. Parties, jurors, witnesses and lawyers were 
crowded together in a small room, nearly all standing. The Judges occu- 
pied common hickory chairs, raised on a clapboard bench at one side. 

During the Revolutionary War, while the courts met regularly, but 
little business was transacted, and the laws were not rigidly enforced. At 
the October sessions, 1781, only one constable attended, and he was from 
Pittsburgh. 

Virginia Courts in Pittsburgh. 

The first courts held in Pittsburgh were Virginia Courts, administering 
the laws of Virginia. They were held under authority of Lord Dunmore, 
Governor of Virginia. The first court was held Feb. 21, 1775. 

As soon as the country west of the mountains began to be settled, a 
controversy sprang up between Pennsylvania and Virginia as to which 
owned the territory. The charter of Charles II. to Wm. Penn, was dated 



98 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



March 4, 1681, and created the Province of Pennsylvania. Vir^t^inia was an 
older colony. A royal charter had been granted to a company in 1609, with 
very indefinite boundaries for their territory. But the charter was dissolved 
in 1624, and thereafter Virginia became a croicn colony — that is, under the con- 
trol and government of the King of England, and not under a proprietary 
government, like that of Pennsylvania under Wm. Penn, or Maryland under 
Lord Baltimore. These were called provinces, not colonies. The controversy 
between Wm. Penn and Lord Baltimore, as to the line between their prov- 
inces, was settled in 1767 by two surveyors chosen for the purpose — Chas. 
Mason and Jeremiah Dixon — and the line was thereafter known as Mason 
and Dixon's line. But that line extended only as far as Maryland, and did 
not fix the boundary between Pennsylvania and Virginia. Virginia claimed, 
in a general way, all west of the mountains, but more especially all lying 
between the Monongahela and Ohio rivers. She surveyed, sold, and 
granted patents to numerous tracts of land lying within the present counties 
of Allegheny and Washington. The organization of Westmoreland Coun- 
ty, 1773, roused Virginia to an active assertion of her claim. Lord Dun- 
more appointed Dr. John Connolly, then residing at Pittsburgh, as his agent 
and representative, to enforce the claims of Virginia. On the first of Jan., 
1774, he published a manifesto, as "Captain and commandant of the Militia 
of Pittsburgh and its Dependencies," assuring the settlers "on the Western 
Waters " of his protection, and commanding them to meet him for confer- 
ence, on the 25th of the same month, at Pittsburgh. 

Arthur St. Clair, a Justice of the Peace of Westmoreland County, 
issued a warrant against Connolly, on which he was arrested and imprisoned 
for a short time. After he got out of jail he obtained from Lord Dun- 
more a commission as a Justice of the Peace for Augusta County, Va., this 
being then considered a part of that county. Connolly then issued war- 
rants on which Justices of the Peace of Westmoreland County were ar- 
rested and imprisoned. 

The controversy between the two State jurisdictions continued in this 
irregular way for a year. The settlers generally sided with Virginia, for 
the price of lands under the Virginia laws was considerably less than under 
the Pennsylvania laws. 

The Governor of Virginia and his agent, Connolly, enforced their pre- 
tensions by holding regular courts in Pittsburgh. The first court was held 
Feb. 21, 1775. The Justices of the Peace of Augusta County, who held 
this court, were Geo. Croghan, John Campbell, John Connolly, Dorsey 
Pentecost, Thomas Smallman, and John Gibson. John Gibson was an 
uncle of Chief Justice Gibson. The court continued in session four days, 
and then adjourned to Staunton, Va. Courts were also held in May and 
September of that year. Connolly attended the court in May, but soon 
after that the Revolutionary War broke out, when he and Lord Dunmore 
fled to the British Camp, never to return. 

The regular Virginia Courts continued to be held at Pittsburgh, for 
West Augusta County, as it was then called, until Nov. 30, 1776. The ter- 
ritory was then divided into three counties, called Ohio, Yohogania. and 
Monongalia. Pittsburgh was in Yohogania County, which embraced the 
greater portions of the present counties of Allegheny and Washington. 
The courts of this county were held regularly until the 28th of August, 
1780. They were sometimes held in Pittsburgh, sometimes in or near the 
present town of Washington, but the greater portion of the time on the 
farm of Andrew Heath, on the Monongahela River, near the present line 
between Allegheny and Washington County, where a log court-house and 
jail were erected. 

At the October session of 1773. of the court of Westmoreland County, at 
Hannastown, a true bill for a misdemeanor was found by the grand jury, 
against the notorious Simon Girty. Process was issued for his arrest, but 
he escaped. On the second day of the Virginia Court, at Pittsburgh, Feb. 
22, 1775, he took the oath of allegiance to Virginia, and had a commis- 
sion as lieutenant of the militia of Pittsburgh. On the same day Robert 
Hanna was brought into court, and, refusing to take the oath, was bound, 
with two sureties, in a thousand pounds, to keep the peace for a year 
towards Virginia. On the same day the sheriff was ordered to emplcy 



OP ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 99 



workmen to build a ducking-stool at the confluence of the Ohio with the 
Monongahela River. The ducking-stool was the favorite old English meth- 
od of punishing scolding wives. It was constructed on the "see-saw " prin- 
ciple. On one end of the plank was a chair firmly fastened, in which the 
scolding dame was tied, and her fiery temper cooled by repeated dips in the 
cold water. 

At the May court, 1775, Wm. Crawford, who presided at the first court 
at Hannastown, look the oath of allegiance to Virginia. At the April court, 
1776, Daniel Leet took the oath of allegiance. And so at every term of the 
court, numerous persons gave in their allegiance to Virginia. On the 27th of 
June, 1777, the sherifl: was ordered to have erected a pair of stocks and a 
whipping-post in the court-house yard. This, no doubt, was at the court- 
house on Andrew Heath's farm, for no court-house was erected at Pitts- 
burgh during the Virginia regime. On the same day (June 37, 1777,) James 
Johnson was thrice fined for profanity. The record reads: "Upon infor- 
mation of Zachariah Connell," he was convicted of " two profane oaths, and 
two profane curses" — fined twenty shillings. Upon information of Isaac 
Cox, he was convicted "of three profane oaths, and one profane curse" — 
fined twenty shillings. And upon information of James Campbell he was 
convicted " of four profane oaths," and fined one pound. 

On Dec. 22, 1777, it was ordered by the court " that the ordinary keep- 
ers (tavern-keepers) within this county be allowed to sell at the following 
rates," viz : — 

One-half pint Whisky Is. 

The same made into Toddy Is. 6d. 

Beer per quart Is. 

For hot Breakfast Is. 6d. 

" cold " Is. 

" Dinner 2s. 

" Supper Is. 6d. 

" Lodging, with deem sheets, per night 6d. 

April 20, 1779, it was "ordered that a pair of stocks, whipping-post, 
and pillory be erected in the court-house yard by next term." June 26, 
1780, " ordered that Paul Matthews be allowed $2000 for erecting whipping- 
post, stocks, and pillory." This is among the last records of the Virginia 
Courts. The whipping post, stocks, and pillory were, no doubt, very rude, 
inexpensive structures, and the amount allowed for them seems extrava- 
gant. But that was during the Revolutionary War, when the only cur- 
rency was Continental money, not worth two cents on the dollar. 

For five years, from 1775 to 1780. the jurisdiction of Virginia over 
Pittsburgh and all the territory across the Monongahela and Ohio, was su- 
preme, and almost undisturbed. Taxes were levied and collected, and all 
county offices filled by Virginia authority. Courts for the trial of all civil 
causes, and criminal offenses; for laying out roads, granting chartered 
privileges, settling the estates of decedents, etc., etc., were regularly held. 

Negotiations had been going on for several years between the two 
States, for settling the boundary question. Terms were finally agreed upon, 
Sept. 23, 1780. Commissioners were appointed to extend Mason and Dixon's 
line, which thus became the southern boundary of Pennsylvania, and to 
fix the western corner, according to the terms agreed upon. The jurisdic- 
tion of Virginia was withdrawn, and that of Pennsylvania extended over 
the territory. 

Allegheny County C urts. 

Washington County was erected by Act of March 28th, 1781. It em- 
braced all that part of the State lying west of the Monongahela and south 
of the Ohio. But Pittsburgh remained in Westmoreland County. Fayette 
County was formed Feb. 17, 1784. 

Allegheny County was established by Act of Sept. 24, 1788. It em 
braced portions of Westmoreland and Washington counties, and all the ter- 
ritory north of the Ohio and west of the Allegheny, from which were after- 
wards formed the counties of Armstrong, Beaver, Butler, Crawford, Erie, 
Lawrence, Mercer, Venango, and Warren, and parts of Indiana and Clarion. 



100 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 




OiA) Town Hall, Allegheny City, Torn Down in 1863. 

From a Photograph in the Possession of Mk. Chas. E. Wolfendale, of 
Allegheny City. 



The Act appointed trustees to select lots in the reserved tract opposite 
to Pittsburgh, on which to erect a court-house. But that was changed by 
the Act of April 18, 1791, which directed the public buildings to be erected 
in Pittsburgh. 

The iirst court— Quarter Sessions— was held Dec. 16, 1788, by George 
Wallace, President, and Joseph Scott, John Wilkins, and John Johnson, 
Associates. A letter was read from Mr. Bradford, Attorney-General, ap- 
pointing Robert Galbraith, Esq., his deputy, who was sworn in; and on 
his motion the following persons were admitted as members of the bar, viz: 
Hugh H. Brackenridge, John Wood^, James Ross, George Thompson, Al- 
exander Addison, David Bradley, James Carson, David St. Clair, and 
Michael Huflfnagle, Esqs. 

The first term of the Common Pleas was held March 14, 1789. The Ap- 
pearance Docket contained fifty-six cases. The brief minute says the court 
was held "before George Wallace and his Associates," without naming 
them. The same minute is made for the June and September Terms of that 
year. After that no name is given. The old minutes of the court and 
other records and papers of the early courts were in an upper room of the 
court-house, and were destroyed in the tire of May, 1882. 

The Constitution of Sept. 2, 1790, and the Act of Assembly following 
it, April VS, 1791, made radical changes in the judicial system of the State. 
Justices of the Peace were no longer Judges ()f the courts. The State was 
divided into Circuits or Judicial Districts, composed of not less than three 
nor more than six counties. A President Judge was appointed by the Gov- 
ernor for each district, and Associate Judges, not less than three nor more 
than four, for each county. The Associate Judges could hold the Quarter Ses 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 101 



sions and Common Pleas. All Judges were commissioned for life or during 
good behavior. The Constitution did not require any of the Judges to be 
"learned in the law," but, no doubt, it was understood that the Judges of 
the Supreme Court, and the President Judges of the Districts, were to be 
experienced lawyers. By the Act of Feb. 24, 1806, the Associate Judges 
of each county were reduced to two. 

The State was divided into five Circuits or Districts. The counties of 
Westmoreland. Fayette, Washington, and Allegheny composed the fifth 
District. The new judicial system went into operation Sept. 1, 1791. 

The first Judges commissioned for Allegheny County, their commission 
bearing date Oct. 9, 1788, were George Wallace, President, and John Metz- 
gar, Michael Hillman, and Robert Ritchie, Associates. They were the 
Judges until the re-orgauization under the Constitution of 1790. 

George Wallace was not a lawyer, but had been a Justice of the Peace 
since 1784, and was a man of good education. He owned the tract of land 
known as "Braddock's Fields," where he lived in comfortable circumstan- 
ces, and where he died. 

Upon the re-organization of the courts under the Constitution of 1790, 
Alex. Addison was appointed President Judge of the fifth District, his com- 
mission bearing date Aug. 17, 1791. His Associates for Allegheny County, 
commissioned the same day, were George Wallace, John Wilkins, Jr., 
John McDowell, and John Gibson. 

Alexander Addison was the first Law Judge of Allegheny County. 
He was born in Scotland in 1759, educated at Edinburg, and licenced to 
preach by the Presbytery of Aberlowe. He emigrated to Pennsylvania in 
early life, and on the 20th of Dec, 1785, applied to the Presbytery of Red- 
stone (Brownsville) to be admitted. He was not regularly received into the 
Presbytery, but was authorized to preach within its bounds. He preached 
for a short time at Washington, but read law and was admitted to the bar of 
that county in 1787. 

"He was a man of culture, erudition, correct principles, and thor- 
oughly imbued with love for the good of society. These characteristics 
are seen in his letters, essays, charges to grand juries, and reports of his 
judicial decisions. They embrace a scope of thought and strength of logic, 
marking a fine intellect and extensive knowledge; and they exhibit a patri- 
otism of the purest lustre, set in a bright constellation of virtues. 

"Judge Addison lived and executed his functions among a sturdy 
people, amid the troubles, excirements, dangers, and factions, which fol- 
lowed the adoption of the Federal Constitution of 1787, and attended the 
enforcement of the excise law of the United States, which culminated in 
the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794. His patriotic instincts and love of the 
public welfare led him, by means of charges to the grand juries, to discuss, 
frequently, the underlying principles of government, the supremacy of the 
laws, and the necessity of due subordination to rightful authority — a duty 
which he felt urgently incumbent upon him in the disturbed condition of 
affairs. Though, at the time, controverted by partisanship and hatred of 
authority, owing to the peculiar hardships of the early settlers, these efforts 
are this day among the best expositions of the principles of free govern- 
ment, the necessity of order and obedience to law. No one can read his 
charge to the grand jury of Allegheny County, Sept. 1, 1794, without feel- 
ing himself in the presence of and listening, with uncovered head, to a 
great man, whose virtues of heart equaled his qualities of head." — Address 
of Hon. B. Agnew at Centennial Celebration Washington County. 

Judge Addison was a Federalist in politics; a warm supporter of the 
administrations of Washington and John Adams. During Washington's 
administration the French Revolution broke out. As France had assisted 
us in our revolutionary struggle against England, there was in this country 
a strong feeling of 'sympathy with France, and some leading men and 
newspapers clamorously demanded that our governmeut should aid France 
in her war with England. But Washington maintained a position of strict 
neutrality; so did John Adams. The country was filled with French emis- 
saries, and secret political societies were formed, similar to the Jacobin 
Clubs of France. The Alien and Sedition laws, passed by Congress during 



102 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



Adams's administration, to counteract the efforts of these emissaries and 
secret chibs, served only to increase the excitement, and culminated in a 
political revolution. Jefferson was elected President over Adams, in 1800, 
and the same party carried Pennsylvania, electing Thomas McKean Gov- 
ernor in 1799. ^ ,. o ^ , T^ T 

Judge Addison's bold, manly, and patriotic stand .m favor oi the Fed- 
eral Government during the Whiskey Insurrection, and his equally bold, 
manly, and patriotic stand against French emissaries and secret political 
societies, caused him many enemies. H. H. Brackenridge was bitter and 
unrelenting in his hostility. As soon as the new political party got into 
power. Judge Addison was a doomed man. John B. C. Lucas was ap- 
pointed Associate Judge of Allegheny County, July 17, 1800. He was a 
Frenchman and intensely hostile to Judge Addison. As soon as he took 
his seat on the bench, he commenced to annoy and provoke Judge Addison. 
Although a layman, he would frequently differ with the Judge on points of 
law, and actually charged petit juries in opposition to the views of the 
President Judge. He also insisted on reading a written harangue to a 
grand jury, in opposition to some views expressed by Judge Addison to a 
previous grand jury. Judge Addison and Judge McDowell, who consti- 
tuted a majority of the court on that occasion, remonstrated against such 
conduct on the part of Lucas, and stopped him. 

That gave a pretext for legal proceedings against Judge Addison. The 
first movement was an application to the Supreme Court to tile an informa- 
tion, in the nature of an indictment, against him for a misdemeanor in 
office. The Supreme Court dismissed it, saying that the papers did not 
show an indictable offence (4 Dallas, R. 225.) The next step was to have 
him impeached by the Legislature. The House ordered the impeachment, 
and the Senate tried and convicted him. The articles of impeachment con- 
tained nothing but the two charges: (1) That when Lucas charged the petit 
jury, Judge Addison told them they should not regard what he said, be- 
cause it had nothing to do with the case; and (2) Preventing him from 
charging the grand jury, as above stated. 

No person can read the report of the trial without feeling that it was a 
legal farce; that gross injustice was done Judge Addison from the begin- 
ning to the end, and that the whole proceeding was a disgrace to the State. 
The trial took place at Lancaster, where the Legislature sat. The House 
and Senate refused to give him copies of certain papers, or to give assist 
ance in procuring witnesses from Pittsburgh for his defence. The speeches 
of counsel against him, and the rulings of the Senate on questions raised in 
the progress of the trial, were characterized by intense partisan feeling. It 
was not a judicial trial, but a partisan scheme to turn out a political oppo- 
nent. It resulted in deposing one of the purest, best, and ablest Judges 
that ever sat on the bench in Pennsylvania. 

The sentence was pronounced by the Senate, Jan. 27, 1803, removing 
him as President Judge from the fifth District, and declaring him forever 
disqualified from holding a judicial office in the State. 

Judge Addison presided in our courts for twelve years. The volume 
of reports he published in 1800 shows his legal ability, and the great variety 
and number of new, intricate, and important causes tried by him. 

He died at Pittsburgh Nov. 27, 1807, leaving a widow, three sons, and 
four daughters. 

Samuel Roberts succeeded Judge Addison, was commissioned April 
80, 1803, and held the office until his death, in 1820. 

Judge Roberts was born in Philadelphia, Sept. 8, 1763; was educated 
and studied law in that city, and was admitted to the bar in 1793. He 
was married the same year to Miss Maria Heath, of York, Pa. After his 
marriage he moved to Lancaster, and commenced the practice of law, but 
soon moved to Sunbury, where he was practicing at the time he was 
appointed Judge of this district. 

Judge Roberts was a good lawyer, and a very worthy, upright man. 
He had the respect and confidence of the bar, but it is said he was so indul- 
gent to the lawyers, that the business of the court was rather retarded. He 
built for himself a fine residence, a mile or so out of town at that time, but 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 103 



now in the compact part of the city, near the present Roberts Street, in the 
11th Ward, where he died, Dec. 13, 1820. He left eight children — five sons 
and three daughters. 

While Judge Roberts was on the bench he published a Digest of the 
British Statutes in force, in whole or in part, in Pennsylvania, with notes 
and illustrations, which has been the standard work on the subject ever 
since. This volume, and the Supreme Court reports of cases he tried, prove 
that he was a most industrious and conscientious Judge. 

The first person convicted of murder and executed in this county, was 
Thomas Dunning. He was tried before Judge Addison, and hung on 
Boyd's Hill, Jan. 33, 1793. James Ewalt was then the Sheriff. 

The next was John Tiernan, convicted of the murder of Patrick Camp- 
bell, Dec. 7, 1817. He was tried Jan. 12, 1818, before Judge Roberts, with 
Francis McClure, Associate. Campbell was a contractor on the Pittsburgh 
and Greensburg Turnpike. Tiernan was a laborer on the turnpike, living in a 
cabin on the hill this side of Turtle Creek, and Campbell boarded with him. 
At night, when asleep iu his bed, Tiernan killed him with an axe, robbed his 
body, and fled, riding ofl:" on Campbell's horse. A few days after he ap- 
peared on the streets of Pittsburgh with the horse, and was arrested. Wm. 
Wilkins and Richard Biddle appeared for the Commonwealth, and Walter 
Forward, Chas. Shaler, and Samuel Kingston for the prisoner. He was 
hung at the foot of Boyd's Hill. The event became an epoch iu our his- 
tory, from which witnesses in court, and others, would fix the date of oc- 
currences, being so many years before or after the hanging of Tiernan. 

William Wilkins succeeded Judge Roberts. Judge Roberts had been 
sick for some time, and, in anticipation of his death, the friends of Mr. 
Wilkins had arranged for his appointment. Wilkins had been a warm sup- 
porter of Gov. Wm. Findlay, who was beaten by Jos. Hiester, in the hotl}" 
contested election in the fall of 1820. Findlay's term would expire Dec. 
18th. Roberts died on the night of Dec. 13th. There were no railroads or 
telegraphs then. Simon Small, an old stage driver, was dispatched as a 
special messenger to Harrisburg, with letters for Wilkins' s appointment. 
He rode on horseback, and by relays at the stage offices, succeede J in reach- 
ing Harrisburg late at night, the last night of Gov. Findlay's term. The 
Governor was aroused from sleep, and, between 11 and 12 o'clock, the 
commission of Wilkins was signed. An hour or two's delay in the ride 
would have resulted in another Judge, for the next day Gov. Hiester was 
inaugurated. 

Wm. Wilkins was born Dec. 20, 1779. His father moved to Pittsburgh 
in 1786. He was educated at Dickinson College, and read law with Judge 
Watt, at Carlisle. He was admitted to the bar in Pittsburgh, 1801. He was 
appointed President Judge of the fifth District, Dec. 18, 1820; resigned May 
25, 1824, when appointed Judge of the District Court of the United States, 
for Western Pennsylvania. In 1828, when on the bench of the United 
States District Court, he was elected a member of Congress, but, before 
taking his seat, resigned, giving as a reason that his pecuniary circum- 
stances were such, he could not give up the Judgeship to accept a seat in 
Congress. But in 1831 he was elected to the Senate of the United States 
for the full term of six years, and resigned the Judgeship. He was an ar- 
dent friend and supporter of General Jackson in opposition to John C. Cal- 
houn and his nullification doctrines. As chairman of the Senate Com- 
mittee he reported the bill, which passed Congress, authorizing the Presi- 
dent to use she army and navy to enforce the collection of revenue, and 
suppress the nullification movement. 

In 1834 he was appointed Minister to Russia, and remained one year at 
the Court of St. Petersburg. When a member of the Senate, and just before 
leaving for Russia, it is said, he was in very straitened pecuniary circum- 
stances. His property was covered with mortgages to its full value, and some 
of his creditors were so clamorous that he had to exercise great circumspec- 
tion, as imprisonment for debt had not then been abolished. When he return- 
ed from Russia he was a wealthy man. The great and sudden boom in the 
price of real estate enabled him to sell his homestead, where the Monouga- 
heia House now stands, for ten times its value three years before, which, 



104 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



with what he managed to get and save while abroad, gave liim the means to 
pay all his debts, and have considerable left. 

In 1842 he was again elected to the House of Representatives of Con- 
gress. After the explosion of the monster gun on the Princeton, Feb. 28, 
1844, which killed Mr. Upshur, Secretary of State, and Mr Gilmer, Secretary 
of War, Mr. Wilkins was appointed, by President Tyler, Secretary of War, 
which office he held until March, 1845. 

In 1855 he was elected to the State Senate from this county, for one 
term. 

Although over 80 years of age when the war of the Rebellion broke out. 
and a staunch Democratthegreaterpart of hislife, Mr. Wilkins took an active 
part in support of the government and rousing the patriotic spirit of the 
country. As Major-General of the Home Guards, he appeared, mounted and 
in full uniform, at the grand review on West Common. His dress, age, and 
venerable form added greatly to the interest and eclat of the occasion. 

Judge Wilkins was one of Pittsburgh's most enterprising men of the 
olden times. It was through his efforts, mainly, that the first bridge over 
the Monongahela was erected, the Pittsburgh and Greensburg Turnpike, and 
the Pittsburgh and Steubenville Turnpike built, and the charter for the old 
Bank of Pittsburgh obtained. He was president of the first company 
organized to foster and encourage our home manufactures, the "Pittsburgh 
Manufacturing Co." It was in 1811, when money was exceedingly scarce. 
The company was organized to aid mechanics and manufacturers, by re- 
ceiving their products, such as hoes, shovels, sickles, etc., for which certifi- 
cates were issued, payable when the articles were sold, and these certificates 
circulated like paper money. This manufacturing company was changed 
into the Bank of Pittsburgh in 1814, the stockholders being nearly the 
same, and Wm. Wilkins the first president. 

Judge Wilkins had fine natural abilities, and great aptitude for the dis- 
patch of business, which made him popular as a man and Judge. But his 
quick, impulsive nature, his disinclination to close and continued study, and 
his lack ot patience in the mastery of details, unfitted him for a high de- 
gree of eminence on the bench. 

Judge Wilkins was twice married. His first wife died within a year, 
leaving no children. Ills second wife was Miss Matilda Dallas, sister of 
Trevanion B. Dallas, afterwards Judge in this county, and of Geo. M. Dal- 
las, Vice-President during President Polk's administration. By her he had 
three sons and four daughters. His son Charles was a brilliant young law- 
yer of California, but died early; Dallas died when a boy; Richard Biddle 
died shortly after his father. One daughter married Capt. John Sanders, of 
the U. S. Army; one Mr. Overton Carr, of the U. S. Navy; one Mr. Jas. A. 
Hutchinson, and one never married. None of his descendants now live in 
this county, except one grandson. 

Judge Wilkins died at his residence, at Homewood, June 28, 1865. in 
his 86th year. 

Charles Shalek succeeded Wm. Wilkins as Judge of the county courts. 
He was born in Connecticut in 1788, and educated at Yale. His father was 
one of the commissioners to lay off the Western Reserve in Ohio, and pur- 
chased a large tract of land, known as Shalersville, near Ravenna, Ohio. His 
son, Charles Shaler, went to Ravenna in 1809 to attend to the lands, and 
was admitted to the bar there. He moved to Pittsburgh, and was admitted 
to the bar here in 1813. He was Recorder of the Mayor's Court of Pitts- 
l)urgh from 1818 to 1821. June 5, 1824, he was commissioned Judge of Com- 
mon Pleas; occupied the bench eleven years, resigning May 4, 1835. He 
was appointed Associate Judge of the District Court of the county May 6, 
1841, and held that office three years, resigning May 20, 1844. 

In 1853, he was appointed by President Pierce IJ. S. District Attorney for 
the Western District of Pennsylvania. 

In early life Judge Shaler was a Federalist, but for the last fifty years of 
his life was a staunch Democrat, taking an active part in politics, always 
willing to enter the contest, and be the standard bearer of his party, not- 
withstanding the prospect was certain defeat. He was never elected to a 
political office, and perhaps never desired one. Politics were to him merely 
as an excitement and relaxation from the laborious duties of his profession. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 105 



He had fine legal abilities, was an able advocate, close student, and most 
industrious lawyer. He was an early riser, and nearly every morning could 
be seen on the streets, taking his morning walk, long before the shops and 
stores were open. He had a quick, fiery temper, which frequently flashed 
forth in sudden outbursts of passion; but, like the outbursts in all men of 
impulsive natures, they soon passed away. Within that impassioned breast 
was one of the warmest, tenderest, and most generous hearts that ever 
beat in sympathy with human frailties or misfortunes. And Charles Shaler 
was the very soul of honor. \~zi 

The sense of honor is absolutely essential to true manhood. Without 
it man is a brute or hypocrite. It is quite distinct from the moral or relig- 
ious sense. Many a man leads a moral life from selfish considerations, the 
fear of the law, or public opinion. Many a church member is exemplary in 
all his religious duties, but at heart excessively mean. He does not hesitate 
to prevaricate, or do a mean act, to escape from a hard bargain. The man 
of a high sense of honor scorns to do a mean act or indulge a mean 
thought; he knows no prevarication; his word shall stand, though the 
heavens fall. Such a man was Charles Shaler. He never attempted to de- 
ceive the Court. His plighted word to a brother of the bar was as sacred 
and inviolable as the decree of Olympic Jove. 

As an illustration of his sense of honor, two incidents may be mention- 
ed. He applied for a cadetship for his son at West Point, but, learning that 
a friend desired the appointment for his son, he withdrew his application. 
In 1846 he went to Washington City, to urge the appointment of Robert C. 
Grier to the U. S. Supreme Court. He was offered the appointment him- 
self, but refused it because he had gone on as the friend of Judge Grier. 

Although Judge Shaler for many years had perhaps the most extensive 
and lucrative practice at the Pittsburgh bar, his generous habits were such 
that the acquired but little property, and he died comparatively poor. He 
died at the residence of his son-in-law, Rev.D. H. Hodges, at Newark, N. J., 
March 5, 1869, in the 81st year of his age. 

He was twice married. His first wife was a daughter of Major Kirkpat- 
rick, by whom he had two sons and three daughters. One of his daughters, 
a beautiful and accomplished young lady, while out riding with Samuel W. 
Black, was thrown from;|her horse and killed. His second wife was a daugh- 
ter of James Riddle, Associate Judge of the county from 1818 to 1838, by 
whom he had several children. 

Trevanion Barlow Dallas succeeded Judge Shaler on the Common 
PJeas bench. He was commissioned May 15, 1835. 

Mr. Dallas was of Scotch descent. His great-grandfather was George 
Dallas, an eminent lawyer and author of Scotland. His grandfather 
was Robert Dallas, M. D., of Dallas Castle, Jamaica, whither he had emi- 
grated in early life. His father, Alexander James Dallas, was born in Ja- 
maica, and educated in England, admitted to the bar in Jamaica, but came 
to Philadelphia in 1783; he was an eminent American statesman and author, 
and honorably filled several high official stations. His eldest son was Com- 
modore in the U. S. Navy; his second, George M. Dallas, was Vice-Presi- 
dent; and the youngest, the subject of this sketch. 

Trevanion Barlow Dallas was born in Philadelphia, Feb. 23, 1801, and 
educated at Princeton. He commenced reading law with his brother Geo. 
M., but came to Pittsburgh about 1820, and finished his studies with his broth- 
er-in-law, Wm. Wilkins. He was admitted to the bar in 1822. Previous to his 
appointment as Judge, he had been Deputy Attorney-General for the county. 
He remained on the Common Pleas bench from 1835 to June 24, 1839, when 
he resigned to accept the position of Associate Judge with Judge Grier, in 
the District Court of the county, which position he held until his death, 
April 7, 1841. 

Judge Dallas was a comparatively young man when he died, only 40 
years old. But, as Prosecuting A.ttorney, member of the bar, and Judge in 
the Common Pleas and District Court, he won an enviable reputation. He 
was regarded as one of the best lawyers at the bar, and, during his seven 
years on the bench, gave promise of becoming one of the ablest jurists of the 
State. His pleasing manners and gentlemanly bearing, on and off the 



m CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



bench, made him very popular with the people and bar. The members of 
the bar erected a monument to his memory in Trinity Churchyard of this 
citv, which is still standing. 

' Judge Dallas, in 1822, married Jane S.. a daughter of Gen. John Wil- 
kins, a * )rother of William Wilkins, both sons of John Wilkins. who 
was an Associate Judge of the county in 1791. By her he had four sons 
and tive daughters. His widow survives still, at a good old age, resid 
ing in Philadelphia. Only one of his sons survives, George M. Dallas. 
Esq., a leading member of the Philadelphia bar. One of his daughters 
married James O'Hara Denny; two are still living. 

Benjamin Patton succeeded Judge Dallas. He was commissioned July 
1, 1839, and resigned in January, 1850. He was born in Belief onte, Pa., 
July 21, 1810. His ancestors were among the first settlers on the Juniata 
and in Huntingdon County. His maternal grandfather was a lieutenant 
under Washington at Braddock's defeat, and a grand-uncle, Benjamin 
Patton, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He graduated at 
Dickinson College in 1829, and commenced the study of law with Andrew 
Carothers, at Carlisle. Shortly thereafter he became Secretary to Com- 
modore Elliott, and sailed with the Commodore and his naval squadron 
to the Gulf of Mexico. At Vera Cruz the American Consul had been in- 
sulted; American citizens had been imprisoned, and their property confis- 
cated by the Mexican authorities. After repeated demands for their re- 
lease, the fiery Commodore was about to resort to force, when his young 
secretary gave cooler advice, which resulted in the release of the prison- 
ers, and saved us from a war with Mexico. 

After being absent a year with the Commodore— pursuing his studies, 
however, all the time— he returned to Carlisle, completed the course of 
study, and was admitted to the bar in 1831. He went to Nashville, Tenn., 
and opened an office, but within a year returned to Pennsylvania. While 
in Nashville, he formed the acquaintance of James K. Polk and other 
prominent southerners, which riped into close friendship in after years. 
On his return he commenced practice in Mifflin County, and was appointed 
District Attorney for the county. Shortly thereafter, when only twenty- 
two years old, he was appointed, by President Jackson, U. S. District Attor- 
ney for the Western District of Pennsylvania. The Pittsburgh bar, at that 
time, embraced such men as Wm. Wilkins, Thos. H. Baird, John Galbraith, 
John H. Walker, Charles Shaler, Walter Forward, Richard Biddle, etc., 
giants of the olden times; yet the young District attorney bravely took his 
stand among them, and rnaiutained it with great credit until he was pro- 
moted to the Common Pleas bench of the county, when only twenty-eight 
years of age — the youngest Judge that ever sat on ihe bench in this State. 

Young Patton was an ardent Democrat and active politician, He was 
present at the inauguration of Gen. Jackson as President, in 1829, when he 
was only nineteen years old, and from that time on was a warm admirer 
and personal friend of " Old Hickory." But while on the bench he took 
no part in politics or political controversies. 

During the ten and a half years Judge Patton was on the bench, he had 
to transact all the business of the Orphans' Court, of the Quarter Sessions 
and Oyer and Terminer, and a large amount of (-ommon Pleas business. 
It was rather a stormy period in the history of our country, and some 
very important cases were tried by him. One was an indictment for con- 
spiracy against some of the leading men of the city, engaged in shipping 
on the canal. They had formed an association for regulating the rates of 
transportation, binding each other by oaths and penalties to maintain cer- 
tain prices. They had money and powerful friends. They were convicted; 
the Judge fined and imprisoned them, and thus broke down the conspiracy, 
to the great rejoicing of shippers and the public generally. Another case 
arose out of the "Factory Riots." Some trou])le had arisen between the 
owners of the cotton mills and the factory girls, about wages and the hours 
of labor. Some of the girls, aided by a mob, broke into the factories, drove 
out the girls at work, and destroyed properly and machinery. They were 
indicted for riot and convicted. These two cases illustrated the firmness and 
impartiality of the .Judge. Another case was the indictment against Joe 



OP ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 107 



Barker. He was in the habit of gathering crowds of the lower classes at 
the market-house and on the streets, and haranguing them in vulgar and 
abusive language against the Catholic Church and its institutions. He was 
tried, convicted, and sentenced to jail. While in jail, the rabble set him 
up as a candidate for Mayor of the city, in opposition to the regular Whig 
and Democratic candidates. He got the votes of the lower classes, of some 
Whigs, for fear a Democrat would be elected, and some respectable people, 
through mistaken sympathy. He was elected by a plurality vote. But all 
classes soon had occasion to regret their folly. 

Judge Patton also had the misfortune to try several libel suits between 
editors of city papers. As usual, in such cases, he incurred the enmity of 
both parties, who kept up a running tire on him for years. But he main- 
tained his dignity as a Judge by never condescending to notice them, and 
waited his time for a a full and complete vindication, which came. He had 
it in the public esteem when he left the bench, confirmed years afterwards 
when he visited the city. In 1871, on a casual visit, he was invited by the 
entire bench, and nearly the entire bar, to a social entertainment. In the let- 
ter of invitation this language was used: "On retiring from the bench you 
carried with you an untarnished reputation, and the respect of the whole 
community, who remember you as one who had ably vindicated the su- 
premacy of the laws, and maintained the cause of law and order," 

On his retirement from the bench. Judge Patton moved to Northum- 
berland County, where he was engaged in business for a 'few years. In 1858 
he was appointed by Judge Grier Clerk of the U. S. Circuit Court, and U. 
S. Commissioner at Philadelphia, which position he retained until Judge 
Grier retired from the bench in 1870, when he resigned and moved to Hicks- 
ville, Defiance Co., O., where he is now residing. In 1880 and 1881 he was 
a member of the Legislature of Ohio, and gained considerably^ celebrity by 
his speeches, especially one on "The Reserved Rights of the States." 

Judge Patton possesses fine social qualities, is good company and fond 
of company, and has always been noted for his kindness of heart and gen- 
erous hospitality. He is a devout disciple of Izaak Walton. With his 
friend Judge Grier he spent the summer vacations, for more than a quarter 
of a century, on the trout streams of Pennsylvania; and now, when over 
three score years and ten, he spends a portion of each summer trouting in 
Michigan. 

Judge Patton was married In 1834 to Matilda Helfenstein, then of Day- 
ton, Ohio, formerly of Carlisle, Pa., by whom he has surviving two sons 
and two daughters. His wife died in 1880. 

William B. McClure succeeded Judge Patton. He was appointed and 
commissioned by the Governor, Jan. 31, 1850. That year a constitutional 
amendment was adopted, making the judiciary elective. The first election 
under it was in October of 1851. Judge McClure was elected, and commis- 
sioned Nov. 6, 1851, for ten years, from Dec. 1, 1851, the first Judge elected 
in this county. He was re-elected in 1861, and commissioned for another 
period of ten years, but died Dec. 27, 1861, and was succeeded by J. P. 
Sterrett. 

Judge McClure was born in April, 1807, at Willow Grove, near Carlisle, 
Pa. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1827. He read law in Pittsburgh 
with John Kenne ly, afterwards a Justice of the Supreme Court, and was 
admitted to the bar in 1829. He was married in 1833 to Lydia S. Collins, by 
whom he had three daughters, Sarah C, Valeria, married to J. Q. A. Sulli- 
van, of Butler, Pa., and Rebecca B., married to C. E. Flandrah^ of St. 
Paul. Minn. His widow is still living. ^ 

For many years preceding his elevation to the bench, he was in partner- 
ship, in the practice of law, with his brother-in-law, Wilson McCandless, 
Esq., and the firm of McCandless and McClure was widely known through- 
out the western part of the State, and had a most extensive practice. 

From 1850 to 1859 Judge McClure was the only law Judge in the Com- 
mon Pleas, Orphans' Court, Quarter Sessions, and Oyer and Terminer of 
the county. The amount of business was enormous for one man. He had 
scarcely a day's rest or vacation. He was a most laborious Judge, frequently 
sitting on the bench from eight to ten hours a day. No man ever presided 



108 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



in a court more thoroughly in earnest or conscientious in the performance 
of his duties. The close confinement in the impure air of the criminal 
court-room, and the excessive labors of his office, gradually exhausted the 
vital energies of a naturally vigorous constitution, and carried him to the 
grave when only fifty-four years of age. 

During the twelve years Judge McClure sat on the bench he tried more 
criminal cases and more homicides than any other Judge in the State. His 
fame as a criminal jurist became almost national. Spotlessly pure in his 
own character, intensely anxious for the public welfare, and profoundly 
impressed with the responsibilities of his office, he bent all his energies to 
the suppression of crime, and the just punishment of criminals. Naturally 
kind-hearted, he sympathized with the poor and unfortunate; conscientious 
in the highest degree, he was carefully watchful that no innocent man 
should suffer; but woe to the hardened criminal that came before him! He 
was justly a terror to evil doers. 

The great increase of business in the Criminal Court of the county led 
to the Act of May 26, 1859, adding an Assistant Law Judge to the court. It 
also enlarged the jurisdiction of the Common Pleas to all cases where the 
sum in controversy did not exceed the sum of three hundred dollars. This 
was followed by the Act of April 11, 1862, adding a second Associate Law 
Judge, abolishing the office of Associate Lay Judge, and extending the ju- 
risdiction, making.it concurrent with the District Court, without reference 
to the amount in controversy. 

This Act wiped out of existence, so far as Allegheny County is con- 
cerned, an institution that had existed in England for many centuries, and 
was brought over by our ancestors at the settlement of this country. On 
bidding farewell to our Associate Lay Judges, justice requires a passing 
tribute to their memories. 

Associate Lay Judges. 

Until the constitutional amendment of 1850, b11 Judges were appointed 
by the Governor, with the consent of the Senate, and held their commission 
for life or during good behavior. The history of our county and State Ju- 
diciary does not prove that the election of Judges by a popular vote was a 
wise change. It has not secured better or abler Judges, while all must ad- 
mit it tends to destroy the independence of the Judiciary, so essential to an 
impartial administration of the laws. Short terms mean frequent changes, 
and popular elections the selection of politicians. While this remark applies 
to all judges, it is more strikingly illustrated in the Associate Lay Judges, 
whose terms, by the amendment, were limited to five years. 

The earlier Lay Judges were among the most prominent men of the 
county, and their long experience on the bench added greatly to their use- 
fulness. George Wallace was on the bench from 1788 to 1814; John Mc- 
Dowell from 1791 to 1812; Francis McClure from 1812 to 1838; James Riddle 
from 1818 to 1838. These were all men of mark and distinction. So also 
were Samuel Jones, Richard Butler, John Wilkins, John Gibson. George 
Thompson, and Hugh Davis. Among the latter Judges should be men 
tiened Thomas L. McMillan, Gabriel Adams, and John E. Parke. Let one, 
of whom we have fuller information than of the others, stand as a fitting 
representative of the class. 

John M. Snowden was of Welsh extraction, and his paternal ancestors 
came to the neighborhood of Philadelphia previous to the arrival of Wm. 
Penn. He was born in Philadelphia in 1776. His father was a sea captain, 
entered the service of the Continental Congress at the beginning the Revo 
lution, was captured by the British, and died in the " Sugar House " prison, 
New York. His mother was a woman of marked character, great intelli 
gence and energy, and devotedly attached to the American cause. She was 
the trusted friend of General Washington, and through her he received, 
from time to time, important information respecting the British forces 
while they held Philadelphia. 

In early life John M. Snowden was apprenticed to the celebrated Mat 
thew Carey to learn "the art and mystery of printing." His first venture 
on his own account was the establishment of a newspaper in Chambers- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 109 



bur^, Pa., in company with his brother-in-law, Mr. McCorkle. But 1798 he 
removed to Greensbiirg, Westmoreland County, and established the Far- 
mers' Register, the first newspaper in the West, after the Pittsburgh Gazette. 
Here he united with the Presbyterian Church, of which Rev. Wm. Speer, 
father of Dr. James R. Speer, was pastor, and married Elizabeth Moor, 
daughter of Judge John Moor. 

In 1811 he moved to Pittsburgh, purchased the Commonwealth from 
Ephraim Pentland, and changed its name to The Mercury, the office of 
which was at first on Market Street, between Third and Fourth, and after- 
wards on Liberty Street, near the head of Wood. He also published a num- 
ber of valuable works, and had a large bookstore. By means of the press, 
his bookstore, his energy, and social position, he became widely known as 
one of the leading citizens of the State. He was an elder in the Presbyte- 
rian Church, Mayor of the city in 1825, '26, and '27, a Director of the Bank 
of Pittsburgh, Recorder of Deeds, etc. 

In 1840 he was appointed Associate Judge, with Hon. Benj. Patton, 
which position he held for six years. His intelligence, business habits, va- 
ried experience, and broad common sense, eminently fitted him for the 
position. He exhibited, also, remarkable knowledge of the law. On more 
than one occasion he differed with the President Judge as to the law, 
and so expressed himself to the jury, as he had an undoubted right to do. 
He had the entire respect and confidence of the bar. The counsel concerned 
in one of the most difficult and important coses ever tried in the county^ 
agreed that it should be tried before him as Associate Judge. During the ' 
progress of the trial a member of the bar remarked to Mr. Walter Forward: 
"Strange sight to see an Associate Judge trying such an important case!" 
"Ah!" replied Mr. Forward, "that layman knows twice as much law, and 
has three times as much sense, as some President Law Judges." 

Mr. Snowden was in high favor with Gen. Jackson when President. 
He had recommended to the President an applicant for appointment to an 
important office. Another applicant for the office said to the President that 
the person Mr. Snowdent had recommended was entirely unfit for it. This 
roused Old Hickory, and with eyes flashing fire, he thundered out, "How 
dare you say that! Do you think John M. Snowden would recommend a 
man. unfit for the position? No! never, by the Eternal!" Mr. Snowden's 
man got the office. 

Mr. Snowden died suddenly, April 2, 1845, at his residence, Elm Cot- 
tage, South Avenue, Allegheny City. 

Associate Law Judges. 

John Wesley Maynard was the first Assistant Law Judge of the Com- 
mon Pleas; appointed by the Governor, April 16. 1859, and commissioned 
until the first Monday of December following. He was of Puritan stock, 
his grandfather, Lemuel Maynard, born in Massachusetts, in 1739; his fath- 
er, Lemuel Maynard, 1773. His mother's maiden name was Hepzibah 
Wright, a relative of Hon. Silas Wright, of New York. Their son, John 
Wftsley, was born in Springfield, Vermont, May 18, 1806. His father was a 
prominent Methodist preacher, and his mother a gifted and devoted Chris- 
tian woman. The boyhood of John Wesley was spent on a farm; he at- 
tended Hamilton Academy in New York one year, but never had a colle- 
giate education. He was admitted to the bar in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, 
in 1831, and practiced his profession in that and the adjoining counties, 
until 1840, when he removed to Williamsport. in Lycoming County, where 
he has resided ever since, except six years at Easton. In 1862 he was elected 
President Judge of the Third Judicial District, composed of Northampton 
and Lehigh Counties. In 1867 he resigned, in consequence of ill health, 
and returned to Williamsport. When leaving the Third District, the bar 
complimented him in this language: "In point of executive talent, and the 
correct dispatch of business, he is second to none in the State; for strict in- 
tegrity and impartiality in the administration of justice, he has no superior; 
while his judicial decisions, for clearness, legal accuracy, and logical force, 
entitle him to first honors as a jurist. His courteous dignity, urbane bear- 
ing, and generous sympathies, moreover, characterize him as a gentleman 



110 CENTENNIAL HTBTORY 



of great moral worth." Although only nine months on the bench in Alle 
gheny County, he made many friends, and won the respect and confidence 
of all, both as man and judge. Judge Maynard was married in 1880 to Miss 
Sarah Ann Mather, a descendant of Cotton Mather, of Massachusetts, who 
died in 1882, leaving one daughter. His second wife was a Miss De Pui, by 
whom he had four sons and thrc*e daughters; one of the daughters married 
Peter Herdic, Esq. 

David Ritchik was the first Associate Law Judge appointed under the 
Act of April 11, 1862. He was appointed by Governor Curtin, May 22, 1862, 
and commissioned until the first Monday of December following, when he 
was succeeded by E. H. Stowe, who was elected for ten years. 

Judge Kitchie was born in Washington County. Pennsylvania, August 
19, 1812; graduated at Jefferson College in 1829; came to Pittsburgh about 
1883; read law with Walter Forward, and was admitted to the bar in 1885. 
Immediately after his admission he went to Europe and entered the Uni- 
versity at Heidelberg, where he remained some two years, and received the 
degree of Doctor of Laws. Returning to the United Htates in the fall of 
1836, he commenced the practice of law in Pittsburgh, and soon rose to dis 
tinction in a lucrative and successful practice. In 1852 he was elected to 
Congress, and twice re-elected, serving in 83d, 34th, and 85th Congresses, 
during President Pierce's administration, and half of President Buchanan's. 
He died January 24, 1867, unmarried. 

, Judge Ritchie was a marked character. Besides being learned in his 
])rofession, he was an accomplished scholar. He was a brilliant conversa- 
I'onalist, witty, entertaining, and instructive. He was honest to the core, 
and entirely fearless in the discharge of duty. Although but a few months 
on the bench, he was there long enough to exhibit excellent qualifications 
for the position. 

District Court op Allegheny County. 

The District Court of the county was established by Act of April 8, 
1883, with one Judge, having the same jurisdiction as the Common Pleas, 
except limited to cases where the sum exceeded one hundred dollars. It 
was limited to a period of seven years. But by Act of June 12, 1839, it was 
continued until abolished by law, and an Associate Judge was added. By 
this act the jurisdiction of the Common Pleas was limited to cases where 
the sum in controversy did not exceed one hundred dollars. 

Robert Cooper Grier was the first Judge of the District Court. He 
was appointed by the Governor, and commissioned May 2, 1833. He re- 
signed Aug. 8, 1846, when appointed by President Polk an Associate Justice 
of the Supreme Court of the United States. 

Judge Grier was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, March 5; 
1794. His father was the Rev. Isaac Grier, who moved to Lycoming County 
when Robert was a small boy, preached and taught a grammar school there, 
and afterwards moved to Northumberland County, where he taught an acad- 
emy, and died in 1815. Robert was the oldest of the family, and, after his fath- 
er's death, supported his mother and educated his ten brothers and sisters. 
He graduated at Dickinson College in 1812, taught one year in the college, 
then was principal of his father's academy for three or four 3"ears, was ad- 
mitted to the bar in 1817. and commenced practice in Bloomsburg, but soon 
moved to Danville, where he was residing when appointed Judge. He moved 
to Allegheny City in 1833, where he resided till 1848, and then moved to Phil- 
adelphia. He resigned as Judge of Supreme Court, January 31, 1870. and 
died September 25, of the same year. 

Judge Grier was a fine classical scholar and most able jurist, but rather 
abrupt and brusque in his manners. He was a man of quick perceptions, . 
decided convictions, and positive opinions, and, like all men of that cast, 
inclined to be arbitrary and dictatorial. In the trial of a cause, when he 
believed injustice was attempted, he was most emphatic in his charge, not 
unfrequently arguing the cause to the jury as an advocate. His contempt 
for hypocrisy and cant; his love of "the" right and hatred of the wrong, 
with his stern, decided character, made him sometimes appear on the Dis 
trict bench despotic. But he was seldom wrong in his convictions or opin- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. Ill 



ions. Men of great intellectual abilities are generally headstrong and de- 
termined; weak men are the trimmers and seekers after popular favor. 

On one occasion, on the trial of an ejectment suit, when the jury 
brought in a verdict contrary to his charge! he remarked to them that it 
took thirteen men to steal a man's farm, and immediately set aside the ver- 
dict. Wm. M. Darlington, Esq., has furnished me the following anecdote: 

One Saturday morning, 1840, he was present in Judge Grier's court, 
when there came up for argument a case in which the great showman, P. T. 
Barnum, was a party. Barnum and one Lindsay had been partners in the 
show business, but quarreled and separated. Lindsay had got a negro boy, 
which he called " Master Diailiond," and represented him as a perfect pro 
digy in dancing and singing. He had posted up flaming hand-bills through 
the country, describing his prodigy and announcing the evenings for his 
performances. Barnum got a smart white boy, blacked him, and went along 
Lindsay's route a few days in advance, exhibiting the "genuine" Master 
Diamond, thus reaping the fruits of Lindsay's labors, without any expense 
for advertising. Lindsay met him in Pittsburgh, sued him for ten thousand 
dollars damages, and had him arrested on a capias, and thrown into jail. The 
argument before Judge Grier was on the rule for his discharge from prison 
on common bail. John D. Mahon was attorney for Lindsay, and George F. 
Gilmore for Barnum. After Gilmore had read the plaintiff's affidavit, and 
wap proceeding to read that of the defendant, the Judge exclaimed, "Stop. 
I've heard enough! such a case! What does it amount to? One vagabond 
gets a live bear " (drawling out the word), "goes about the country gathering 
all the idlers and gaping idiots to pay their money to see a bear dance. 
Another vagabond procures a bear's skin, stuffs it with straw, and tramps 
about exhibiting it. Vagabond No. 1 says to vagabond No. 2, 'you have no 
right to do that; the harvest is mine for I was first in the field to gather all 
the fools' money!' And because vagabond No. 2 got the money, vaga- 
bond No. 1 sues him for ten thousand dollars damages! Rule absolute; 
prisoner discharged; cryer, adjourn the Court!" And as the judge walked 
down the steps, he remarked to Mr. Darlington, "Did you ever hear of such 
a case? " I'll teach Mahon not to bring such a suit in my Court." 

Hopp:well Hepbukn succeeded Charles Shaler as Associate Judge, and 
R. C. Grier as President Judge, of the District Court. He was born in 
Northumberland County, Pa., Oct, 28, 1799 In his youth he attended the 
Academ}^ taught by Mr. Grier, where their acquaintance began, which prob- 
ably led to his appointment as Judge Grier's Associate. He graduated at 
Princeton College; read law with his brother, Samuel Hepburn, at Milton, 
Pa., and was admitted to the bar in 1822 or 1823. He practiced law at Eas- 
ton until appointed Associate Judge of the District Court, Sept. 17, 1844. 
When Judge Grier was advanced to the Supreme Court of the United States, 
he was commissioned as President Judge, August 18, 1846. He held that po- 
sition until November 3, 1851, when he resigned. 

The first election of Judges in this State was in October, 1851, under 
the amended Constitution of 1850. Judge Hepburn had been on the bench 
of the District Court for seven years. He had given entire satisfac- 
tion to the people and bar by his promptness in the dispatch of business, 
his fidelity to duty, his integrity, learning, and legal ability. His qualifica- 
tions and fitness for the position were acknowledged by all. But he was a 
Democrat. The office had become elective. Party leaders immediately 
drew party lines. The Democrats nominated Hepburn, the Whigs Walter 
Forward; and the Whigs, having a majority, elected Forward. The inev- 
itable tendency to carry politics into an elective judiciary was seen also in 
the case of Chief Justice Gibson. He had been thirty-seven years on the 
bench of the Supreme Court — eleven years as Associate Justice, and twenty- 
six years as Chief Justice — and was universally acknowledged to be a jurist 
of transcendent ability. Yet he could not get the nomination of the Whig 
party of the State. 

After Judge Hepburn retired from the bench, he practiced law at Pitts- 
burgh for a few years, then withdrew from the practice, accepting the Pres 
idency of the Allegheny Bank, which he held for three years; but his health 
failing, he removed to Philadelphia, and died there February 14, 1863. 



112 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



Walter Forwabd succeeded Judge Hepburn, and was the first Presi- 
dent Judge of the District Court elected by the people. He was commis- 
sioned November 7, 1851, and held the office till his death, Nov. 24, 1852. 

Walter Forward was born in Connecticut, in 1786. When he was four- 
teen years of age his father moved to the then far West, located on a tract 
ot land in Ohio, and began to clear the forest and erect a log cabin. He 
worked with his father three years on the farm, the last year teaching a 
night school, by which he got the means to purchase a few books, among 
them an old copy of Blackstone, that started in his mind the notion of be- 
ing a lawyer. In the spring of 1808, at the age of seventeen, he told his 
father he was going to Pittsburgh to read law. He started on foot with a 
small bundle of clothes hung on a stick over his shoulder, and only a dollar 
or so in his pocket. On the road he picked up a horseshoe and put it in his 
bundle. When he arrived in Allegheny he had no money to pay his ferri- 
age across the river, but the ferryman took the horseshoe in payment. He 
knew no person or lawyer in Pittsburgh, but had heard of Henry Baldwin. 
Walking along Market Street, reading the signs to find Mr. Baldwin's office, 
a man, in the act of mounting a horse, inquired what he was looking for. 
On being informed of his object and purpose, the man — it was Henry Bald- 
win just starting to attend Court at Kittanning — gave him the key to his 
office, and told him to occupy it and read Blackstone till his return. Such 
was the introduction of the future Secretary of the Treasury to the future 
Judge of the Supreme Court. 

While the young, uncouth stranger was thus sitting and reading in the 
office alone, a well-dressed, well-educated, and talented young man entered 
and tackled the rustic stranger in argument, but was soon worsted, as he 
afterwards candidly admitted. It was H. M. Brackenridge. The acquaint- 
ance thus formed ripened into a life-long intimacy. As a further illustra- 
tion of young Forward's straitened circumstances at that time, Mr. Brack 
enridge says: "We took a walk one Saturday afternoon, and descended 
into the deep, romantic glens east of Grant's Hill. We took a shower bath 
under my favorite cascade, after which my companion washed the garment 
unknown to the luxury of Greeks and Romans (his shirt) and laid it in a 
sunny spot to dry; while seated on a rock we 'reasoned high of fate, fore- 
knowledge.' " — Brackenridge' s Recollections of the West, p. 82. 

Mr. Baldwin, at that time, was interested in a Republican newspaper 
called the Tree of Liberty, of which Mr. Forward became the editor in 1806, 
when nineteen years of age. What he received for his services as contrib- 
utor and editor of that paper, supported him till he was admitted to the 
bar in 1808. He soon rose to distinction at the bar as a man of rare intel- 
lectual endowments and an eloquent advocate. In 1822 he was elected to 
Congress, and again in 1824. In 1824 and 1828 he supported John Quincy 
Adams for President in opposition to General Jackson, In 1887 he was "a 
member of the State Constitutional Convention, and bore a conspicuous 
part in its deliberations; in 1841 was appointed by President Harrison first 
Controller of the Treasury; in September of that year was appointed by 
President Tyler Secretary of the Treasury; retiring from that office in 
March, 1845, he resumed the practice of law in Pittsburgh; in 1849 was ap- 
pointed by President Tyler Charge d'Afl:'airs to the Court of Denmark; and 
resigned in 1851 when elected President Judge of the District Court. 

Judge Forward came to the bar when such men as James Ross, Henry 
Baldwin, Wm. Wilkins, John Woods, Steele Sample, Sidney Mountain, 
were the leaders; yet in a few years he stood their peer in all respects, and 
was employed in every important cause. His arguments to the court or 
jury were never long or tedious; always brief, but directly to the point, 
and masterly in their clear logic and forcible presentation. In a celebrated 
case, where the opposite counsel had occupied days in their argument, Mr. 
Forward spoke less than two hours, and at the conclusion of his argument 
Chief Justice Gibson adjourned the court, with the remark that "the law 
was not devoid of luxuries when the Judges had an opportunity of listen- 
ing to such an argument as that." Yet the heads of that argument were 
written in the kitchen, while his wife was preparing their meal— an incident 
illustrating the strong social affections of the heart, as well as the greatness 
of intellect. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 113 



Judge Forward was a great man intellectually, morally, and socially. 
And, like all truly great men, he was modest and unassuming, candid and 
sincere, not envious or jealous, rejoicing at the success of others, and al- 
ways ready to give a kind word or a helping hand to those starting in life. 
The religious element was strong in his character, resulting in a life re- 
markably exemplary, pure, and spotless. He was exceptionally domestic 
in his habits, devotedly attached to his home, and delighted in social enjoy- 
ments. His conversational powers were of the highest order. Like Chief 
Justice Marshall and Chief Justice Gibson, he was passionately fond of music, 
and was a good performer on the violin. His "bump" of order, however, was 
not largeh^ developed. His office was filled with books and papers, lying 
about on tables and chairs, mingled with letters, essays, music, and musical 
instruments, while the corners of the room were stacked with guns, hunting 
accoutrements, and farming implements, covered with dust; for he would 
scarcely allow a servant to " put things to rights," for fear he could not lay 
his hand on what he wanted. 

Judge Forward was on the bench only one year. Like Lord Eldon, he was 
sometimes called the "doubter," because he was slow in deciding an impor- 
tant question. Weak men jump to a conclusion, for their vision cannot reach 
bej^ond the case in hand. A great man looks beyond, to see how the princi- 
ple will apply to other cases. He is careful that a hasty decision shall not 
establish a precedent to work injustice in the future. The last case Judge 
Forward tried was an important will case, which took several days. He 
walked in from his country home to the court-house, Monday, Nov. 24, 1852. 
It was a cold, damp day. The court-room was very uncomfortable, and he 
had a chill just before charging the jury. The jury retired in the afternoon, 
and he went to his lodgings. Before'^the jury had agreed upon their ver- 
dict, Walter Forward was dead. Perhaps no man ever died in the county 
more sincerely lamented, or more beloved and esteemed by the people. He 
was admired for his great intellectual abilities, and loved for his great 
moral excellence. And Walter Forword loved the people; not as a dema- 
gogue or office seeker, but as a man and patriot. His highest ambition was 
to be « iiseful man. 

Peter C. Shannon succeeded Judge Forward. He was appointed by 
Governor Bigler, Nov. 27, 1852, until the first Monday of December, 1853. 
Mr. Shannon was born in Ireland, came to this country when quite young, 
read law, and was admitted to' the bar in Pittsburgh in 1846. He was quite 
young when appointed Judge, but during the year he was on the bench ac- 
quitted himself very creditably. He was the Democratic candidate for 
Judge in the fall of 1853, but was defeated by Moses Hampton. After re- 
tiring from the bench he practiced law in Pittsburgh until 1869, when he 
was appointed Judge of the United States Court in Dakota, and moved to 
that Territory, where he has continued to reside. 

Judge Shannon was a man of fine literary taste, of good social qualities, 
and personally quite popular. He was a most effective campaign speaker, 
and on two occasions the Democratic candidate for Congress. During the 
war of the Rebellion he took a decided stand and active part in supporting 
the Government. 

Moses Hampton succeeded P. C. Shannon. He was elected in October, 
1853; commissioned November 19, 1853, for ten years from first Monday of 
December, 1853; was re-elected, for a second term of ten years, in October, 
1863; served the full term, and died June 24, 1878. 

Judge Hampton was born in Beaver County, Pa., October 28, 1803. In 
1812 his father moved to Trumbull County, Ohio, and commenced farming, - 
living in a log cabin, and carrying on his trade of a blacksmith. In his boy 
hood, the Judge helped his father on the farm and also in the blacksmith 
shop. At the age of seventeen he entered an academy in Burton, Ohio, 
where he spent a year, acquiring a knowledge of the English branches, and 
commencing the study of Greek aid Latin, supporting himself by his own 
labor. He then started for Washington College, traveling on foot from his 
home in Ohio to Washington, Pa., and prosecuted his studies under the direc- 
tion of Rev. Dr. Wylie, graduating in 1826. He then accepted the situation as 
Principal of La Fayette Academy, Uniontown, Pa., where he remained two 



14 CENTENNIAL. HISTORY 



years, in the mean time reading law with John M. Austin, and was admitted 
"to the bar in 1829. He went from Uniontown to Somerset, where he com- 
menced practising hiw. He was appointed Prothonotary of the county by 
Governor Ritner, and held the office one year, but resigned the office, and, 
in 1888, moved to Pittsburgh. He at once entered the front rank of the 
profession, and very soon acquired a large practice. In 1846 he was elected 
to Congress, and was re-elected in 1848. During his terms in Congress he 
maintained a high standing, and was placed on two of the most important 
i^ommittees. It was through his efforts that a marine hospital was establish 
ed at Pittsburgh, and an appropriation obtained for a new post-office. And 
after his election to the bench it was through his influence and efforts that 
the county workhouse was established. 

In his younger days Judge Hampton was an ardent Whig, taking an 
active part in the election of Governor Ritner in 1885; of President Harri- 
son in 1840, and in the Presidential campaigns of 1844 and 1848. As a 
campaign si)eaker he was immensely popular, having few equals in the 
State. As a Judge he was distinguished for his propriety and dignity on 
the bench, for close attention to business of the court, for eminent fairness 
to suitors and counsel, for a high sense of honor and justice, for quick and 
clear perceptions, calmness of judgment, an extensive knowledge of the 
law. and the clearness and logical force of his opinions. Quiet, reserved, 
and gentlemanly in his manners; tender in his feelings; kind and benevol- 
ent in all the impulses of his heart; and an exemplary Christian in public 
and private life. He joined the Presbyterian C'hurch when seventeen years 
of age, lived nearly three score years in her communion, and at the time of 
his decease was one of the oldest ruling Elders of the denomination. 

Associate Judges of the District Court. 

Trevanion B. Dallas was appointed June 23, 1889; died 1841. Charles 
Shaler. May 6, 1841; resigned May 20, 1844. Hopewell Hepburn, September 
17, 1844; appointed President Judge in 1846. 

Walter H. Lowrie was appointed Associate Judue August 20, 1846, 
and held the office until the fall of 1851, when he was elected one of the 
Judges of the Supreme Court. The five Judges elected at that time were 
required, by the law putting in operation the elective judiciary, to cast lots 
for their terms, to serve, respectfully, three, six, nine, twelve, and fifteen 
years. Judge Lowrie drew the twelve year term, which expired in 1868. 
After retiring from the Supreme Bench he practiced in Pittsburgh for a few 
years, and then moved to Philadelphia. W^hile living there, in 1870, he 
was elected President Judge of Crawford County, and moved to Meadville. 
He died suddenly of heart disease, November 14, 1876, was brought to Pitts- 
burgh, and interred in Alleghen}^ Cemetery. 

Judge Lowrie was the son of Matthew B. Lowrie, Esq., of Pittsburgh; 
was born in 1806, educated at the Western University, and admitted to the 
bar Aug. 4, 1829. Before his elevation to the bench he had acquired quite 
an extensive practice. He never took an active part in politics, but devoted 
himself to his profession and literary pursuits. He was a good Greek, Latin, 
and Hebrew scholar. His reading was extensive, especially in the fields of 
theology and metaphysics. He became a member of the Presbyterian 
Church in early life, and in 1885 was ordained an elder of the Second Pres- 
byterian Church of Pittsburgh. Nearly all his life he was a teacher in the 
Sabbath-school, teaching Bible classes, generally of adults. He was devot- 
ed to that work, always preparing his lessons most thoroughly. He was 
also (juite a voluminous writer of moral essays, " Sunday Readings," and 
"Lay Sermons " for the daily and weekly newspapers, and more elaborate 
articles for the (piarterlies, the Princetoii' Review, and others. 

Judge Lowrie was married in 1829 to Rachel Thompson, by whom he 
had tbree children, two sons and one daughter. His widow is "still living, 
residing with her sou. Rev. Sanuiel T. Lowrie, D. D., of Trenton, N. J. 
The other son, Jas. A. Lowrie, Esq., is practising law in Denver, Colorado. 

Henry W. Williams was elected Assistant Judge of the District Court 
in October, 1851, and commissioned November 7, 1851, for ten years, re 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 115 



elected in 1861, and resigned October 28, 1808, when elected to the Supreme 
Court. He died February 19, 1877. 

Judge Williams was born in New London County, Conn.. January 31. 
1816. He was of the old New England stock, l)eing a lineal descendant of 
Robert Williams, who came from England and settled in Roxbury, Mass., in 
1632. After the usual common school and academic courses, he entered 
Amherst College in the fall of 1888, and graduated in 1887. In his college 
days he took high rank as a scholar and debater. After graduation he was 
Principal of Southwick Academy for two years; then started West, intend 
ing to make St. Louis his home. In February, 1889, he arrived in Pitts- 
burgh, and meeting his classmate, the late C. B. M. Smith, Esq., who was 
then conducting a select school, he was induced to stay here. He taught 
the classics in the school, and also read law with Walter H. Lowrie. He 
was admitt(^d to the bar in 1841, and his preceptor immediately took him in- 
to partnership, as the law tirm of Lowrie & Williams. When Mr. Lowrie 
was appointed Judge, in 1845, he formed a partnership with Wm. M. Shinn. 
as Williams & Shinn, which continued until the fall of 1851, when Mr. Wil- 
liams was elected Associate Judge of the District Court. In 1867 he was the 
Republican candidate for the Supreme Bench, and was defeated by Judge 
Sharswood, but the next year was appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned 
by the resignation of Judge Strong, and was elected, in 1869. for a term of 
fifteen years, running several thousand votes ahead of his ticket. 

Judge Williams united with the Third Presbvterian Church of Pitts- 
burgh in 1840; was ordained an elder in 1858; was a member of the General 
Assembly in 1859, 1865, 1866, 1867; was elected a corporate member of the 
Board for Foreign Missions in 1869, and was a member of the Committee 
for the union of the Old and New Schools in 1870 In 1852 Amherst College 
conferred upon him the degree of A. M.. and in 1866 the degree of LL. D. 
He was married in 1846 to Lucy J. Stone, of Salem, N. J., and at his de- 
cease left her surviving, with five children, three sons and two daughters. 

Judge Williams had a clear, logical mind, a breadth and grasp of intel- 
lect that could seize and master the most complicated case in all its details. 
As a lawyer he always prepared his cases most thoroughly, and hence, at 
the trial, was never surprised by an}'^ sudden move of his adversarj\ He 
was remarkably careful and accurate. He would spend half a day going 
over an intricate calculation, or a long, complicated account, to correct an 
error of two cents. As a Judge, his strong, vigorous intellect grappled at 
once with the main features of the case and principles of lav^ involved. 
Wisely cautious in forming a judgment, when the conclusion was reached 
he expressed it in plain, direct language, sustained by a force of logic and 
authority which seldom left any doubt of its correctness. 

United States District Court. 

The United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsyl- 
vania was established by Act of Congress of 20th May, 1818, and Jonathan 
HoGE Walker was appointed Judge by President Monroe. He held the first 
Court at Pittburgh, December 7, 1818. 

Judge Walker was born in East Pennsboro' Township, Cumberland 
County, Pa., in 1756. He was of English descent. His grandfather, Wil- 
liam Walker, was a Captain under the Duke of Marlborough in Queen 
Anne's wars. His mother was a daughter of John Hoge, of Hogestown, in 
Cumberland County. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1787, read law 
with Stephen Duncan, whose daughter he married, and inoved to Northum- 
berland County. March 1, 1806, he was appointed President Judge of the 
Fourth Judicial District, composed of Centre, Huntingdon, Mifflin, and Bed- 
ford counties, and presided in those courts for twelve years. In 1810 he 
moved to Bedford; in 1819 to Pittsburgh. He died in' January, 1824, in 
Natchez. Mississippi, while on a visit to his oldest son, Duncan S. Walker, 
who was residing there. 

While Judge Walker was on the Bench of the United States District 
Court, his second son read law, and commenced practice in Pittsburgh in 
1821. After his father's death, in 1826 he moved to Natchez. This was 



116 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



Robert J. Walker, who subsequently became a distinguished statesman and 
politician. 

Judge Walker was a very large man, considerably over six feet high; a 
good scholar and able Judge. On his leaving the Fourth Judicial District in 
1818, he published a farewell address to the people of the district, abourid- 
ing with the kindliest feelings and with excellent thoughts on the duties 
and responsibilities of a Judge. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary 
War, and in several expeditions against the Indians in Western Pennsyl- 
vania and west of the Ohio. This was one reason he gave for desiring to 
move west of the mountains. 

Judge Walker was succeeded by William Wilkins, who held the office 
until 1831, when he resigned, being elected to the United States Senate. 

Thomas Irwin succeeded Judge Wilkins. He was appointed in 1831. 
by President Jackson, and held the office until 1859, when he resigned and 
retired to private life. He was born in Philadelphia, February 22, 1784. 
His father. Col. Matthew Irwin, was a distinguished soldier of the Revolu- 
tionary War, and one of the Philadelphia patriots of that trying period, 
who brought relief to the famishing army at Valley Forge, subscribing, him 
self, 15000 for that purpose. His mother was a daughter of Benjamin Miff- 
lin, whose ancestors came to Pennsylvania at an early period. Thomas 
Mifflin, the first elected Governor of Pennsylvania, was a relative of Judge 
Irwin, after whom he was named. The Mifflins were known as the " Fight- 
ing Quakers," from the active part they took in the Revolutionary War. 

Judge Irwin received a fair education at Franklin College, Lancaster, 
but, in consequence of his father becoming deeply involved by indorse- 
ments for friends, he was compelled to quit college, at the age of nineteen, 
to aid in supporting his mother, who was left without means, a widow, with 
si X children. 

In 1808 he moved to Louisiana, and commenced the practice of law, 
but ill-health caused him to return to Pennsylvania in 1811. He then located 
in Uniontown, Fayette County, and devoted himself to the practice of his 
profession. He was elected to the State Legislature from that county in 
1824 and 1826, and was elected to Congress in 1828. He was the Jackson 
candidate for re-election in 1830, but was defeated. When Judge Wilkins 
resigned the judgeship in 1831, President Jackson appointed him as Wil- 
kins's successor. 

Judge Irwin was married in 1812 to Miss Walker, of Uniontown, by 
whom he had twelve children; only four, however, lived to their majority. 
His eldest daughter was married to Col. Samuel W. Black. He died at his 
residence, in Allegheny City, May 14, 1870, in his eighty-seventh year. His 
widow survived him eight years. Both now sleep, side by side, in Allegheny 
Cemetery. 

Judge Irwin was an active Democrat, but, after his elevation to the 
bench, took no part in politics. 

During his long period on the bench, twenty-eight years, he discharged 
his official duties with promptness and fidelity. His numerous written 
opinions exhibit ability and great industry. One of his opinions, on a ques- 
tion arising under the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, excited wide-spread in- 
terest, and gave him a national reputation: 

Wilson McCandless succeeded Judge Irwin; appointed by President 
Buchanan, February 8, 1859. He resigned, and retired to private life, July 
24, 1876, and died at his residence, in Pittsburgh, June 30, 1882. 

Judge McCandless was born at Noblestown, in Allegheny County, July 
10, 1810; was educated at the Western University; read law with George 
Selden, Esq., and was admitted to the bar June 19, 1831. He was in part- 
nersliip in the practice of law, for some time, with W. W. Fetterman, and 
afterwards, for many years, with his brother-in-law, Wm. B. McClure. He 
was married, in 1834, to Sarah Collins, and had three children— one son and 
two daughters; one daughter, Margaret D., was married to R. H. Emerson, 
and died in 1872; his son, Stephen C, is Clerk of the United States District 
Court. 

Judge McCandless was a remarkable man. He was a natural orator; 
with a robust form and commanding personnel, he had a clear, musical 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 117 



voice, and fine flow of language, quick, brilliant, witty, and admirable in 
repartee. He was often called on by his fellow citizens as the speaker for 
great public occasions, and on such occasions his addresses sparkled with 
the rarest gems of oratory. Few man equaled him in power before a jury 
in a criminal case. As the champion of the Democracy of Western Penn- 
sylvania, his voice was always heard in the thickest of the fight, cheering 
his comrades on to victory, or rallying them in defeat for another battle. 
He never held a political ofiice, but was frequently in State and National 
Conventions, helping to choose the standard bearers of his party, and then 
entering the campaign with all his energies to secure their election. In 
private life he was genial, sympathetic, sprightly, witty, and humorous. 
On the bench he maintained the dignity of his station with such unaffected 
urbanity that all the bar respected and loved him. 

. WiNTHROP W. Ketcham succcdcd Judge McCandless. He was born in 
Wilkesbarre, Pa., June 29, 1820. His father was a painter and cabinet-ma- 
ker, and in his boyhood young Ketcham assisted his father in these occu- 
pations, but generall}^ carried a book in his pocket, and spent most of the 
dinner-hour reading. His evenings were devoted to improving his educa- 
tion, reciting to a friend, who took a lively interest in him. When Wyom- 
ing Seminary was started in 1843, he became a teacher in it, and continued 
there until 1847. In 1848 and 1849 he was a teacher in Girard College, Phil- 
adelphia. Jan. 8, 1850, he was admitted to the bar in Wilkesbarre. In 1855 
elected Prothonotary of Luzerne County for three years. In 1858 elected to 
the Legislature, and in 1859 elected State Senator for three years. In 1864 
appointed by President Lincoln Solicitor of the U. S. Court of Claims, and 
resigned in 1866. Was a delegate to the National Republican Convention at 
Chicago in 1860, at Baltimore in 1864, and a Presidential Elector in 1868. 
Elected to Congress in 1874, and in July, 1876, appointed Judge to succeed 
Judge McCandless. On Saturday, Dec. 6, 1870, he held court in this city, 
in his usual good health and returned to his room in the St. Charles hotel. 
At 5 p. M. he was stricken with apoplexy, and died at 11.50 p. m., his wife 
and only son at his bedside, with the physicians and friends who had been 
hastilj)^ summoned. He died universally lamented and respected. 

Judge Ketcham was a man of far more than ordinary ability. He 
worked his own way up from the common walks of life to a most honora- 
ble position, by his own efforts, unaided by wealth or influential friends. 
He was a self-made man. At every step in his upward career he multiplied 
his friends without ever losing one. In every station he proved himself a 
true, honest, upright man, and acquitted himself with honor. 

Judge Ketcham was succeeded by Marcus W. Acheson, the present in- 
cumbent. 

Mayor's Court of Pittsburgh. . 

The borough of Pittsburgh was incorporated as a city, by Act of 18th 
March, 1816. The Act created a Mayor's Court, composed of the Mayor, a 
Recorder, and twelve Aldermen. The Recorder and Aldermen were ap- 
pointed by the Governor during good behavior, and the Mayor to be elected 
annually by the City Councils from the Aldermen. The Mayor's Court had 
jurisdiction to try forgeries, perjuries, larcenies, assaults and batteries, riots, 
routs, and unlawful assemblies, and generally all offences committed in the 
city, cognizable in a Court of Quarter Sessions; besides all violations of 
city ordinances. 

The causes were regulariy tried before a jury. The Mayor presided in 
the court, but the Recorder was the law judge or legal officer of the court. 
The Mayor or Recorder and any three of the Aldermen could hold the 
court. The Recorder was also vested with civil jurisdiction, the same as the 
Aldermen. He was to receive a salary to be paid by the city, 

Charles Wilkins, son of Gen. John Wilkins, was the first Recorder. He 
was admitted to the bar in 1807, appointed Recorder in 1816, and died in 
1818. Charles Shaler was Recorder from 1818 to 1821. He was succeeded by 
Ephraim Pentland, who was Prothonotary of the county from 1807 to 1821. 
Pentland came to Pittsburgh in 1801 or 1803; he had been a printer and 
editor; he was a short, heavy-set man, verj' fond of jokes, and a noted 



118 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



character. He died in 1839. He was succeeded by H. H. Van Amringe. 
who was admitted to the bar iu 1«37, and appointed Recorder in 1839. He 
held the office only a few months, for the Mayor's Court was abolished by Act 
of 12 June, 1839. " Van Amringe came here from (Chester County. He was 
an excellent lawyer, and courteous gentleman, but erratic in his religious 
notions. 



LIST OF JUDGES. 

JudgpH of the Common ricas, Quarter SeMionn and Orphans' Court 
Prior to the Constitution, of 1790. 

When appointed. 

1788, Oct. 9. GEO. WALLACE, President. 
" 9, JOHN METZGAR, Associate. 

MICHAEL HILLMAN, Associate. 
ROBERT RITCHIE, Associate. 
These were the Judges until August 17, 1791, when the Courts were re-organized under the Con- 
stitution of 1790. 

The following were the Justices of the Peace, entitled to sit in the (Quarter Sessions, but not in 
the Common Pleas or Orphans' Court. 
When appointed. 

1788, Sept. 26, JAMES BRYSON. 

" 27. SAMUEL JONES. 

" Nov. 21. JOHN JOHNSON. 

" 21. ABRAHAM KIRKPATRICK. 

" 21. RICHARD BUTLER. 

" 21. WILLIAM TILTON. 

" 25. JOHN WILKINS, father of John, Jr., an<l William, 

1789, May 21. HENRY NESBY. 

Associate Judges, under the Constitution o/1790. 

Laymen appointed during good behavior, until 1851, and then elected for a term of five years. 
When appointed. 

GEO. WALLACE. Resigned in 1798, and re-appointed. 

JOHN WILKINS, Ju. Resigned Feb. 26, 1796. 

JOHN McDowell. Died in 1812. 

JOHN GIBSON. Died in 1800. 

GEO. THOMPSON. In place of John Wilkins, Jr. 

JOHN C. B. LUCAS. In place of Gen. John Gibson. 

FRANCIS McCLURE. Resigned Dec. 22, 1838. 

GEO. ROBINSON. Died in 1818. 

JAMES RIDDLE. Resigned Dec. 25, 1838. 

WILLIAM HAYS. Resigned April 11, 1840. 

HUGH DAVIS. Resigned in 1840. 

WM. PORTER. Commission annulled by decision of S. Ct , and re-appointed 
Feb. 17, 1843. 

JOHN M. SNOWDEN. Re-commissioned March 31, 1841. 

JOHN ANDERSON. Declined. 

WM. G. HAWKINS. Declined. 

WM. KERR. Re-commissioned Maich 14, 1846. 

SAMUEL JONES. Resigned May 12, 1851. 

WM. BOGGS. Re-commissioned Nov. 10, 1851. 

THOMAS L. McMillan. Re -commissioned Nov. 10, 1851, Died 1852. 

PATRICK McKENNA. Until Dec. 1, 1852. 

GABRIEL ADAMS. Commissioned for five years. 

JOHN E. PARKE. 

GABRIEL ADAMS. 

JOHN BROWN. 

John Brown was the last layman commissioned as Judge. 'I'he law was changed, requiring 
two Associate Law Judges to be electeil. 



1791, 


Aug. 17. 


" 


" 17. 


" 


" 17. 


" 


" 17. 


1796. 


Feb. 26. 


1800, 


July 17. 


1812, 


July 24. 


1814, 


June 3. 


1818, 


Sept. 2. 


1838, 


Dec. 27. 


" 


" 31. 


1840, 


Mch.20. 


" 


April 16. 


1845 


April 9. 


" 


April 17. 


" 


May 8. 


1848, 


Feb. 28. 


1851, 


Mch. 18 


" 


June 10. 


1852 


April 27. 




Nov. 29. 


1856, 


Nov. 12. 


1857 


Nov. 17. 


1861 


Nov 13. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 119 



President Judges Court of the Common Fleets^ etc. 

Appointed by the Governor, during good behavior, until after the Constitutional Amendment of 
1850 ; then elected for a term of ten years. 
When appointed. 

1791, Aug. 17. ALEXANDER ADDISON, Impeached and removed 18U3. 
1803, April 80. SAMUEL ROBERTS. Died Dec. 13, 1820. 
1820, Dec. IS. WILLIAM WILKINS. Resigned May 25, 1824. 
1824, June o. CHARLES SHALER. Resigned May 4, 1835. 
1835, May 15. TREV ANION B. DALLAS. Resigned June 24, 1839. 
1839, July 1. BENJAMIN PATTON, Jk. Resigned in 1850. 

1850, Jan. 31. WM. B. McCLURE. Elected in 1851, and commissioned for ten years Re-elected 

in 1861, and commissioned for ten years. Died in 1861 . 
1862, Jan. 4. JAMES P. STERRETT. Appointed in place of W. Z. McClure, deceased. 
Elected in 1862, and commissioned Nov. 4, 1862, for ten years. Re-elected in 
1872, and commissioned Nov. 10, 1872, for ten years. Resigned in 1877, when 
appointed to the Supreme Court. E. H. Stowe then became President Judge, 
and was relected in 1882 for ten years. 

Associate Law Judges of the Com^inon Pleas, 

When appointed. 

1859, April 16. JOHN W. MAYNARD. Until first Monday of December, 1859. 

1859, Nov. 8. THOS. MELLON. Elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1862, May 22. DAVID RITCHIE. Commissioned until first Monday in December, 1862. 

1862, Nov. 4. EDWIN H. STOWE. Elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1869, Nov. 26. FREDERICK H.COLLIER. Elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1872, Nov. 6. E. H. STOWE. Re-elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1877, Mch. CHARLES S. FETTERMAN. Appointed until first Monday in Dec. 1877. 

1877, Nov. JOHN H.BAILEY. Elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1879, Nov. FRED. H. COLLIER. Re-elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1887, Nov. J. F. SLAGLE. Elected for ten years. 

President Judges of the District Court. 

When appointed. 

1833, May 2. ROBERT C. GRIER. Resigned Aug. 8, 1846. 

1846, Aug. 13. HOPEWELL HEPBURN. Re-commissioned Feb. 17, 1847. Resigned Nov. 3, 
1851. 

1851, Nov. 3. WALTER FORWARD. Elected and commissioned for ten years. Died in 1852. 

1852, Nov. 27. P. C. SHANNON. Appointed till first Monday in December, 1853. 

1853, Nov. 19. MOSES HAMPTON. Elected and commissioned for ten years. 

1863, Nov. 3. MOSES HAMPTON. Re-elected 

1873. Nov. THOMAS EWING. Elected and commissioned for ten years. 
1883. Nov. THOMAS EWING. Re-elected 

Associate Law Judges of the District Court. 

When appointed. 

1839, June 22. TREVANION B. DALLAS. Died 1841. 

1841, May 6. CHARLES SHALER. Resigned May 20, 1844. • 

1844, Sept. 17. HOPEWELL HEPBURN. Appointed President in 1846. 

1846, Aug. 20. WALTER H. LOWRIE. Re-commissioned April 17, 1847. Elected to the Su- 
preme Court in 18S1. 

1851, Nov. 7. HENRY W. WILLIAMS, Re-elected in 1861. Elected to Supreme Court in 
1868. Died 1877. 

1868, Nov. 10. JOHN M. KIRKPATRICK. Appointed till first Monday of December, 1869, 
and elected and commissioned Nov. 23, 1869, for ten years. Re-elected in 1879, 
and commissioned for ten years. 

1873, Nov. J. W. F. WHITE, Elected and commissioned for ten years. 

By the Constitution of 1873 the District Court was abolished, and became Common Pleas No. 2. 

1883, Nov. J. W. F. WHITE. Re-elected for ten years. 

1886, CHRISTOPHER MAGEE. Appointed in place of John M. Kirkpatrick, re- 

signed, and ill November elected for ten years. 



120 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



Orphans^ Court. 

The Judges of the Common Pleas were Judges of the Orphans' Court until the Act of 19th 
May, 1874, which erected a separate Orphans' Court for Allegheny County, with one Judge. 
1874, Nov. WM. G. HAWKINS. Elected for term often years 

By Act of 5th May, 1881, an Associate Judge for said Court was added. 
1881, Nov. JAMES W. OVER. Elected for term of ten years. 

1884, Nov. WM. G. HAWKINS. Reelected as President Judge for term often years. 



ALLEGHENY GOUNIHY INDUS^I^IES. 



COMPILED BY DAVID LOWRY, ESQ. 



AREA AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 

The territory of Allegheny county embraces 757 square miles. The 
annual report of the Secretary of Internal Affairs for the year ending 
December 31st, 1887, shows that the total number of taxables is 98,773. 
There is 333,428 acres cleared and 51,151 acres of timber land. The real 
estate in Allegheny county is valued at $235,880,005. The value of the 
real estate taxable is 1205,820,034, and the real estate exempt from taxa- 
tion is valued at $30,026,971. 

The number of horses, mar^s, geldings and mules returned was 
23,226, valued at $1,665,065. The neat cattle numbered 19,044, valued 
at $470,173; Swine, 25,000. There are 5,530 farms in the county, valued 
at $40,412,000, The value of the annual products of these farms in 1887 
was|3,989,000. They produced 889,000 bushels of corn, 936,000 bushels of 
oats, 408,000 bushels of wheat, 808,500 bushels of potatoes, 67,000 tons of 
hay, 280,000 pounds of wool, 350,000 dozens eggs, and the orchards and 
gardens yielded to the value of $800,000. 

POPULATION OF PITTSBURG. 

Pittsburg was incorporated as a borough on the 22d of April, 1794, 
with less than 1,000 inhabitants. In 1810 the inhabitants numbered 
4,768; in 1820, 7,248; in 1830, 16,988; in 1840,38,931; in 1850, 79,873; in 1860, 
124,844; in 1870 the population of Pittsburg and Allegheny numbered 
199,130. From this time the census reports covering both cities have 
been added together, as they are practically one community. In 1880 
the population of the two cities was 290,000. The population of Alle- 
gheny county in 1880, was given by the census at 355,869. Pittsburg 
proper has for a number of years been sub-divided into three districts, 
namely, the Old City, (first twelve wards). East End and South Side. 
Pittsburg has, as estimated by the Health Bureau July 1st, 1888, a 
population of 237,000, Allegheny 96,000, while the boroughs in the vicin- 
ity 75,000, and the townships of the county 122,000, making a total 
population of 530,000. From the same source we get the following in- 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 121 



formation: In 1887 there were 5,954 births, 2,033 marriages and 4,713 
deaths in Pittsburg, while for the first half of the year 1888, to July 1st, 
there has been 3,127 births, 1,135 marriages and 2,084 deaths. 

IRON AND STEEL. 

There are nineteen blast furnaces in Pittsburg, and five in the vicin- 
ity. These, with our thirty-six iron and twenty steel mills, constitute 
our leading industries. The industrial development of Allegheny county 
is so rapid that it arrests the attention of the world. Some idea of the 
enoi'mous increase in the capacity of Pittsburg and Allegheny county 
iron and steel mills may be obtained from the statement that since 
January 1, 1885, the steel furnace capacity in twelve iron and steel mills 
has been increased 1,164 tons per day, or at the rate of 349,200 tons per 
year. In several mills the furnace or smelting capacity has been in- 
creased upwards of 100 per cent., in some 200 per cent., and in one nearly 
300 per cent. Swank's Directory corrected to November, 1887, in which 
the capacity of the iron and steel mills of the country is given, furnishes 
proof of the correctness of these figures: 

A certain concern erected October, 1886, four 35-ton converters; 
another, in the same year, erected two 15-ton Siemens-Martin open 
hearth furnaces; another has just completed two 6-ton converters; 
another erected one 35-ton Siemens-Martin furnace in 1886; another 
erected one 15-ton open hearth furnace in 1886 and one in 1887; another 
erected in 1886-7 two 3-ton Clapp Griffith plants, with 3-ton converters 
each; another completed May, 1885, two 20-ton open hearth furnaces; 
another erected one 7- ton Bessemer converter, March, 1886; another 
completed one 20-ton open hearth steel furnace in June, 1886, and 
another one 18-ton furnace in the same year. To this summary must 
be added another one 18- ton furnace and five 30-ton open hearth steel 
furnaces erected by another concern, which will bring the total increase 
in the furnace capacity of Pittsburg steel mills since January, 1885, up 
to 1,164 tons per day, or 349,200 tons per year. The increase in the finish, 
ing departments has not quite kept pace with the producing capacity. 

There are thirty-five iron mills in Pittsburg, exclusive of the steel 
and rail mills, the capacity of which exceeds 780,000 tons per year. The 
output of these mills has been estimated at 580,000 tons per year. The 
capital invested is about $18,000,000. They furnish employment to 18,000 
men. The value of the products of our iron and steel mills is not easily 
determined. It can only be approximated. The best informed have 
estimated the value of the product of the rolling mills at about !}i36,000,- 
000 and the amount distributed to the workmen employed in them at 
$13,000,000. In 1884, it was estimated that in Allegheny County the 
amount of capital invested in Blast Furnaces was $5,240,000 ; in Iron 
Manufacturing, $22,000,000, and in Steel, $12,000,000, making a total in- 
vestment of $39,240,000. . 

The rail mills of Pittsburg have increased their capacity 100 per 
cent, since 1885, while their furnace capacit^'^ has been increased 500 tons 
per day. The total output of rails in 1887 was about 360,000 tons. 

One of the most important branches of iron manufacture is the 

A9 



J 22 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



mukiug of pipe. Pipes are made iu our pipe mills from one-eiglitli of 
an inch to twenty-four inches in diameter. Allegheny county has led 
the world in the manufacture of iron pipe. In 1884 the capacity of the 
local pipe mills was about 174,000 tons per annum. A single establish- 
ment now possesses a capacity of 300 tons per day; another has almost 
equal capacity; others made from 135 to 180 tons per day in 1887. The 
capacity of the wrought iron pipe mills to-day is about 1,200 tons per 
day, or 360,000 tons a year. The product of one estabhshment in 1886 
and 1887 exceeded the total output for 1884. The product of Pittsburg's 
pipe mills in 1887 was about 320,000 tons. 

The increase in the capacity and output of iron and steel wire mills 
is as remarkable as the increase in the manufacture of wrought iron 
pipes. The capacity of one mill is 10,000 tons per annum. Another 
concern makes 250 kegs of wire nails per day, and 10,000 miles of No. 
12 wire a month. This concern has perfected arrangements to increase 
their capacity to 750 kegs of nails per day and their wire capacity 30 per 
cent. A third concern surpasses either of the concerns referred to. It 
has a capacity of 35,000 net tons of wire per annum, which will soon be 
increased 20 per cent. Two of these establishments are of recent growth ; 
one was erected in 1886. The aggregate capacity of these three wire 
mills is 85,000 tons annually. The capacity will be increased in a few 
months to 108,000 tons per annum. 

The output of structural iron made in Pittsburg and vicinity in 1887 
approximated 165,000 tons. One concern produced about 118,000 tons. 
The railway supplies made in 1887 are estimated at 132,000 tons. 

The capacity of the blast furnaces in Pittsburg in 1861 was 75,000 
tons per annum. From 1861 to 1865 the increase was about 65 per cent. 
From 1865 to 1872 the increase in the capacity was 214 per cent. 
From 1872 to 1879 the capacity increased 60 per cent. The most remark- 
able increase was noted in 1887, however. The increase in the capacity 
of Pittsburg's blast furnaces since 1885 is 850 tons per day, or 245,000 tons 
per annum. Four furnaces — Laughlins, 200 tons per day; the Edith, 
150 tons per day, and two at the Edgar Thomson Bteel Works, each 250 
tons per day — make a total of 850 tons. The output for 1887 was 801,651 
gross tons. Here we have an increase iu the capacity of 1887 over that 
of 1861 of more than 1,000 per cent. There are nineteen blast furnaces 
in Pittsburg and five in the vicinity. The capacity of the last men- 
tioned is 97,000 tons per annum. The value of the plants is not easily 
determined. The value of the output, on the other hand, is easily ar- 
rived at. The lowest estimate would make it $13,000,000. 

The progress in the manufacture of steel has been as great as in any 
other field of industry. The steel mills of Pittsburg have a capacity of 
more than 150,000 tons crucible steel. Before the capacity was increased, 
in 1887, the largest annual output was estimated at 48,000 tons in round 
numbers. The American Iron and Steel Association estimated the out- 
put for 1885 at 42,139 tons. The value of the product is not as easily de- 
termined as pig iron; it maybe said that the value of the output of 
crucible steel for 1887 approximated $8,000,000. 



OP ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 128 



Tu estiniatiug the value of the Bessemer steel made in Pittsburg, we 
are guided by the report of the Iron and Steel Association, which gives 
the output of '85 at 364,405. Say that the output of 1887 was nearly the 
same, the value of the products of all the steel made in Pittsburg, in- 
cluding rails, would approximate $22,000,000. 

GI.ASS. 

The next important industry is the manufacture of glass. The same 
ratios of product are noted in the various branches of the glass trade as 
have been pointed out in the manufacture of iron and steel. In 1850 the 
glass product of Pittsburg was valued at $1,000,000, and in 1860 $1,800,- 
000. In 1875 the window and green glass made in Pittsburg was valued at 
$3,750,000. There are now fifteen window glass factories, nine bottle facto- 
ries, four factories engaged in the manufacture of fine blown (fancy) ware 
sixteen table ware, one factory engaged exclusively on mold ware, and 
seven factories making chimneys. The capacity of these factories as is 
follows: Bottle factories, 169 pots; chimney factories, 107 pots; mold 
ware, 20 pots; fancy blown ware, 57 pots; table ware, 339 pots; window 
ware, 292 pots. The increase in the capacity of the glass factories since 
natural gas was introduced in 1885 is estimated in two ways — by noting 
the increase in the pots and the advantages derived from the use of 
natural gas. The latter is about 10 per cent., the difference in the num- 
ber of pots about 7 per cent. 

The growth of the Pittsburg plate glass industry illustrates the 
growth of this branch in a remarkable manner. Established a 
few years ago, with a capacity of 50,000 square feet a month, it has in- 
creased its capacity until it is now 250,000 square feet per month. The 
greater portion of the increase in this, as in the majority of instances of 
extraordinary increase, was made in 1886 and 1887. Another factory, 
erected in 1887 by Pittsburg capitalists at Butler, will make the total 
capacity of our plate glass works nearly 350,000 square feet per month. 
In the manufacture of plate glass Pittsburg is fully abreast with the 
world; her products in every respect equal, and in some surpass those of 
France. 

Pittsburg glassworkers rival the Venetian and excel the Bohemian 
workmen in the manufacture of ornamental glass. A single firm makes 
12,000,000 chimneys in a year. 

The fifteen window glass factories employ about 1,800 hands, who 
receive about $1,400,000 in a year. The plants are estimated at $2,000,000; 
value of products $4,850,000. The sixteen table ware factories give em- 
ployment to 3,000 hands, who receive $1,300,000. The value of the plants 
is said to be $1,600,000; the annual product is worth $3,000,000. The 
seven chimney factories furnish employment to 1,500 hands, who earn 
about $600,000 a year. They produce 30,000,000 chimneys a year, besides 
an enormous quantity and great variety of globes, domes, reflectors, etc. 
The cost of the plants exceeds a million; the value of their annual pro- 
duct is about $1,200,000. The nine bottle factories employ 900 hands, 
who receive $500,000. The capital invested is about $750,000; value of 
product $900,000. The factories engaged upon fine blown ware employ 



i24 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



about 600 hands, who receive about $400,000 a year. The plants are esti- 
mated at $300,000; product at $450,000. 

In addition to these there are four glass mold factories, employing 70 
hands; product $150,000. There isan establishment engaged in the silver- 
ing of glass, whicli silvers glass made in Pittsburg factories, and several 
establishments are engaged in staining glass made in this city. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

In miscellaneous manufactures the progress made keeps pace with 
the development of the leading industries. There are three large shops 
in which heavy and light locomotives are made. The pioneer shop was 
established in 1875. The capacity of the works is 200 locomotives per 
annum. They have made upwards of 1,000 locomotives and a large 
number of stationary engines. 

In the manufacture of light locomotives, the average output has 
steadily increased in the last ten years from 50 to 100 per cent. About 
250 men are employed by the concern engaged in making light locomo- 
tives. The capacity of the shop is twelve per month. Upwards of 700 
locomotives have been made in it. 

The builders of stationary steam engines have increased their 
capacity from 40 to 50 per cent, since 1880. The boiler makers have also 
increased their capacity in equal ratio. 

In the manufacture of fire-proof safes the capacity has increased 
upwards of 30 per cent, since 1885. One concern can make 300 safes per 
month. 

The manufacture of pig lead was established in Pittsburg in 1875. 
The lead is produced from ores and base bullion brought from Colorado, 
Utah, Montana and Idaho. The factory employs 120 hands, whose 
wages amounts to $100,000 a year. The product is estimated at from 
3,000,000 to 4,000,000 ounces of silver a year, also 22,000 tons of pig lead, 
worth $2,000,000. The plant cost about $150,000. The total value of the 
products, it will be seen, is between $5,000,000 and $6,000,000. Thereare 
nine factories in which what is termed "white lead" is made. These con- 
cerns increased their capacity 30 per cent, since 1885. The output of 
the white lead factories in 1887 was about 900,000 kegs of 25 pounds 
each. The output for 1888 will approximate 1,200,000 kegs. The total 
capital invested amounts to $1,700,000. 

There are two copper mills in which metal is rolled. These employ 
upwards of 100 hands, who receive about $75,000 year. The value of the 
product is about $650,000. The plants cost about $300,000. 

The increase in the business of building blast furnaces and steel mills 
is extraordinary. The chief concern engaged in constructing and erecting 
blast furnaces and steel mills all over the country reports an increase 
which, compared with other branches, simply dwarfs them. For 
obvious reasons, however, the figures are withheld. A single concern 
employs 400 hands in the shops, and 250 hands outside, who earn about 
$600,000 a year. This concern has done a net business exceeding $1,000,- 
000 in a year. 



126 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



Pittsburg is now regarded as the best market for fine brass ware in 
the country. Three years ago one of the largest and most successful fac- 
tories devoted to the manufacture of elegant and light brass ware was 
established in Pittsburg. The range of articles made here embraces 
everything in use. It gives employment to 150 men; the value of the 
products exceeds f;300,000. There are fifteen brass foundries in Pitts- 
burg, which employ about 400 hands. The plants are valued at $200,000; 
products at $650,000. 

Three concerns engaged in the manufacture of pressed tin and 
Japaned ware goods employ 400 hands, who earn about $180,000 a year; 
value of products, $500,000. 

A single factory devoted to the manufacture of Brittania ware gave 
work to 75 hands, who receive $40,000. The product is valued at $90,000. 

The iron foundries of Pittsburg devoted to the manufacture of mill 
machinery have increased their capacity 20 per cent, within three years. 
They furnish employment to about 500 hands. The cost of the plants is 
estimated at $350,000; wages, about $280,000; products, $560,000. The 
total capacity of the iron foundries of Pittsburg approximates 850,000 
tons annually. 

A single concern engaged in bridge building employs 600 hands at 
their works, which has an annual capacity of 18,000 tons finished work. 
About $400,000 is paid the hands a year. 

Six concerns engaged in the manufacture of nuts and bolts employ 
500 hands, who receive $325,000 a year; value of plants, about 400,000; 
products, $1,400,000. 

Three establishments devoted to chain making employ about 100 
hands; cost of plants, $100,000; capacity, 2,000 tons a year; product, 
about $120,000. 

The manufacture of bronzes shows a great increase. Some of the 
concerns engaged in this business have a melting capacity of 5,000 
pounds per day. There are four concerns almost exclusively engaged in 
the manufacture of bronzes, with an aggregate melting capacity of 
10,200 pounds per day. One of these makes 50,000 a month, and it is 
estimated that the total product of the four leading concerns exceeds 
192,000 pounds of bronze per month. There are a number of other 
estabUshments which make bronzes, which will make the aggregate 
upwards of 200,000 pounds. The growth of the leading concerns dates 
since 1884. 

There are two shot towers in Pittsburg. The cost of plants, number 
hands and value of product are withheld. The capacity of the towers, 
the owners state, has been increased 50 per cent, within a year. 

The growth of the manufacture of fire brick has been steady. The 
history of one concern will ilUistrate the increase. In 1865 the Star Fire 
Brick Company made about 4,000 brick per day. In 1879 the capacity 
was increased to 15,000, and to-day its capacity is 36,000 a day. The in- 
crease in other establishments is almost as great. Upwards of 60,000,000 
brick were made in Pittsburg in 1887. 

The report of tl^e Internal Revenue Collector for this district for the 
six months ending December, 1887, shows an increase on beer of 
$54,861.35; on spirits, $174,106.20; on cigars, $24,325, on tobacco, $5,698. 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 127 



Pittsburg made 90 per cent, more tobies in 1887, 1886 and 1887 than 
were made in 1884. 

The tanneries report a uniformly good business and steady increase. 
They employ about 900 men and the output was estimated at $4,800,000. 
They turn out from 7,200 to 7,500 sides of harness leather per week. 

A single concern, devoted exclusively to the manufacture of belting, 
reports that the business increased 400 per cent, since 1885. 

The capacity of the concerns engaged in the manufacture of shoes 
and uppers has increased about 28 per cent, since 1885. One concern in- 
creased its capacity 35 per cent, in 1887. The trade has been very pros- 
perous in Pittsburg, which now leads Cleveland and Cincinnati. 

The manufacture of carbon points is a new industry in Pittsburg. 
There are two establishments, one of which, the Faraday Carbon Co., 
reports that it has increased its capacity since 1885 from 20,000 carbons 
per month to 600,000 per month. 

Six of the eight concerns which roast coffee have increased their 
roasting capacity 45 per cent. Fifteen years ago there were only ten 
coffee-roasting cylinders in Pittsburg. Now there are 78, which roast 
150,000 pounds per day, or 42,000,000 pounds a year. 

A concern engaged in the manufacture of paper sacks has a capacity 
of 25,000,000 sacks per year; output 1,500,000 flour sacks per month; in- 
crease in capacity since 1885 about 22 per cent. 

The lumber trade centering in Pittsburg has made rapid strides since 
1882, but the most remarkable increase was in 1886 and 1887. The in- 
crease in two years exceeded 80 per cent. Upwards of 2,000,000 feet were 
handled in 1887. 

The largest cork factory in the world is located in Pittsburg. The 
concern sells corks and bungs to theamountof from $800,000 to $1,000,000 
a year. The increase in output in 1887 was upwards of 18 per cent. 

The increase in pork packing since 1885 is put at about 120 per cent. 
There was upward of 108,000,000 pounds of hogs handled by Pittsburg 
packers in 1887. The daily receipts of green meat averaged 15 cars. 

COAL AND COKE. 

Chas. A. Ashburner's report of the mineral resources of the United 
States for the year 1886 shows: " The total product of all kinds of com- 
mercial coal in 1886, exclusive of that consumed at the mines, known as 
colliery consumption, was 107,682,209 short tons; the spot value, or price 
at which it was sold at the mines, was $147,112,755. Of this amount 
32,764,710 long tons (2,240 pounds), or 36,696,475 short tons, were Penn- 
sylvania anthracite, the spot value of which was $71,558,126. All other 
coals, including bituminous, brown coal, lignite and small lots of an- 
thracite, produced in Arkansas and Colorado, aggregated a total produc- 
tion of 70,985,734 short tons, the spot value being $75,554,629. The same 
authority states the total production of bituminous coal in Pennsylvania 
for 1886 was 26,160,735 short tons, not including colliery consumption. 
This was valued at $21,016,235. Allegheny county contained the greatest 
number of mines, eighty-five, yielding 4,202,086 tons of coal, valued at 
$3,886,930. 



128 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



The cokerios in what is known as the Connellsville basin now num- 
ber nearly 12,000 ovens. The annual products of these is from 4,0(X),000 
to 5,.000,000 tons of coke, consuming 180,000,000 bushels of coal, or 
7,500,000 tons. The number of employes who are under wages in the 77 
cokeries in the Connellsville region, in all the various departments of 
labor therewith connected, is about 8,000; the wages disbursed about 
$4,000,000. The output of coke of the C!onnellsville region runs, under 
the present production, from $5,000,000 to 17,000,000 a year. 

One authority, summing up the coal trade of Allegheny county in 
all the divisions thereof, including the cokeries, which are practically 
collieries, as they mine the coal used from their own works, 204 collieries, 
which employ 27,680 hands, whose wages amount to $11,150,000, values 
the improvements, exclusive of the cost of the coal, at $12,600,000, and 
estimates the sales value from $22,000,000 to $25,000,000, according to the 
ruhng market rates of about 430,000,000 bushels, or 17,200,000 tons, mined 
annually. 

BOAT BUILDING. 

We include boat building among the early industries of Pittsburg. 
The first steam boat built in this city, the New Orleans, left Pittsburg 
on her trial trip October 11, 1811. From the date of the construction of 
the New Orleans to the present time the building of steam boats, with 
the exception of a few intervals, has been a leading industry. The re- 
port of the supervising inspector for 1857 shows that out of four 
hundred and seventy steamers which navigated western waters at that 
time two hundred and fourteen were built in this city. These averaged 
331 tons burden^ making an aggregate of 7,834 tons. 

The report of the inspector for 1870 shows one hundred and fifty-six 
steamers of all classes, having an aggregate tonnage of 40,104 tons, were 
inspected at this port. The report for 1887 shows the one hundred and 
fifty-two vessels belonging to this port made a total tonnage of 33,- 
240.20. 

The total amount of capital invested in steamers, tugs, coal barges 
and boats is about $8,000,000. 

A practical illustration of the value of our river and coal interests 
will be found in the following account of the service the tow boat 
"O'Neill" performed. The account is taken from the Pittsburg Times: 
"The O'Neill proved a success from the outset. In her first season she 
took a tow of thirty-eight pieces from Louisville to New Orleans, landed 
it, hitched to twenty-eight pieces and had them back at Louisville 
within twenty-nine days from the time of starting. E. W. McDonald, 
City Coal Gauger at New Orleans, furnishes the following figures of her 
cargo. Her tow consisted of twenty-seven coal |boats, six barges, one 
French Creek and four small barges, carrying 26,700 tons, or 700,294 
bushels of coals. The tow was 710 feet long and 238 feet wide, covering 
a space in the river of five acres, and carrying as much coal as could be 
mined from seven acres of the Pittsburg vein. Supposing a locomotive 
to haul twenty-five cars in a train, and each car to contain 300 bushels, 
it would take eighty-nine locomotives and two thousand two hundred 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 129 



and twenty-five cars to haul the O'Neill's cargo of 25,000 tons, making 
a continuous procession of trains about ten miles long." 

RAILROAD SYSTEM OF PITTSBURG. 

The railway system of Pittsburg contributes as much to her growth 
and success as the fact that she commands unrivaled water high- 
ways. Her railway lines reach the East, Northeast, Southeast, North, 
Northwest, South and Southwest; her railway system is direct, un- 
interrupted, comprehensive. Geographically, Pittsburg is situated in 
such a manner as to enjoy all tlie advantages which accrue from re- 
ciprocities of trade. The Pennsylvania railroad to Philadelphia brings 
Pittsburg in close and direct communication with New York, and the 
Northeast by the New Jersey railroads; with Baltimore and the South, 
by the Northern Central, which connects with the Pennsylvania at 
Harrisburg. 

The Allegheny Valley railroad stretches to the Northeast, connect- 
ing us with the great trunk lines of the lake routes. The Pittsburg division 
of the Baltimore & Ohio railroad secures us in the southwesterly direc- 
tion communication through Baltimore. 

The Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago railroad opens up to us the 
vast net-work of roads covering the West. By the Pittsburg, Cin- 
cinnati & St. Louis railroad not only is a second avenue to Chicago and 
the Northwest secured, but a direct route to St. Louis, one hundred and 
forty miles shorter from the ICast than that by way of Buffalo and 
Cleveland. By this road a second and different connection is formed 
with the net of roads which gives us direct communication with the 
heart of Ohio, Indiana and Hlinois. 

The Cleveland & Pittsburg railroad gives us free communication 
with the lakes and the railway systems extending northwardly and to 
the West from the lakes. 

Another direct northern route is found in the Erie & Pittsburg 
railroad, and by the Pittsburg & Lake Erie railroad we have another 
route to the North, Northwest, West and East. Thus we have four 
lines to the great lakes. 

The Pittsburg, Virginia & Charleston railroad gives easy access to 
the south, or left bank of the Monongahela, while the Western Penn- 
sylvania railroad gives us equal facilities on the north bank of the Alle- 
gheny, and connection East by way of the Pennsylvania railroad. The 
Pittsburg & Western also adds to the facilities for transportation on the 
north bank of the Allegheny, and the Pittsburg, McKeesport & 
Youghiogheny gives us access to the heart of the Counellsville coke 
region. 

Here we have twelve distinct railroads, of which six are classed as 
trunk lines. It is unnecessary to refer to the position the Penosylvaiiia 
railroad occupies among trunk lines. The Baltimore & Ohio is the 
second eastern trunk line; the Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne & Chicago is the 
oldest western trunk line. The second western trunk line is the Pitts- 
burg, Cincinnati & St. Louis railroad, which crosses six states. The 
third trunk line is the Cleveland & Pittsburg railroad, and the Erie & 
Pittsburg railroad makes the fourth. 



130 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



It requires but a single glance at the map to see how Pittsburg grasps 
river, lake and railway transportation easily, and by virtue of her geo- 
graphical position compels each to serve her in the future as the western 
water-ways have served her in the past. 

BANKS. 

The twenty-six National banks of Pittsburg aggregate a capital of 
$10,620,000. The total surplus foot up $4,282,825. The total dividends 
since their organization aggregates 120,987,626. 

The capital of five individual banks foots up $700,000; surplus, 
$101,900; dividends, $488,375. 

The capital of the seven State banks is $1,815,300; surplus, $451,237; 
dividends since organization, $5,547,445. 

The capital in the fourteen saving banks makes a total of $1 1 ,964,850; 
surplus, $447,331. 



CHURCHES OF PITTSBURG AND ALLEGHENY. 



BAPTIST. 

Antioch (colored), Liberty avenue and Twenty- 
eighth street, Rev John Robinson. 

Ebenezer (colored), Colwell and Milton streets, 
Rev J H Pryor. 

First German, South Nineteenth, between Car- 
son and Sarah, Rev L H Downer. 

Fifth Avenue, New Market House, Fifth avenun. 
Rev Alfred Turner. 

Fourth Avenue, Ross street, near Fourth 
avenue, Rev E T Fox, associate pastor. 

Green Street (colored), Lacock street, near 
Anderson, Allt-gheny, Rev J Jones. 

Mt. Washington, Sycamore street, near Shiloh 
street, Thirty-second ward, no pastor. 

Nixon Street, Nixon street, near Manhattan, 
Allegheny, Rev John ''rooks. 

Sandusky Street, Sandusky and North alley, 
■Mlegheny, Rev B F Woodburn, DD. 

Shady Avenue, Shady avenue, East End, Rev 
E D Hammond. 

Sharpsburg, North Main street, Sharpsburg, 
Rev Alex McArthur. 

Tabernacle (colored), Howard street, near 
North avenue, Allegheny, Rev J W I'aylor. 

Thirty-seventh Street, on Thirty-seventh street, 
below Butler. 

Union, South Nineteenth street, near Carson, 
Rev J W Riddle. 

Welsh, Chatham street, between Wylie and 
Fifth avenues, Rev D R Davies 

Siloam (colored), Liberty Hall, East End, Rev 
W M H Duvall. 

CATHOLIC. 

PITTSBURG. 

St. Paul's Cathedral, Fifth avenue and Grant 
street, Rt Rev J Tuigg, DD; Rev D Kearney, 
Rev Wm Graham, Rev A A Wertenb^ch, Rev 
John N Denny, assistants. 

St. Patrick's, Seventeenth and and Liberty, Rev 
S Wall, rector. 

St. Philomena, German, Fourteenth and Liberty, 
Rev Lawrence Werner, C SS R; Rev Leon 
Schwabei, C SS R; Rev Frederick Brandstaetter, 
C SS R; Rev Louis Zinnen. C SS R: Rev Fran- 
cis E Klauder. 



Orphan Asylum, Tannehill 
Murphy, Rev J F Regis 

Craft 



St. Bridget's, Enoch street, Rev Jerome Kear- 
ney, Rev Michael Ward. 

Holy Trinity (German), Fulton street and Centre 
avenue, Camelite Fathers Very Rev Pius R 
Mayer, Prior. 

St. Mary's Convent Chapel, Webster avenue, 
attended from Cathedral. 

Mercy Hospital Chapel, Stevenson street, Rev 
John Ward. 

St. Paul's R. C. 
street. Rev Martir 
Canavan. 

Ursuline Convent, Fifth avenue, near 
avenue, attended from Holy Trinity. 

Our Lady of Mercy, Third avenue and Ferry, 
Rev M Sheedy. 

St. Agnes', Fifth avenue. Fourteenth ward. Rev 
Thos Corcoran; Rev Thos Rosensteel, assistant. 

St Mary's, Forty-fifth street. Rev Wm Pollard; 
Rev Thos F Briley, assistant. 

St. Augustine's' (German), Butler and Thirty- 
seventh streets, Rev Father Mauritius Greek, O 
M Cap and Capuchin Fathers. 

Franciscan Hospital, Forty-fourth street, at- 
tended from St. Augustine's. 

St. Joseph's, Bloomfield, Sixteenth ward, Rev 
George P AUman, Rev Clemens Krogman. 

St. Stephen's. Second avenue, Twenty-third 
ward. Rev D J Devlin. 

Sacred Heart (English), East End, Twentieth 
ward. Rev F Kean. 

St. Ann Convent, attended from St. Peter's. 

Convent of the Sacred Heart (Sisters of Charity), 
East End. 

SS. Peter and Paul's (German), East End, 
Twentieth ward, Rev Jos Suhr. 

St. James, Wilkinsburg, Rev A A Lambing. 

St. John the Baptist, Thirty-second street and 
Liberty avenue. Rev C V Neeson; Rev Benedict 
Baldauf. 

Convent Sisters of Charity, Penn avenue, near 
Thirtieth, attended from St. John the Baptist 
(Jhurch. ^ 

St. Angela's Convent, East End, attended from 
SS. Peter and Paul's. 

St. Patrick's Convent of Mercy, Liberty 
I avenue, attended from St. Patrick's Chnr( b 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



131 



St. Philomena's Convent, Liberty avenue, at- 
tended from St. Philomena's Church. 

St. Mary's Convent of Mercy, Forty-fifth, at- 
tended from St. Mary's. 

St. Stanislaus (Polish), Penn avenue, between 
Fifteenth and Sixteenth streets. Holy Ghost 
Fathers. 

St Keigan's, Eighteenth ward, Rev Thomas F 
Briiey. 

SOUTH SIDE. 

St John Evangelists, South Fourteenth, Rev O 
P Gallagher. 

St Malachy's, Thirty-third ward. Rev James J 
McTighe. 

Convent Sisters of Charity, South Fourteenth 
street 

St Michael's (German), Pius street. Rev Father 
Bernard, pastor, and Rev Fathers George , Christo- 
pher and William, passionists. 

St Peter's (German), South Twenty-eighth and 
Sarah, Rev John B Duffner and Rev John Heine. 

St Paul of the Cross, Rev F Guido and Passion- 
ist Fathers. 

St Joseph's (German), Mt Oliver, Rev A 
Fischer. 

Franciscan Convent, attended from St Michael's. 

St Martin's, Thirty-sixth ward. Rev H Gobel. 

St James', Thirty-sixth ward,- Revs F Tobin, J 
Martin. 

St Mary's of the Mount, Kearsarge and Belonda, 
Rev James Tobin. 

St Wendelin, Mt. Oliver, Rev A Rosswog. 

Holy Cross, Carson and South Thirty-second 
streets, Rev Thos Devlin. 

St Adelbert (Polish), South Twelfth and Manor. 
Rev Miskiewicz. 

St George's (German), Clima.x street, i'hirty- 
first ward, Rev S I Schraum. 

ALLEGHENY. 

St Peter's, Sherman avenue and Ohio, Right 
Rev R Phelan, rector; Rev J O'Connell, Rev L 
McEvoy 

St Mary's (German), Washington and North 
streets. Rev Leander Schnerr, O S B, rector. 

St Mary's Convent, Benedictine Nuns, Fulton 
and Franklin sti-eets, Pittsburg, and 20_ North 
Canal street, Allegheny. 

St Bonifacius Royal, near East street, Rev 
Wilbert, O S B. 

St Wenceslaus (Bohemian), Main street. Rev 
Francis Xavier, O S B. 

House of Industry, Washington street, attended 
from St Peter's. 

House of the Little Sisters of the Poor, oO Wash- 
ington street, attended from St Mary's. 

Mortuary Chapel (German Cemetery), attended 
from St Mary's. 

St Joseph's Orphan Asylum (German), Troy 
Hill, attended from St Augustine's. [ 

Most Holy Name of Jesus (German), Troy Hill, 
Rev S J Mollinger. 

St Andrews, Beaver avenue, Rev ]\I Carroll: R 
Kenna, assistant. 

St Joseph's (German), Fulton and Franklin 
streets. Rev Peter Kaufman, Jos Eger. 

St Anne's, Millvale borough. Rev John Quinn. 

St Anthony's, Rev John Wilkins. 

St Joseph's, Sharpsburg, Rev Geo S'Grace. j 

St Mary's, Sharpsburg, Rev Francis Schwab, j 
Rev Theophile Meyer. i 

CONGREGATIONALIST. , 

Welsh, Fifth avenue, near Chestnut street. Rev ; 
H E Thomas, DD. ! 

Welsh, Sidney, between South Nineteenth and 
South Twentieth, Rev D M George. 

The First Congregational Church of Allegheny, I 
Manhattan and Franklin streets, Allegheny, Rev 
A M Hills. 

First Independent, 6 Sixth street. 



DISCIPLES. 

First Christian, Allegheny, Arch street and 
Montgomery avenue, Rev Wm F Cowden. 

Hazelwood, Hazelwood avenue. Twenty-third 
ward. Rev H K Pendleton. 

Emerson Street, East Liberty, Rev Thomas D 
Butler. 

EPISCOPAL. 

Episcopal Church Rooms, 36 Sixth, room 14; 
Rt Rev Cortlandt Whitehead, DD, Bishop of the 
diocese of Pittsburg, Shady Side, Pittsburg. 

Trinity, Sixth avenue, between Wood and 
Smithfield, Rev Samuel Maxwell. 

St Peters, Grant and Diamond, Rev W R 
MsLckay. 

St Andrew's, Ninth, between Penn avenue and 
Duquesne way, Rev John Crockar White, DD. 

St James', Penn avenue and Sixteenth, Rev 
Wm Thompson. 

St Paul's, Roberts, Eighth ward. Rev Thomas 
Crumpton, DD. 

St Cyprian's, Old avenue. Rev W H Wilson. 

Emmanuel, North and Allegheny avenues. Rev 
Morison Byllesby. 

St Luke's, Pearl street, near Penn avenue. Rev 
L McLure. 

St Mark's, South Eighteenth, below Carson, 
Rev Jas G Cameron. 

St Johns, Butler and Main streets. Rev S M 
Wren. 

Christ, North Diamond street and Union ave- 
nue, Allegheny, Rev Robert Meech. 

Good Shepherd, Hazelwood, Rev H D Waller. 

Grace, Mt Washington, Sycamore and Bertha 
streets. Rev R J Coster. 

Calvary, East Liberty, Kev Boyd Vincent, Rev 
Geo Hodges, assistant rector. 

St Philip's Mission, Wilkinsburg, Rev Wm 
Heakes. 



EVANGELICAN LUTHERAN. 

First English, Grant street and Strawberr^^ alley. 
Rev E Belfour. 

Grace, Carson and S Seventh streets. Rev J 
K Melhorn. 

Christ, Sheridan avenue. East End, Rev W A 
Passavant, Jr. 

English Lutheran, Manhattan street and Western 
avenue, Allegheny, Rev J Q Waters. 

St Paul's (English), Middle and Second streets, 
Allegheny, Rev G W Loos. 

First German, Sixth avenue, near Fifth avenue, 
Rev F A Ahner. 

Second German Pride and Ann streets. Rev 
N Soerg'el. 

St Peter's (German), Station and Collins avenue, 
East End, Rev H Schmidt. 

German, S Eighteenth, below Carson, Rev P 
Brand. 

Trinity, Stockton avenue and Arch, Allegheny, 
Rev J G Goettman, pastor, 13 Stockton avenue. 

German, Madison avenue and Liberty, Alle- 
gheny, Rev H J Schuh. 

German, North avenue and Middle street, Alle- 
gheny, no pastor, 

Mt Zion, Perrysville road, Allegheny, Rev J 
Fink. 

Zion (German), Grandview avenue, Rer A 
Ebert. 

St Paul's (German), Chartiersand Adams streets 
Allegheny. Rev A R Kuldel. 

Zion's, i'hirty-seventh and Bank street. Rev M 
Hein. 

St John's (German), Fortieth street, near Butler 
Rev P M Keidenbach. 

Cethany English I,utheran, Hiland and Centre 
avenues. East End, Rev Geo L Hamm. 



132 



CENTENNIAL HISTORY 



METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

Christ, Penn avenue and Eighth street. Rev O 
J Cowles, D D 

Liberty Street, Liberty avenue and Fourth street, 
RevW D Lichhter. 

Smithfield Street, Smithfield street and Seventh 
avenue. Rev C B Mitchell. 

Fifth Avenue, Fifth avenue, between Elm and 
Logan, Rev J T Riley. 

Trinity, Smallman and Twenty-fifth streets, 
Rev J W Kessler. 

Centenary, Kirkpatrick, near Centre avenue. Rev 
O A Emerson. 

Butler Street, Butler and Fortieth stieets. Rev 
W H Pierce. 

Emory, Penn avenue. East End, Rev C V 
Wilson. 

Denny, Thirty-fourth street, near Penn avenue. 
Rev R Cartwright. 

Hazelwood, Rev J A Ballantyne. 

St Paul's, Rev J G Gogley. 

Oakland, Kev B F Beazell. 

Homewood, Rev J B Risk. 

Wilkinsburg, Rev J F Core. 

Squirrel Hill, Rev W Medley. 

Buena Vista Street, Puena Vista and Jackson 
streets, Allegheny, Rev J J Mcllyar. 

Arch Street, Arch, above Ohio, Allegheny, Rev 
W F Conner. 

North Avenue, North avenue and Arch, Rev T 
J Leak, D D. 

LTnion, Pennsylvania avenue and Manhattan, 
Allegheny, Rev C A Holmes, D D. 

Simpson Chapel, Duquesne borough. Rev J E 
Williams. 

Union Centenary, Sharpsburg, Rev L McGuire. 

Bingham Street, S Fourteenth and Bingham, 
Rev R T Miller. 

Walton, S Twenty-fifth and Sarah streets. Rev 
B R Wilburn. 

South Pittsburgh, West Carson, Rev M D 
Lichliter. 

Main Street, Thirty-fifth ward, Rev H C 
Beacon, D D. 

Mt Washington, Rev J A Banks. 

South Street, Excelsior and Allen streets, Thirty- 
first ward. Rev R L Miller, D D. 

Allegheny (German), Ohio street and Union ave- 
nue. Rev L Allinger and Rev D Bau. 

Pittsburgh First German Church, Fourtieth 
street and Allentown avenue, Rev P J Graessle. 

Pittsburgh German City Mission, Rev C Colder. 

Pittsburgh Second German, Church and East 
Liberty, D Graessle and B Briel. 

Wood's Run, Rev Wm Johnson. 

Hudson Chapel, Bennett station, W P R R, Rev 
L R Beacom. 

Wesley Chapel, 1726 Penn avenue, Rev Geo S 
Holmes. 

Warren, Rev J H Watson 

AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL. 

Bethel, Wylie avenue and Elm street. Rev D S 
Bently. 

Brown's Chapel, Hemlock and Boyle, Alle- 
gheny, Rev W S Lowrie. 

St James, Mary and Heberton, East End, Rev 
J N Morris. 

Brownsville, Rev Geo K Skinner. 

Zion, Avery and North, Allegheny, Rev John 
A Mulligan. 

John Wesley Chapel, Arthur street, near Centre 
avenue. Rev Jokn Holliday. 

South Side, S Fourteenth street. Rev W H 
Palmer. 

ME rilODIST PROTESTANT. 

First, Fifth avenue, between Smithfield and 
Grant, Rev David Jones. 



Second, Fifth avenue and Marion, Rev. Geo 
Shaffer. 

Sharpsburg, Supplies. 

Birmingham, S Eighteenth street, near Carson, 
Rev M L Jennings. 

Mt Oliver, Rev G W Morris. 

First, Union avenue, Allegheny, Rev W R 
Cowl. 

Fourth, Park avenue. East End, Rev G G 
Westfall. 

Third, Seeond avenue, above Brady, supplies. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

First, Wood, between Sixth avenue and Virgin 
alley, Rev George T Purves. 

Second, Penn avenue and Seventh street. Rev 
Wm McKibbin. 

Third, Sixth avenue and Cherry alley. Rev E P 
Cowan, D D. 

Sixth, Franklin and Tc wnsend streets. Rev John 
F Patterson. 

Bellefield, Fourteenth ward. Rev W J Holland, 
Ph D. 

Fourth, Evelyn and Liberty avenue, Rev WmP 
Shrom, D D. 

East Liberty, Penn and Hiland avenues. Rev J 
P E Kumler, D D. 

First, East Birmingham, Sarah and S Twentieth 
streets. Rev Alex Jackson. 

Grace Memorial (colored), Arthur street, Rev 
W F Brooks. 

Hazelwood, Rev John S Plumer. 

Lawrenceville, Thirty-ninth, between Penn ave- 
nue and Butler street. 

Forty-third street. Rev R Lea, Ph D. 

Mt Washington, Grant avenue, near Kirkpat- 
rick. 

Seventh, Minersville, Rev R A Hill. 

Shady Side, Anderson avenue. East End, Rev 
John M Richmond. 

Mt Oliver, no pastor. 

Eighth, West Pittsburg, Rev E R Donehoo. 

Park avenue. Rev G W Chalfant. 

Central, Forbes, near Seneca, Rev W P Brad- 
dock. 

Welsh, Second avenue and Cherry alley. Rev 
L C Davis. 

ALLEGHENY. 

First, Arch, between Park Way and Ohio street. 

Second, Franklin and Market, Rev J L Fulton, 
D D. 

Central, Lacock and Anderson, Rev I N Hays, 
D D. 

German, Juniata and Chartiers, Rev John Lau- 
nitz. 

North, Lincoln and Grant avenue. Rev John 
Fox. 

Providence Mission, Liberty, near Chestnut, 
Rev Wm M Robinson. 

McClure Avenue, Rev W C Burchard. 

School Street Mission, Rev Clarence M Junkins. 

Bethel, Gallagher and Charles, Rev Wilson E 
Donaldson. 

Millvale, Rev Albert D Light. 



UNITED PRESBYTERIAN. 

First, Seventh avenue and Cherry alley. Rev 
Wm J Reid, D D. 

Second, Sixth avenue, between Smithfield and 
Grant streets. Rev D S Littell. 

Third, Diamond, between Grant and Ross, Rev 
J T McCrory. 

Fourth, Seventeenth and Penn, Rev J D Turner. 

Fifth, Washington and Webster, Rev J W Har- 
sha. 

Sixth, Station and Collins, East End, Rev R 
B Ewing, D D. 

Seventh, Forty-fourth and Butler, Rev J D 
Sands, 



OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY. 



133 



Eighth, Locust and Van Braam, Rev John M 
Wallace. 

Ninth, S Fourteenth and Bingham. 

Tenth, Wylie and Devilliers, Rev W H Knox. 

Eleventh, S Main, near Wabash avenue. 

Mt Washington, Rev M J Smalley. 

ALLEGHENY. 

First, Union avenue. Rev W J Robinson, D D. 

Second, Sandusky and Stockton, Rev W H Mc- 
Millin, D D. 

Third, Ridge avenue. Rev E J McKitrick. 

Fourth, Arch and Montgomery, Rev J M Fulton, 
D D. 

Fifth, Irwin and Franklin, Rev J W Wither- 
spoon, D D. 

Sixth, Franklin and Chartiers, Rev David F Mc- 
Gill. 

Seventh, Island avenue. Rev Geo W McDonald. 

Union Mission, East and First streets, John 
White, Superintendent. 

Fourth Ward Mission, J D Eraser, Superinten- 
dent. 

Fifth Ward Mission, Western avenue and Man- 
hattan street, J B Van Fossen, Superintendent. 

Lombard Street Mission, Rev R J Miller. 

Fourth Church Mission, Montgomery avenue. 

Third Church Mission, Ridge avenue. 

REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN. 

First Reformed Presbyterian Church, Grant, 
near Sixth, Rev Nevin Woodside. 

First, N S Oak alley, near Liberty avenue, 
vacant. 

Reformed Presbyterian, O S, Eighth street, 
near Duquesne Way, Rev D McAllister, D D. 

Allegheny Reformed Presbyterian, Sandusky 
and North Diamond street, J R J Milligan. 

Central, Allegheny, Sandusky street, between 
Ohio and South Diamond, Rev J W SprouU. 

Reformed Presbyterian Church, Station and 
Frankstown, Rev J M Finley. 

EVANGELICAD ASSOCIATION. 

ENGLISH. 

Mt Olivet, Fulton street near Wylie avenue. 



Emanuel, Third street and Madison avenue, 
Allegheny. 

Bidwell and Pennsylvania avenues, Allegheny. 
Zion, Sixth avenue, near Wylie. 

CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN. 

First, Allegheny, Grant and North avenues. 
Rev J H Barnett. 



REFORMED CHURCH OF THE U. S. 

Grace, Grant and Webster avenues Rev John H 
Prugh. 

Trinity, Wilkinsburg, Hamilton and Coal streets. 
Rev Jas S Freeman. 

Zion, East End, Hiland avenue, near Penn, Rev 
J W Miller. 



St Paul's, Forty-fourth street, near Butler, Rev 
J Herold. 



UNITED EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT 
GERMAN. 

First German United Evg. Protestant, Church 
alley and Ohio street, Allegheny, Rev B Pick, D D. 

United Evangelical Protestant, Sixth avenue and 
Smithfield street Rev Fred Ruoff. 

First German United Evangelical Protestant, 
Jane, between S Seventeenth and S Eighteenth, 
Rev Gustave Lorch. 

German United Evangelical Protestant, 
" Baum's," Bloomfield, Rev C Weil. 

St Paul's United Evangelical, S Canal, near R 
R bridge, Allegheny, Rev C Koerner. 

United Evangelical Protestant, Juniata street, 
near Chartiers, Allegheny, Rev H Weber 

United Evangelical Protestant, Temperanceville, 
Thirty-sixth ward, Rev C A Hermann. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Primitive Methodist, Forty-seventh and Butler 
streets. 

First Wesleyan Methodist, Wylie avenue, near 
Tunnel street. 

Jewish Synagogue, Eighth street, between Penn 
and Duquesne Way, Dr L Mayer. 

Jewish Synagogue, Fourth and Ross streets. 
Rev H Bernstein. 

Jewish Synagogue, Third and Grant. 

Jewish Synagogue, Wyiie, near Fulton. 

Church of God, 35 Townsend street. Rev 
Sherman Yahn. 

New Jerusalem, Sandusky and Isabelle streets, 
AUeghey, Rev John Whitehead. 

Re-organized Church of Latter Day Saints, Hall, 
67 Fourth avenue. 

Austrian-Hungarian Congregation, 104 Grant 
street. 

Gospel Temperance Tabernacle, 54 Wylie ave- 
nue. 

Swedish Church, Plumer street, between Forty- 
fifth and Forty-sixth streets. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



CHESS, COOK & CO. 

ii6 Water Street, ■ Pittsburgh, Pa, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



STEEL NAILS, TASKS, &c. 



AND (under style OF) 



Central Expanded Metal Co. 

Steel Plastering Lath 

^FENCINGt>o 

Netting, Window Guardj:^, Szo. 

A Substitute for Wire that is 

nSTeater^ Strong^er^ ClzLeaper. 
This Cut i'C"^"^^ii^'^~"\ii^ Represents 

PIEIE. 




ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



lEBICim in m STEEL WOUKS. 

Jones & Laughlins, Limited, 

PITXSBUROH, PA. 



-JMAKERS OF 



IRON AND STEEL 

Of Excellent Quality and Finish. 

FLATS, .... f^ x%\ I2X i>^ Inch 

ROUNDS, . ;;., to 6 Inch. | SQUARES, >^ to 4 Inch. 

Hoops, Bands, Plates, Sheet, Ovals, Half Ovals and 
Half Rounds. 

I Beams, . 3 to 15 Inch. Angles, )^ x ^to 6x6 Inch. 
Channels, Vg to 15 Inch. Tees, i x i to 4 x 5 Inch. 

LIQHT T RAILS, 

8, 12, 16, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 lbs. per yard. Fish Joints 
for all weights of Ralls, and 

STEEL STREET RAILS, 

26, 321^, 40 and 47 lbs. per yard. 

PATENT COLD ROLLED STEEL and IRON SHAFTING 

\ Inch to 4A Inches Diameter. 

COUPLINGS, PULLEYS, HANGERS, 

Mule Pulley Stands, Binder Frames, Guide Pulleys, 
Jib Cranes, &c. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL 



SE»ECIAIL.TIKS : 
BLAST FURNACE COKE, FOUNDRY COKE, 



FURNACE COKE, 




a. 



CD 

oc 

3 
GQ 
CO 



6> 
O 

o 



Gl 

o 
o 

o 
o 



o 
a: 



4,104 OVENS. DAILY PRODUCTION, 500 CARS-8,000 TONS. 



Direct Connection with ALL Railroads Entering Connellsville Region. 

Descriptive Pamphlets, Quotations, Freight Rates, Ktc, furnished on application. 



Our Leadino 



Merchants and Manufacturers 



AND THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF 



Prominent Business Enterprises, 



PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE. 



Pittsburgh, Pa.: 

SNOWDEN & PETERSON, PUBLISHERS, 8o DIAMOND STREET, 
1888. 



alIjEgheny county centennial. 



OUR LEADING 



Merchants and Manufacturers, 



i 



^^1 



LOGAN, GREGG & CO. 

The firm of Logan, Gregg & Co. was established by John T. Logan 
and Robert T. Kennedy in 1831, under the style of Logan & Kennedj'. 
Mr. Logan came to Pittsburgh in 1829, in his 21st year, having just 
completed his apprenticeship to the hardware business with George 
Mayer, in Lancaster, Pa. After two years work as salesman with a Mr. 
Hoag, Mr. Logan induced his cousin,* Robert T. Kennedy, to join him 
in the hardware business on their own account. 

Both were energetic and industrious and succeeded from the start. 
They continued together until 1848. In that year Edward Gregg, the 
present senior partner, and Philip Wilson, since deceased, were admit- 
ted, under the style of Logan, Wilson & Co. 

Mr. Edward Gregg's connection with the house dates from 1836, 
when he came in as a boy and worked his way up to a partnership. 
Mr. Geo. B. Logan and Thos. A. Parke, the present active partners, 
date their connection with the house from 1862, being received as boys 
and working up through all the grades. 

The firm has shared the growth of the city during the last 57 years 
and is now doing a larger business than at any time in its history. 
They enlarged their store room to double its former capacity January 1, 
1887, and are fitted for doing a very large business. They have added a 
specialty in supplies and equipments for coal and coke works, under 
charge ofij. N. Shallenberger, long connected with this line of business. 
Mine owners and superintendents can find a full line to supply their 
wants at most favorable market prices. They give special attention to 
merchants' orders, received either through travelers or by mail and all 
business is under the personal care of members of the firm. 

Mill and machine shop tools and supplies is another department to 
which special attention is given. All the best makes of tools are kept 
in large variety and prompt attention given to orders. 

This house celebrated its semi-centennial in 1881 and have a custom, 
established from the beginning, of an annual supper given after "stock 
taking" at the end of the year. 

The record of the house stands as follows: Logan & Kennedy, 1831 
to 1848, Logan, Wilson & Co., 1848 to 1857, Logan & Gregg, 1857 to 
1867, Logan, Gregg & Co., 1867 to 1888. John T. Logan died 1871, 
Robert T. Kennedy died 1875, Philip Wilson died 1877. Edward Gregg 
is the present senior partner and George B. Logan and Thomas B. 
Parke the i^resent active partners. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ESTABLI SH ED^83 



LOGAN, GREGG & CO. 

306 & 308 Wood Street, 

jaiilwaic ait! Colleig. 



ISI»ECTA^LTIES : 



Barbed Fence Wire, 

Plain Fence Wire, 

Wir^ Or\r\^ (Agents for Washburn & Moen 
irt; nupu, \ Mfg. Co.'s Make. 

OUFITTING f^" SUPPLIES 

FOR, 

Coal and Coke Mines, T Rail Cars, 

Ferries, Scales, Tools, &c. 



MILL, MACHINE SHOP AND TRADESMEN'S TOOLS, 

Kearney &. Foot Co.'s Files and Rasps, 

Morse and Standard Twist Drills, 

Best Oak Tanned Leather Belting, 

Jackson Mfg. Co.'s Steel Barrows. 

CAREFUL PERSONAL ATTENTION TO ALL MAIL ORDERS. 





ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL 



The Pittsl)iirgli Clearing House. 



JOHN HARPER, President. 
JOHN M. CHAPLIN, Manager. 



Exchanges. Balances. 

1860.—$ 83,731,242.17 $20,850,179.68 

1867.— 97,157,556.03 21,029,633.34 

1868.— 115,296,621.33 23,558,130.74 

1869.— 156,880,910.90 29,832,017.41 

1870.— 178,409,905.51 31,067,296.99 

1871.— 215,201,413.59 34,344,435.19 

1872.— 284,859,477.08 42,494,596.94 

1873.— 295,754,858.83 41,605,069.84 

1874.— 257,548,600.75 39,774,303.85 

1875.— 233,160,448.36 41,168,203.05 

1876.— 224,758,910.43 44,617,207.14 

1877.— 223,569,252.09 42,772,655.16 

1878.— 189,771,695.27 37,128,770.30 

1879.— 217.982,649.43 44,009,316.73 

1880.— 297,804,747.21 62,214,180.37 

1881.— 389,170,379.10 78,578,625.87 

1882.— 483,519,704.53 84,352,505.66 

1883.— 497,653,962.43 91,807,082.38 

1884.— 469,316,009.68 96,345,356.88 

1885.— 356,171,592.53 73,717,695.74 

1886.— 409,155,367.10 74,753,005.24 

1887.— 511,010,701,38 83,685,375.25 

1888.— 578,082,588.20 (estimated.) 98,487,098.32 

Total Exchanges $6,765,968,593.93 

Total Balances 1,238,192,742.07 

Total Business $8,004,161,336.00 



There are nineteen Banks in the Association. 
There are thirty-three National Banks in Allegheny' Countj\ 
There are foity-eiglit Banks and Bankers not members of the 
Clearing House Association. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE BANK OF PITTSBURGH. 

The Bank of Pittsburgh, John Harper, Esq., President ; William 
Roseburg, Esq., Cashier, and Jno. A. Harper, Assistant Cashier; No. 
72 Fourth Avenue. — Tlie liistory of the development of Pittsburgh as a 
great nietropohs and industrial centre has no more interesting chapter 
than that descriptive of the rise and progress of her financial and bank- 
ing interests. The great central feature of the early financial history of 
this city is the old-established and honored Bank of Pittsburgh. After 
seventy-five years of existence this powerful corporation stands to-day 
more vigorous than ever — the exponent of the results attending the 
honorable observance of the great cardinal laws of banking and fina^ice, 
and an illustration of the perennial youth and vigor of rectitude and 
integrity. The Bank of Pittsburgh was the outcome of the legitimate 
wants of the first merchants of this city for banking facilities, and for 
the accurate facts (now given) as to its inception we are indebted to the 
speech of John Harper, Esq., the president, delivered upon that mem- 
oraole anniversary in 1882, when he had completed fifty years of con- 
tinuous service in this institution. As he aptly remarked: "1 am a 
link between the past and present, obtaining my information of its past 
events from contemporaries, and being a participant in the occurrences 
of its history for the last fifty years." The Bank of Pittsburgh had its 
inception in 1810, at a critical period indeed in American history, and 
when the manufacturers of this city (then in embryo) felt the need of 
a bank to afford theni financial facilities. An organization was formed, 
with William Wilkins as president, which endeavored to secure a char- 
ter from the legislature, but unsuccessfully at first. As an alternative, 
those interested determined to unite and jointly carry on the business of 
banking, and to do so formed themselves into a corporate association 
known as "The Pittsburgh Manufacturing Company." This associa- 
tion began in business in 1812, at a time when the war with Great 
Britain cast a shadow of gloom and uncertainty over everything. 
Nothing daunted, the company began operations and was eminently 
successful, being of immense benefit to the business men of this frontier 
town and community. Besides the function of banking, it did a little 
in insurance, issuing its first policy on July 28, 1812, to proteci a new 
mansion erected by William Wilkins, on the present site of the Monon- 
gahela House. At last, in 1814, the legislature granted the desired 
charter for the Bank of Pittsburgh, and it was duly organized by the 
election of the following board of directors and officers, the majority 
having held similar positions in the previous company. The names, 
and it is an honored roll, areas follows: president, Mr. William Wilkins; 
cashier, Mr. Alexander Johnson, Jr.; directors, Messrs. George Anshutz, 
Thomas Cromwell, Nicholas Cunningham, John Darragh, William 
Hays, William McCandless, James Morrison, John M. Snowden, Craig 
Ritchie, George Allison, James Brown and J. P. Skelton. The Manu- 
facturing Company's books and assests we:e duly transferred to the 
bank, forming the nucleus of its capital and its business, and it began 
operations under the most favorable auspices. The capital was nomi- 
nally $600,000, but owing to the scarcity of money during the war and 
from the subsequent financial stringency, the whole of the capital was 
not called in till 1834. An important event as regarded the future of 
this noble institution occurred on September 19, 1832, when Mr. Harper 
entered its service, then lacking three months of being of age. The 
cashier, Mr. .Johnston, died that year, and Mr. John Snyder was elected 
to the responsible post, being ably assisted in the discharge of its duties 
by Mr. Harper. Mr. Snyder was, as had been his predecessor, a man 
of unblemished character and ability, and under his guidance and 
advice Mr. Harper was indebted for his education in finance. During 
the "three score and ten years" of the bank's existence Mr. Harper 
was preceeded by but the two cashiers above named, and by five pit.-i- 
dents, to wit : WilliamWilkins, John Darragh, John McDonald, William 



6 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL 



H. Denny and John Graham, and it is a memorable fact that not one 
bank officer or director who was in the bank when he eiitered office is 
alive to-day. In 1834 the capital stock was increased to $1,200,000, trade 
revived, and the present building of missive masonry was erected, and 
though damaged by the great fire of 1845, which swept away over 1000 
houses, it is to-day the most convenient building of the kind in the city, 
and a veritable landmark. The bank successfully passed through all 
the financial crises of 1837, 1839, 1857, 1861 and 1873, always paying its 
liabilities in gold and silver. The bank has never failed to pay a semi- 
annual dividend during its three quarters of a century of existence, and 
its stock has ever been in request among the widowd, .the trustees of 
estates, and the guardians of the orphan and the friendless. Two-thirds 
of its capital stock is held by women, widows, orphans and estates, and 
as President Harper feelingly remarked in 1882, "it is our duty to con- 
sider ourselves as trustees of a beneficiary fund of the most sacred char- 
acter. Those we represent have confided in our integrity, and it is our 
duty to administer the trust with fidelity, doing all that our judgment 
and conscience may prompt in the performance of the obligations which 
we have assumed." These ringing words best characterize th3 policy 
rigidly adhered to by the executive officers of this noble fiscal institu- 
tion. The bank has influential correspondents in nil the great mone- 
tary centres. Its surplus fund, June 26, 1888, amounted to $399,422.45, 
and its capital stock. May 1, 1888, amounted to $1,163,650.00. The Board 
of Directors is as follows : John Harper, Reuben Miller, Robert M. 
Tindle, William A. Caldwell, Felix R. Brunot, William Thaw, Jr., 
David Macferron, Daniel Agnew, Andrew D. Smith, John Porterfleld, 
all of which are names of representative wealthy cilizens, who to the 
fullest extent endorse and support the time-honored policy of the bank 
as enunciated by President Harper. Mr. William Roseburg, the re- 
spected cashier, was born in Pittsburgh, and has been actively con- 
nected with the bank since 1846. He is a recognized leading authority 
upon all questions of finance, and is a vigorous exponent of these sound 
conservative principles which alone secure permanent enduring success 
and equal justice to all, both customers and stockholders. Mr. Rose- 
burg is deservedly popular in this community, and has thrown his 
influence in favor of all measures calculated to advance the city's wel- 
fare. He is a gentleman of marked business ability, and is noted for 
his strictly methodical business habits. It would not be necessary to 
make additional reference in this connection to President Harper, 
beyond adding that, though the oldest bank president, having been also 
president of the Clearing House Association since its organization, he 
possesses the energy of many men of half his years, and is disting- 
uished in national financial circles for his thorough knowledge of the 
principles of banking, while his mora worth and sterling honor is 
most forcibly exemplified in a public career of usefulness in this city, 
extending hack for fifty-five years, forming a more imperishable monu- 
ment than any reared by the hand of man ; a priceless heritage for him 
and all who have in association with him placed the Bank of Pittsburgh 
upon its ] resent impregnable basis of honorable success. 



WEYMAN & BROTHER. 

The firm of Weyman & Brother, Pittsburgh, manufacturers of 
smoking tobacco and black snuff", are well known to the trade through- 
out the country and their goods are in large demand as far West as 
Denver and San Francisco. This firm was established in 1827, and 
their history has been one of steady growth and popularity until they 
now occupy the immense building shown among our illustrations. This 
building is six full stories in height and covers a ground surface of 110 
by 150 feet. It is strongly built, especially adapted to their wants, and 
is occupied from basement to attic for the manufacture and stora e of 
their constantly large products. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

NSURANCE OF TITLES. 



EXECUTION OF TRUSTS. 



ideliii] title and trust lo. 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 

CHARTER PERPETUAL. 



CAPITAL, $500,000. 





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131 and 133 FOUHTH AVEIVXJE. 

TEMPORARY OFFICES: 

No. 100 DIAMOND STREET, PITTSBURGH, 



PA. 



Acts as Executor, Administrator, Guardian, Receiver, and in all Fidu- 
ciary capacities. Registrar of Stocks and Loans, and as Mort- 
gage Trustee for Railroad and other Corporation Bonds. 

Large and Commodious Safe Deposit Vault, 

With separate parlors and coupon rooms for ladies and gentlemen. 



8 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

WILL H. WATSON. 

One of the most active, enterprising and successful of Pittsburgh's 
leading merchant tailors is Mr. Will H. Watson, whose handsome 
store is located at No. 18 Sixth street. He has been established since 
1873, and by strict attention to customers' wishes, artistic work and 
honorable dealing he has built up a large and permanent trade among 
the best class of citizens. The premises occupied at the above address 
are spacious and commodious, admirably arranged and fitted up in the 
neatest and most attractive manner. A large and well selected stock is 
carried, embracing a full assortment of the finest imported and domes- 
tic fabrics, in all the latest and most fashionable shades and patterns. 
Mr. Watson employs only the best and most experienced hands, and 
all work is executed under his immediate personal supervision. The 
garments turned out are unrivaled for beauty and originality of design, 
superiority of fit, finish and workmanship. Among his customers are 
many of our leading mercantile and professional men. The growth 
and prosperity of this business is only commensurate with the energy 
and enterprise displayed in its management, and there can be no better 
evidence of the superior quality and artistic elegance of Mr. Watson's 
work than is shown by the large and influential patronage he enjoys. 
Personally, he is a genial, courteous and clear-headed young business 
man, honorable, liberal and fair in all transactions, and well deserving 
of the success he is achieving. 



DILWORTH BROTHERS. 

The name of Dilworth Brothers has been associated with the whole- 
sale grocery trade, as well as the iron trade of Pittsburgh, ever since 
these lines became prominent in the business of the city. 

Established away back in the sixties, under the name of Dilworth, 
Harper & Co., this firm immediately took rank among the foremost 
houses in the trade, doing a business in its first year largely in excess of 
expectation. Year after year its trade grew and broadened until the 
warehouse on Liberty street, although "greatly enlarged, became toe 
narrow for its accommodation, and the firm, inlSHl, purchased the ex- 
tensive building, corner Penn avenue and Tenth street, which it now 
occupies. This building, although one of the largest in the city, soon 
proved too small to contain its ample stock of groceries and afford room 
for its growing business in roasted coffee, and the firm, therefore, 
erected another large building in the rear of its warehouse, which is de- 
voted exclusively to the storing and roasting of coffee, and is the most 
complete establishment of its kind in the country, having track con- 
nections with the Pennsylvania railroad and all western lines of the 
Pennsylvania Company. From its portals Dilworth's Coflfee finds its 
way to nearly every corner of the United States, carrying with it, in 
the name, a guarantee of sterling quality, which is everywhere undis- 
puted. This eminence in trade, at home and abroad, has been reached 
without any resort to the cheap- John clap-trap methods so often used 
to promote business. Honest effort, fair dealing, truthful advertising, 
thorough organization and progressive ideas have been the chief factors 
in the successful career of this house. Its employes in every depart- 
ment Iiold their ]>laces on account of peculiar fitness for them. Its 
salesmen a; e known to the dealers they visit as most capable and relia- 
ble gentlemen, who worthily represent the house by devotion to fair 
and honorable business methods. 

Regarding the present volume of their business the members of the 
firm inodeslly decline to speak, but the business returns furnished to 
the press by the City Assessors' office shows that in the centennial year 
of Pittsl)urgh's history the business of Dilworth Brothers is not ex- 
ceeded by any other house in the grocery trade. 



I 



E. M. FERGUSON, Prest. GEO. A. KELLY, Vice Prest. W. A. SHAW, Cashier. 

piercWs wi P\M\wi Katiotal Bam 

No. 61 FOURTH AVENUE, PITTSBURGH. 
CAPITAL, . . $8oo,ooo."T SURPLUS, . . $85,000. 



E. M. FERGUSON, 
GEO. A. KELLY, 
HENRY LLOYD, 
H. SELLERS McKEE, 
JNO E. HURFORD, 
R. P. WALLACE, 
JOHN CALDWELL, 
JAMES A. CHAMBERS, 
THOS. D. MESSLER, . 



DIRECTORS. ^^ ^ ^ p^.^^ Coke Co. 

■ . ■ ot Geo. A. Kelly & Co., Wholesale Drugs. 

of Linden Steel Co., Limited, 

of McKee & Bros. , Glass Mfs. 

of Penn'a Salt Mfg Co. 

■ • ■ of R P. Wallace ■& Co, Wholesale Glass ware. 

of Westinghouse Air Brake Co. 

of A. & D. H. Chambers, Glass Mfs. 

' . " . Third Vice-Prest. and Comptroller of Penna. Co. 



Accounts of Merchants, Banks, and.Others Solicited. 
Issue Letters of Credit for Travelers, available in all the Principal Cities of the 

World. 



10 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



H. K. PORTER & CO. 

In 1866 the firm of Smith & Porter began the manufacture of small 
locomotives and had built -about fifty locomotives when their works on 
Bingham street, South Side, were destroyed by fire, in 1871. The firm 
of Porter, Bell & Co. then succeeded to the business and built new works 
at the present location, between Forty-ninth and Fiftieth streets, on the 
Allegheny Valley R. R. The first few locomotives were built before 
the roof was on the new shops. In 1878 Mr. Bell died, and the firm 
name became H. K. Porter & Co. The shops have been enlarged sev- 
eral times and are now very completely equipped and fitted with special 
tools and machinery. The capacity is 125 locomotives annually. 
These light locomotives range in size from five inches to fourteen inches 
diameter of cylinders and in weight from three to thirty tons and are 
built to all gauges of track. The narrowest gauge of track up to the 
present time is twenty inches and the widest gauge is six feet. Many 
designs are made, suitable for railroad contractors' tramways, steel 
mills, blast furnaces, logging railroads, coal and ore mines, plantations, 
shifting, and also for light freight and passenger work and for street 
railways and dummy motor lines. H. K. Porter & Co.'s locomotives 
haul away every year the logs from about 400 square miles of territory. 
They also handle something like three million tons of material yearly 
at blast furnaces and iron and steel mills, and probably get out about as 
many tons of coal at coal mines. The locomotives built by the firm are 
at work in almost every State and Territory of the United States. 
They haul coal in Japan, sugar cane in Cuba, Porto Rico, San Domingo 
and the Sandwich Islands, hemp in Yucatan, coffee and other freight 
and also passengers in many places in the United States of Columbia, 
silver ore in Mexico, phosphate and agricultural products in Venezuela, 
dirt along the Panama Canal and salt and custom house goods in 
Ecuador. 

The motors made by H. K. Porter & Co. for street and suburban 
railways are noiseless and smokeless and look almost exactly like horse 
cars, and are far less expensive than the cable and electric systems and 
free from the defects and dangers of cable and electric roads. 

All these light locomotives and motors are built to a duplicate sys- 
tem by which the same parts of engines of the same class are exactly 
alike. These duplicate parts are made in quantity ahead of orders on 
stock, so that when an order is received for a locomotive the pieces re- 
quired are taken from the racks to the erecting fioor, and I he quality of 
the work is uniform. It has often happened that locomotives have 
been under construction at the same time for widely separated destina- 
tions. Recently locomotives were shipped on the same day for Maine 
and Washington Territory, and a day or two before for Florida and a 
few days after for Lower California. 

H. K. Porter & Co. have published a little work entitled "Light Lo- 
comotives," which has run through five editions, with the sixth edition 
in preparation. This book contains, in addition to a catalogue of about 
fifty pages, about forty pages of working reports, and also a great deal 
of useful information not found elsewhere, and will be mailed free on 
application. 

L. H. HARRIS DRUG CO. 

In describing this house we cannot do better than appropriate the 
following, which appeared in the New York OrapMc, of May 29th: 

L. H. Harris Drug Co. — A prominent house in Western Pennsyl- 
vania is that of the L. H. Harris Drug Co., whose premises are situated 
at 913 and 915 Liberty street, and consists of a substantial structure, 
compiising a basement and four floors. The laboratory is under the 
care of a most competent chemist, with a corps of assistants. Here are 
produced the various pharamceutical preparations, tinctures, fluid ex- 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



11 



pitt^burigh M\ W paving? 

CHARTERED 1862. 

No 60 FOURTH AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ASSETS, JULY 1, 1888, 
CAPITAL STOCK PAID IN, 
SURPLUS F-UND, 
UNDIVIDED PROFITS, . 



Blanks for opening accounts and depositing without coming to the Bank 
furnished on application. 



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C. SCHMERTZ, Vice Prests. 
L. M. PLUMER, Solicitor. 
WM. JONES, Ass't Teller. 



OFFICERS. 

GEO. A. BERRY, Prest. ALEX. BRADLEY and R. 

CHAS. G. MILNOR, Sec'y and Treas. 
DWID W. JONES, Teller and Book-keeper. 

BOARD OF ]NJ:ANAG^ER,S. 

GEO. A. BERRY, ALEX. BRADLEY, R. C. SCHMERTZ. JAS. L. GRAHAM, 

H. C. BUGHMAN. CHAS. F. WELLS, JAS. LAUGHLIN, Jr. J. K. DORRINGTON, 

T. C. LAZEAR, FRANK RAHM, JACOB PAINTER, Jr. C. G. MILNOR, 

GEO. A. KELLY, L. M. PLUMER. JOHN SCOTT. 



12 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



tracts, etc., the firm having in this line obtained an enviable reputation. 
Here also are manufactured Dr. Harris' (Vamp Cure, and also his Sum- 
mer Cordial, which are household words in Pennsylvania. The trade is 
growing to such proportions that the present premises, spacious as they 
are, with additional warehouse facilities, are wholly inadequate, and 
accommodations twice as extensive will soon be required to carry on 
the business as the firm desire. In patent medicines the fii'm carry a 
large stock of all those for which there is the slightest demand. In 
paints, oils, glass and varnishes, the stock is equally complete. The 
wines and liquors are warranted to be of the very finest qualities, none 
being sold to others than dealers in medicine. No firm is better or 
more favorably known throughout the territory covered. In connec- 
tion with the business of this firm one fact has been conspicuous 
throughout the whole of its career. While its trade has steadily ex- 
panded and its prosperity has been continuous and sure, no attempt 
has been made to make a dazzling or superficial show, or to resort to or 
permit on its behalf any exaggeration or distortion of facts. The un- 
solicited orders amount to fully seventy-five per cent, of the business, 
which shows the substantial footing of the firm. 



THE SAFE DEPOSIT COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH. 

The Safe Deposit Cojmpany, 83 Fourth Ave.— This institution 
was incorporated January 24, 1867, for the safe keeping of valuables and 
as a general fiduciary agent. In the construction of its building the 
greatest care was taken to make it fire-proof and perfect in all its ap- 
pointments. The main vault on its first floor, constructed of alternate 
plates of steel and iron, is one of the largest, strongest and most secure 
that has ever been built. The building is guarded day and night, and 
every care is taken to afford absolute security from fire and iDurglars. 
Persons holding valuables and securities of any kind cannot afford to 
run any risk when they can get entire protection in the vaults of this 
Company. 

The leading feature of this company is, however, its fiduciary busi- 
ness. It acts as receiver, assignee, executor, administrator, trustee, 
agent, guardian or committee of persons or estates; also as agent for 
States or corporations, and will invest or manage the funds thereof, or 
any sinking fund. 

The advantages of an impersonal administration of an estate or 
trust are generally admitted and the management of such estates and 
trusts by a corporation circumstanced like The Safe Deposit Company 
of Pittsburgh meets a common want. In the case of a personal admin- 
istration there is often great difficulty experienced in getting a proper 
party to act, and then there is the contingency of death or incapacity 
incident to sickness. The obvious remedy for all these possibilities is to 
be found in an impersonal administration by an institution like this 
company, expressly devoted to such business, having an ample capital 
(1500,000), a perpetual charter and a facility in management derived 
from an experience of more than twenty years, and having its entire 
business free from all speculative transactions. 



SPEER WHITE SAND COMPANY. 

Travelers over the Pennsylvania llaih'oad may observe, about nine 
miles east of Huntingdon, near Mapleton I)epot,'lying in a north-east- 
erly direction from the railroad, a ridge of grayish white, wenther-beaten 
rocks, varying in height from 100 to HOO feet or more, and extending for 
considerably more than a mile in lengtli. They rise precipitously from 
the very edge of the old Pennsylvania canal, which again follows closely 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 13 

DOLLAR SAVINGS BANK 

124 KoLirthi Aventae. 

CHARTERED IN 1855. 



Open daily (except Sundays and Legal Holidays) from 9 to 3 o'clock, and on Saturdays from 
9 o'clock A. M. to 6 o'clock p. M. 

Deposits received in all sums from $1 to ^1,000 and dividend of the profits declared twice a year, 
in June and December. Interest has been declared semi-annually, in June and December, since 
t he Bank was organized. 

Interest, if not drawn out, is placed to the credit of the depositors as principal, and bears the 
same interest from the first days of June and December; all depositors who have not made a deposit 
within two years and whose dividends amount to at least five dollars, which have not been entered 
on their books, published annually in accordance with the charter. 

Books containing the Charter, By-Laws, Rules and Regulations furnished gratis on application 
at the office. 

OFFICERS. 

President— JAMES HKRDMAN, 30 Arch Street, Allegheny. 

Treasurer— JAMES B. D. MEEDS, Verona Borough. 

Secretary— J. WALKER FLENNIKEN, 264 Western Avenue Allegheny. 

LAWRENCE BANK, 

r*eiiii and Bixtler Htreets, 

Organized, 1866. Capital, $80,000. Surplus, $45,000. 

UNDIVIDED PROFITS, $1 0,294.33. RATE LAST DIVIDEND, 3 PER CENT. SEMI-ANNUAL. 



W. W. YOUNG, President. SAM'L McMAHON, Vice-Prest. JOHN HOERR, Cashier, 

I3IPlECTOR,S. 

W. W. Young, Sam'l McMahon, A. H. Ahalborn, Jno. C. Kirkpatrick, 

Wm. Flaccus, Geo, McKee, Thos. B. Stewart, James B. Young, 

John Hoerr. 
Discounts Daily. New York Correspondent, First Nat. Bank. Telephone, 1026-4. 



FIFTH AVENUE. NEAR HILAND AVENUE. 



M:ISS HET_.EN E. PELLETREAU, - F^iinclpal. 



Situated in a Beautiful Park, on a Commanding Plateau, in the East End of the 
City of Pittsburgh, three and one-half miles from Court House. 

The College is reached by Fifth Avenue Street Railway, or the Pennsylvania R. R. from 
near the East Liberty Depot, of which the street cars run past the College grounds. 



For Catalogues, address Principal of College. 



14 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



at this place the course of the Juniata river, so that there is only room 
for the railroad siding in some places between the foot of the cliffs and 
the canal, while at other parts there is a little level space between. 
These rocks are almost entirely bare of earth or other matter, either on 
the sides or top, except where a little vegetable mould has insinuated 
itself in the numerous crevices and interstices, m which grow numerous 
stunted trees and shrubs, which cover the lace of the mountain with 
verdure at this season. These cliffs form part of what is locally known 
as Rocky Ridge, which is mainly composed of sand rock and limestone, 
the latter of which underlies the former and crops to the surface at 
either end of the ridge. The entire length of this range, or at least the 
part of it in which the sand rock is on top, is exclusively controlled by 
the Speer White Sand Co., of Pittsburgh, who are now operating sand 
works there on a large scale. 

The Speer White Sand Co. have two washing and drying establish- 
ments at their Mapleton sand quarries. The o^e nearest to the village 
was established two years ago and has been steadily in operation. It is 
known as the Juniata Sand Works. It is located on a narrow strip of 
land between the base of the mountain and the canal, there being just 




JUNIATA WORKS. 

room enough for the buildings and the railroad siding, (which runs all 
along here and connects with the main line of the Pennsylvania rail- 
road), between the face of the rocks and the canal. The buildings are 
380 feet long and as wide as the peculiar conformation of the ground 
allows. They are well and solidly built and arranged conveniently for 
their intended use. 

The Company are operating the quarry at present with what is 
known as a " running " face, that is from the surface, and with no un- 
dermining, and as rocks tumble down many of them are crushed up 
fine by the concussion. 

Fifty years ago, Mr. L. M. Speer, father of Mr. Noah Q. Speer, 
senior member of the Speer White Sand Co., originated the business of 
mining and preparing glass sa.:5d in a regular and methodical manner, 
at Bellevernon, Fayette Co., this state. Previous to this time glass sand 
was got from a number of places and in a desultory manner, and then, 
and for many years after, it was prepared and washed bj'^ hand in a 
very imperfect 'manner. The Messrs. Speer were the first who origi- 
nated the plan of washing sand by machinery. Mr. N. Q. Speer was 
the originator of the screw method of conveying the sand in the wash- 
ing boxes and was also the inventor of many other useful devices used 
in washing and preparing sand, of which crude imitations have been 
and are in use elsewhere. In fact this gentleman took the business in 
its infancy and brought it up. and to him more than any other man is 
due the present abundance, cheapness and accessibility of glass sand. 










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PR.R. 



£int)ife Works 

juTiidib. Works 

Coni/tlbville Works. B. 8c 0. R. R. 

P€ni79.Vork5, P. McK.&T. R.R. 

Qfy Offia, 604 and 605 K^.IT|llfor^ "Building, @#-# 



16 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Formerly it took two men a whole day to wash five tons of sand and 
that after a poor fashion, now, with the machinery devised, the same 
number of men can attend to the washing and grinding of 100 tons a 
day. The business of this firm has increased from 400 tons a year 
to 40,000 tons, last years' output, and with their present increased facil- 
ities,' this year's product will be largely in excess of the last. 

The other new works of the Company, known as the Empire Sand 
Works, are about a mile away from the Juniata works and are upon the 
same railroad siding. They have put up new buildings and machinery, 
identical in plan and operation with those at the other works and with 
an equally large producing capacity. In clearing away the brush and 
debris from the face of the rock here, a cave was discovered in it low 
down, near the ground, which seems to have been at some time or 
other a water course. The firm intend to open and extend this natural 
cavity, so as to get rock from it in the winter season. Sand rock freezes 
hard in winter, when exposed to the weather, in consequence of its por- 
osity and the water that enters it, and cannot be worked while in that 
condition, though otherwise the mills couli be kept sufficiently warm 
to keep up operations. The benefit of having an underground mine is 
that the rock there will not get frozen and work can be continued all 
the year round. At the Empire mill they have built a large elevator 
somewhat like a grain elevator, to take up the sand and load it on the 
cars. The rock at this end is of excellent quality, and they get a No. 
1 sand from it all through, fit for tableware and the finer kinds of 
glass. They have a large drier here to dry all the product. 



PENNSYLVANIA MANUFACTURING, MINING AND SUPPLY CO. 

The Pennsylvania Manufacturing, Mining and Supply Company, 
Pittsburgh, Pa., manufacturers and dealers in Connellsvillecoke, sewer 
pipe and terra cotta ware, mill and paving fire brick, selected calcined 
plaster, white lime, white sand and builders' materials generally; head- 
quarters for best quality of goods in their line; manufacturing some 
thirty car loads daily. The trade can readily see the advantage of plac- 
ing their orders with a house so situated that they can guarantee 
ample protection. This company was organized and chartered July 1, 
1885, for the purpose of manufacturing and selling merchandise. 
Shortly after its organization they bought the sewer pipe works of Car- 
lisle, Connelly & Co. at Toronto, O., and the coke works of Laing & 
Davison, at Dunbar, Pa. They also built two large fire brick works, 
one at Freedom, Pa., and the other at Cochrans, Pa., placing them at 
once among the list of manufacturers, as well as large dealers in cement, 
plaster and builders' materials. By close application to business they 
now stand at the head of the business in this line in Pittsburgh. They 
manufacture a fire brick for street paving which is unsurpassed, being 
thoroughly vitrified. They withstand the action of the weather and 
are superior to any other iri the market. They have several large con- 
tracts in Pittsburgh, McKeesport, Pa., Fremont, O., and several other 
places, their brick having taken precedence on account of their superior 
quality. They keep a full assortment of the best brands of imported 
and American cement, having control in this market of the Giant 
Portland, improved and Valley Rosen dales and Union brands, which 
are the best in use. They are now filling several large orders, amount- 
ing to over fifty thousand barrels. These cements are used extensively 
for street paving purposes in all the large cities; also on the railroads, 
with excellent results. They arre agents for the celebrated Wigton flre 
brick, made especially for street and rolling mill furnaces, and are equal 
to any brick in the market, where resistance to great heat is required. 
For anything in their line the trade will be best served by patronizing 
them. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



PeiiD'a Wl PliUlHQ and Supply Go. 



-MANUFACTURERS OF- 



Sewer Pipe and Terra Cotta, 

FIRE BRICK AND CLAY. 



-AND- 



^^CONNBLLSVILLE COKE3^ 



ALSO, DEALERS IN 



IMPORTED AND AMERICAN CEMENTS, 

Calcmed Plaster, White Lime, White Sar.d, Plaster- 
ers Hair, Granite Roofing, Roofing Supplies, 
Asbestos Ceme7it, Boiler and Steam 
Pipe Coverijig. Also, 

GENERAL AGENTS FOR R.B.WIGTON & SON'S 

Steel, Crown and R. M. Fire Brick. 

1004, 1006 & 1008 PENN AVE, 



SEWER PIPE WORKS, • BRICK WORKS, 

TORONTO, OHIO. LAYTONS & FREEDOM, PA. 

COKE WORKS, DUNBAR, PA. 



18 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



I. R. HUTCHINSON. 

J. R. Hutchinson, corner Park Way and Sandusky Street, Alle- 
gheny, Pa. — Tlie building of engines and machinery constitutes a very 
important branch of industry. Although the march of progress has 
effected the most remarkable improvements, it is only within the past 
few years that something akin to perfection has been attained in this 
field of industry. Among the leading men engaged in this business we 
niust mention Mr. J. R. Hutchinson, the sole owner of the above men- 
tioned works. This flourishing enterprise was originally started in 1868 
by Messrs. Armstrong, Hutchinson & Co., which firm in course of time 
was succeeded by tlie present owner. The works are located in the 
most desirable business part of Allegheny, but one square from Federal 
street, and are fully equipped with all the latest improved machinery 
and appliances necessary for the successful prosecution of the business, 
giving constant employment to a large number of men. 

Mr. Hutchinson makes a specialty of his patent stoj^ gates (an illus- 
tration of which can be found on another page) and fire hydrants, wilh 
single and double nozzles. The stop valves are not experimental, but 
have been in use all over the country for the past twenty years, and 
wherever introduced have given perfect satisfaction. They have a 
direct passage of the full size of pipe, and are what is known as a dou- 
ble disk parallel valve or gate. The disks when used for water or steam 
are lined with a composition of brass, the screw, stem and nut are of 
the same composition. The chambers of the different sizes are bored and 
accurately chased out— duplicates of each other, and brass seats screwed in, 
so that in case of accident to a seat from any cause, it may be unscrewed 
and replaced wilh a new one without removing the chamber from the 
line of pipe. The disks are fitted so that they fill the space between 
two parellel rings or seats, and are opened and closed by means of the 
screw stem, caie being taken to see that the disks never raise high 
enough to get off the upper end of seats, and always leave a clear water 
passage the full size of pipe. The disks, therefore, being never entirely 
ofi' the seats, will shear any sediment or other matter oft' the faces of 
disks and seats, as it opens and closes. The disks are closed tight to 
seats, by means of inclines on the back of disks or valves; these inclines 
in closing come in contact with a pin or wedge that is fast in the side of 
chamber, thus closing the valve. The quality of material used in the 
construction of the valves is of the very best, and particular care and 
attention is paid to the workmanship. All valves are guaranteed to 
stand a pressure of 300 lbs., and all sizes above twenty inches are geared 
and indexed. 

Mr. Hutchinson also makes a specialty of fire hydrants, and his 
product in that direction is everywhere considered safe, sure and relia- 
ble, and that this is so is further more demonstrated by the fact that 
the Water Department is constantly placing large orders with Mr. 
Hutchinson. In the construction of fire hydrants the greatest care has 
been taken to have the water-way ample large, preventing undue fric- 
tion in the passage of the water through the hydrant. The lower 
chamber is spherical in shape and large, allowing the valve to descend 
into the same without decreasing the area of water-way, which causes a 
steady flow of water to the stand pipe of hydrant. On this spherical 
chamber is cast lugs through which bolts are passed, securing the ends 
of holdini^-down bolts, and also forming a hinge-joint to the same. 
The holding-down bolts are made long, reaching slotted lugs cast on 
stand-i)ii)e at or near the level of pavement, making the unscrewing of 
nuts on bolts, to loosen stand-pipe, easy of access. To remove the 
hydrant it is only necessary to loosen nuts, on bolts, and then pulling 
bolts clear of slots the hydrant barrel can be pulled up without disturb- 
ing the pavement, reducing the cost of repairs to a minimum. 

It is such work as this that are the recognized exponents of Alle- 
gheny county's manufacturing enterprise and capacity, and Mr. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



19 



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DR. HARRIS' 

Suminer 

Cordial, 

WARRANTED TO CURE 

DIARRHCEA, 

DYSENTERY, 

Cholera Morbus, &c. 




DR. HARRIS' 

Cramp Cure, 

A Specific for 

CHOLERA, 

And a Speedy Cure for Every 

ACHE and PAIN. 



20 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

Hutchinson well deserves the high name and influential business posi- 
tion he has attained. Those entering into business with him will find 
advantages difficult to obtain elsewhere. He well deserves the sub- 
stantial success he is achieving. 



MORRISON, CASS & CO. 

Morrison, Cass & Co., Paper Makers, No. 128 Second Avenue.— 
Among the various industries of Pittsburgh, there are few that have 
made greater progress or attained such a degree of perfection as the 
manufacture and sale of paper. A representative house in this line and 
one that has always maintained an excellent reputation for the superi- 
ority of its productions is that of Messrs. Morrison, Cass & Co., paper 
makers. No. 128 Second avenue. This business was established in 1865 
by Messrs. Morrison, IJare & Co., and was conducted under that style 
and title till 1875, when Morrison, Bare & Cass succeeded to the man- 
agement. Eventually, on the retirement of Mr. Bare, on January 1st, 
1886, the present firm was organized, the co-partners being Messrs. J. S. 
Morrison, J. K. Cass and J. W. Cooper, all possessing an intimate 
knowledge of the details of the business. Messrs. Morrison, Cass & Co., 
in addition to doing a large general paper business, take the entire pro- 
duction of the Tyrone Mills, owned and operated by Messrs. Morrison 
& Cass. The mills of Messrs. Morrison & Cass consist of a 
splendid series of buildings and cover an area of about six acres. They 
are equipped with all the latest improved machinery and appliances, 
including two 88-inch and one 76-iuch Fourdrinier machine, and pro- 
duce daily about twenty tons of paper. About 200 experienced 
operatives are employed in the works, which are considered among the 
finest and best conducted in this country. The warehouse in Pittsburgh 
is very commodious and comprises a spacious three-story brick building 
30x100 feet in dimensions, admirably arranged for the accommodation 
of the large and valuable stock of paper, which is unsurpassed for 
quality and variety by that of any other contemporary first-class house 
in the trade. The characteristics which regulate the business policy of 
this house are such as to entitle it to every consideration, while the ex- 
tent of its trade has made it a prominent one in Pittsburgh, and the 
inducements offered to customers are of the most favorable character. 
Mr. Morrison is a native of Pennsylvania; Mr. Cass was born in Ohio; 
]Mr. Cooper is also a native of Pennsylvania. They are highly esteemed 
in commercial circles for their executive ability and integrity, and have 
attained a prominence as paper makers accorded only to those whose 
operations are conducted on the enduring principles of equity. Messrs. 
Morrison, Cass & Co. have brought to bear on their enterprise, sound 
judgment, tact and energy, which traits have enabled them to meet the 
demands of trade and draw around them the large patronage they at 
l^resent enjoy. The firm handle largely of other papers made by mills 
in other lines of goods, and aggregate sales amounting to over a million 
pounds per month. 



EMPIRE DRILL CO. 

The Empire Drill Co., of Shortsville, N. Y., who were organized in 
1854, founded their central branch house in this city in 1888. 
Tlie merits of their goods, under the management of their present man- 
ager, H. E. (yole, has grown into the hearts and hands of many patrons 
throughout Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio, and a large trade 
has accrued to them. The Empire Drill has a wide reputation and 
with its increasing trade bids fair to continue to be one of our leading 
con ;erns. Any further information will be cheerfully given by calling 
on or addressing, Empire Drill Co., 144 and 146 Webster street, Alle- 
gheny City, Pa. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 21 



PAPBR. 



^-^*i^-i^5w^-.- 




I80II. GSSS i CO. 



Manufacturers and General Paper Dealers, 

No. 128 SECOND AVENUE, 

Pittsburoh:, Pa. 



PVe manufactiire mid keep in stock everything in the 
line of Paper, 

Nos. [ and 2 Book, News, Manila Writing, 

Nos. 1 and 2 MANILA WRAPPING, 

RnG-iyRnppinG nno HnRDionRe paper, 

Paper for Wrapping Glassware, 

Paper Bags and Straw Wrapping, 

Rope Manila for Express Packages, Carpet and 
Roofing Felts, Tzvines, Etc., Etc. 

■'sl^T'rite for Sa,D:n.ples a^xicL Prices. 



22 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



REINEKE, WILSON & CO. 

Reineke, Wilson & Co., Plumbers, Gas and Steam Fitters, No. 200 
Smithfield street, Pittsburgh. — This firm was established in 1870. 
Henry Reineke, the senior member of the firm, is recognized as one of 
the veterans of the plumbing trade in Pittsburgh. R. S. Wilson at- 
tends to the office duties and financial part of the business, while Wm. 
Holste, a brother-in-law of Mr. Reineke, superintends the shop and 
outside work of the business. This firm stands at the head of the pump 
business in Pittsburgh, they being agents for two of the largest pump 
manufacturers in the world. Their trade extends over Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland and other States. Their increasing 
business made it necessary "for them to open a branch warehouse at No. 
19 Wood street, corner of First avenue. The second floor of this build- 
ing they use as a workshop. With their increased facilities they are 
able to fill their orders promptly, while their location at Pittsburgh 
affords ihem great advantages, being situated in one of the greatest 
manufacturing centers in the world, and as a distributing point has but 
few equals. 



B. F. RYND. 

B. F. Rynd, Manufacturer of and dealer in Lumber, Dressed Lum- 
ber, Building Timber, Shingles, Lath; Office and Yard, No. 200 North 
avenue, Allegheny, Telephone A. 3223. — A < omplete and thorough re- 
view and record of the manufacturing and commercial industries of 
this city must of necessity include the very large establishment of Mr. 
B. F. Rynd, marmfacturer of and dealer in lumber, office and yard No. 
200 North avenue, whose premises are very large and commodious and 
thoroughly equipped with every appliance and convenience for the 
transaction of the heavy and rapidly increasing business. The stock 
is very large and complete, aggregating at times fully one million of 
feet of rough and dressed lumber, building timber, shingles, lath, mak- 
ing a specialty of pine and hemlock varieties. He is also prepared to 
furnish to order at all times full requisitions for bill lumber at the short- 
est notice and at most reasonable prices. All kinds of oak, bridge, car 
and railroad timber shipped to any point upon receipt of order. A force 
of twenty assistants are employed, and his office has telephone connec- 
tions; all orders sent by that means receive personal attention, and no 
delays in delivering of goods is liable to occur. The business was first 
established over a quarter of a century ago, but has been in its present 
location only since 1880. It has always enjoyed a liberal and substan- 
tial patronage from this city and the surrounding country, and possesses 
excellent facilities for shipping to any point desired. Mr. Benjamin F. 
Rynd is a native of Pittsburgh, is full of energy and enterprise, and 
possesses excellent business qualifications. He is highly esteemed in 
social and business circles, and enjoys the confidence of the entire com- 
munity for his probity and strict integrity. Mr. Rynd has served for 
many years in Allegheny City Councils and lately served his district in 
the Legislature, and has held other similar high offices, always dis- 
charging his official duties with the highest credit to himself and sub- 
stantial benefit to his constituents. That he is a man of foresight and 
untiring energy, as also a thorough master of his business, is amply at- 
tested by the large measure of public favor and prosperity he now de- 
servedly enjoys. 



STAR ENCAUSTIC TILE CO., LIMITED. 

Star Encaustic Tile Company, Limited; Office No. 70 Fourth Ave- 
nue, Pittsburgh.— The Star Encaustic Tile Co., limited, which is now 
one of the recognized industries of Pittsburgh, and one in which many 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 23 



Manufacturer and Dealer in 

o<lLUM BBR.t>o 






■.^:!»t^-<^5*^- ^^^^^tf^^rf^F'^^'^^t^ffm^^^^m^^B. •.-^:»i^'^5*if-.- 



OFFICES AND YARDS 



Nos. 200 North Ave. and 304 Pennsylvania Ave., 

ALIvKOHBNY, Pa, 

TF^r.TilPHON^E A 3S23. 



Ernst Axthelm, 

<x1MAGHINlSTt» 

Mechanical and Electrical Bell Hanger, 

AXTHELM'S SELF-CLOSING ANNUNCIATOR. 

AGENT FOR AND 

Repairer of all kinds of Sewing Machines 

LOCKS, SPEAKING TUBES, &c. 

No. 103 THIRD AVENUE, 

NKAR WOOD STREET. PITTSBURGH, PA. 

TelepUono J?^5l. 



24 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



of her citizens feel a just pride, was started in a very small way early 
in 1876, under the name of the Pittsburgh Encaustic Tile Co., limited. 
The institution from its very outset produced a very fine tile, but lack 
of capital prevented the business from being pushed successfully. In 
1882 the business was re-organized under its present name and with 
added capital and business energy has gone steadily forward and to-day 
enjoys a reputation which many older concerns might well feel proud of. 
At the time of the re-organization above referred to, the company started 
out with the determination not to try to do too many things at once, 
but what it did do to do well. This policy has been rigidly adhered to and 
we now find the company not experimenting with glazed, enamelled 
and art tile, which are very well in their way, but giving their entire 
attention to producing what is acknowledged on all sides to be the 
finest quality of unglazed tile now in the market. These goods are ex- 
tensively used for hearths and mantel facings, but their great consump- 
tion is for floors in pubhc buildings, depots, hotels, restaurants, drug 
stores and offices, as well as for vestibules, halls, kitchens, bath rooms, 
and laundries in residences. 

In the spring of 1887 the entire factory and warehouse were de- 
stroyed by fire, causing a very considerable loss in stock and machinery, 
but nothing daunted, re-building was at once began and in three months 
was again in full operation. The company during last winter laid tile 
floors in the new Allegheny County Court House to the extent of about 
42,000 square feet, this being probably the largest piece of tile work ever 
laid in Pennsylvania, We hope that our citizens will extend a liberal 
patronage to this most worthy enterprise. 



ERNST AXTHELM. 




Ernst Axthelm, Machinist, Mechan- 
ical and Electrical Bell-Hanger, No. 
103 Third Avenue.— The industries of 
this busy city are many in number, 
and cover every branch of skilled ac- 
tivity, and yet it is doubtful if there 
is one requiring a higher trained ex- 
perience*and 'ability than that of the 
machinist and bell-hanger. In this 
line it is generally recognized through- 
|out the city that Mr. Ernst Axthelm, 
No. 108 Third Avenue, is the leading 
representative, and one who is fully 
quaUfied to promptly fill any and all 
orders. He has been estabUshed since 
1858, 'and by strict ^attention coupled with a straightforward system of 
honorable dealing, he has built up a large and permanent patronage. 
He is an expert practical mechanic,": and gives steady employment to 
four skilled machinists. He makes a specialty of electrical and mechan- 
ical bell-hanging, and is prepared to supply and erect electrical burglar 
alarms, annunciators, call bells, speaking tubes, etc. He is agent for, 
and repairer of, all kinds of sewing machines, locks, speaking tubes, etc., 
and Avith the superior facilities at his command is enabled to fill all orders 
in thi' promptest and most satisfactory manner. Mr. Axthelm makes 
a sp cialty of furnishing Public Buildings, Hotels, Depots, &c., with 
complete electrical appliances, and many of these, as well as numerous 
private residences, will bear witness to his skill. Personally, Mr. 
Axthelm is a genial, courteous gentleman, honorable, liberal and fair 
in all transactions, and is highly esteemed by all who know him. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 25 

John C. Alrich, Chairman. Wm. R. Thompson, Sec'y. Samuel Keys, Manager. 

Star EacaiistlG Tile 60., Limiteil, 

Manufacturers of Best Qualities of 

FLOORING TILE 

For Hearths and Floors, Vestibules, Porches, Banks, Dining Rooms, 
Kitchens, Hotels, Halls, Bath Rooms, Laundries, Depots, &c. 

All Tile burned by the use of Natural Gas, and pronounced the finest 

in the \A^orld. 

Also, Dealers in Glazed and Art Tile, 

For Mantels, Walls, Dadoes, &c. 

Works, Bluff St, near Gist,l 

OFFICC AND SALESROOM, I PITT^BURllH, DA. 

No. 706 PENN AVENUE,] r f- ^ r 

THE CENTRAL BRANCH HOUSE 

EMPIRE DRILL CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Grain and. I^ertili:zer Drills, 
SULKEY HAY RAKES and EXCELSIOR HORSE RAKES, 

144 and 146 Webster Street, 

H. £ COLE, Manager. -^X-iIjIEOSaiEJnsr-^. 

DEALER IN 

irfesian ieep Hell iteani funips, 

And Pumps for Wells of any Depth for Hand Use. 

Wind Engines, Iron and Lead Pipe and Fittings, Seiver Pipe, Orates 

and Fronts, Sinks, Pipe Cutters, Pipe Tongs, Stocks and 

Dies, Cordage, Plastering Hair, &c. 

SEND FOR CATALOGUE AND PRICES. 

144 and 146 Webster St , . . ALLEGHENY, PA. 

TELEPHONE NO. 3083. 



26 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



PHCENIX BRICK WORKS. 

As a great centre of industrial activity Pittsburgh, of course, contains 
many concerns that have developed into immense proportions within the 
last quarter of a century. An important branch of commercial activity, 
and one deserving of special mention in a review of leading business inter- 
ests of Allegheny county, is the manufacture of fire brick; and none of 
those great manufacturing and mercantile corporations which have, and 
are, contributing so materially to Pittsburgh's prosperity, deserves a more 
prominent place than that of the Phcenix Fire Brick Works, of 
Manorville, Armstr<)ng county, Pa., owned and managed by Mr. 
Isaac Reese. By hard work, constant improvements and close personal 
attention this gentleman has succeeded in producing a brick which af- 
fords his numerous customers entire satisfaction. His "Silica" brick is 
now considered the best brick made in this or any other country, and is 
fast taking the place of all imported brick, it being preferred, even at a 
higlier price per thousand, to that made in foreign countries. Mr. 
Reese's "Silica" works are located at Manorville, Armstrong county 
and, his process being patented, he is, as a matter of course, the sole 
manufacturer of this brand. To give a description of the superiority of 
this brick over any other brand would occupy more space than can pos- 
sibly be spared in a review of this kind; let one instance suffice. In one 
of our large manufacturing establishments over 7,000 tons of steel has 
been taken out of an open-hearth furnace without necessitating any re- 
pairs. Another advantage possessed by this brick will easily be seen. 
By using the old fire brick in the cap or arch of a glass furnace the slack 
or drippings would run into the glass, while caps made of Reese's Silica 
brick will make the output of the furnace perfectly clean. Starting in 
the fire l)rick business on a small scale, in 1863, Mr. Reese has since then 
been connected with a number of leading works, prominent among 
which are the Apollo Fire Brick Works and the Bolivar Union Fire 
Brick Works, Westmoreland county; the Woodland Fire Brick Works, 
Woodland, Clearfield county, and the Empire Fire Brick Works, Ellerslie, 
Allegheny county. 

In 1879 Mr. Reese withdrew from other interests and centered all his 
energy in the Phoenix Fire Brick Works. Since that time he has met 
with phenomenal success. Manufacturing "Silica" exclusively at 
Manorville, and Phoenix fire brick at Cowanshannock, both in Arm- 
strong county, he gives constant employment to nearly 100 inen, reach- 
ing a yearly production of about 7,000,000 brick. His Pittsburgh busi- 
ness is attended to at his residence. No. 4414 Butler street. Without a 
short biography of this gentleman our sketch would not be complete. 

Isaac Reese was born in South Wales in Great Britain in 1821. His 
parents emigrated with their children to this country in 1832, They 
first settled at Phcenixville, Chester county, where Isaac attended 
school. From thence they removed in the following year to Hunting- 
don county, and again, in 1834, to Bellefonte, Center county. At the 
last place they resided for two years and then removed to Pittsburgh. 
Isaac was now old enough to go to a trade, and he served an apprentice- 
ship to learn the business of "hammer-man" in one of the iron mills at 
Pittsburgh. For over twenty years he followed his trade, more than 
half of which time he was employed in the extensive mills of .lohn H. 
Shoenberger. He saw an opening to engage in fire brick making in 
1803, and although not having much capital and but little knowledge 
of the process of manufacture, he entered into it with great energy and 
a determination to succeed. He possessed natural business qualifica- 
tions, and a physique well able to sustain the wear and tear of his active 
business life. From boyhood he has been familiar with hard labor, and 
to-day the mental straiii of business is commensurate with the physical 
taxation of his earlier years. He has been a very successful manufac- 
turer, and produces the best silica brick made in the world to-day, while 
his lire brick is without a peer. .He has thoroughly mastered the pro- 
cess, and although he has almost reached the allotted time to retire — 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



27 



P.O. ADDRESS. GENERAL OFFICE, 

4414 Butler St., Pittsburgh. Manorville, Armstrong Co., Pa 

( Manorville, Pa 



Works, 



iCoWANSHANNOCK, Pa. 



I 



Phoenix Fire Brick Works 



ISAAC REESE, Proprietor, 

Manufacturers of the Celebrated 



I 



"REESE" SILICA BRICK, 

Per Centage of Silica, 97.52. 
Si'EOIALLY A^DAFTED FOR, 

Open Hearth Steel, Copper and Glass Furnaces. 



P^hLoeni:x: and Globe Kire Brick:, 

For Rolling Mills, Blast FurDaces and Foundry Purposes. 
Capacity, 6,000.000 per annum. Correspondence Solicited. 




PUMPS. 

^eine^e, tUilson ^ Go., 

200 SMITHFIELD STREET. PITTSBURGH. 



PLUMBING, GAS AND STEAM FITTING, 



GAS FIXTURES, Chandeliers, Brackets, Globts, &c. 
RUBBER HOSE, Hose Reels, Lawn Sprinklers. 
PIPE, Wrought Iron, Lead, Sewer Pipe, "Well Casing. 
PUMPS, Metal, Wood. 
SUPPLIES, ^Vater, Gas, Steam. 



AGENTS 



( The Ooulfls MaiiiiiaeUiFiiig Co. 
I Tlie Trailer 11 Pump Co. 



Wind Mills, Hydraulic Rams, Novelties, 



28 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

"three score and ten" — is to-day one of our most energetic business men. 
He has served a term in Pittsburgh Councils, is a member of the Fourth 
Baptist Church, and is a widely known and much respected citizen of 
our city. 

Mr. Reese everywhere is recognized to be a thoroughly enterprising 
and pulilic-spirited citizen, whose successful efforts in mercantile life are 
in keeping with his cordial support to all measures best calculated to 
advance the permanent welfare and prosperity of Allegheny county. 



HAWORTH & DEWHURST. 

Ha worth & Dewhurst, Wholesale Grocers and Coffee Roasters, Nos. 
701 and 703 Liberty Street, and Nos. 47 and 49 Seventh Street. — Repre- 
sentative among the largest establishments of Pittsburgh is that of 
Messrs. Haworth & Dewhurst, the oldest grocery concern here, and the 
leader in such important lines as teas, coffees and other staples. The 
immense business conducted here was founded in 1848, by Mr. Jehu 
Haworth and Mr. J. B. Dewhurst, gentlemen now in the prime of life, 
and who bring to bear the widest range of practical experience coupled 
with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade. The growth of 
their trade has been steady and permanent, and to accommodate which 
the firm has been repeatedly obliged to enlarge and refit their premises. 
At Nos. 701 and 703 Liberty Street they occupy as their wholesale 
grocery house, offices and salesrooms, three four story brick buildings, 
^xlOO feet each, furnished throughout in a handsome and complete 
manner, and having elevators and all modern improvements. The firm 
here carry an immense stock of staple and fancy groceries. Dealing 
direct as they do with producers, packers and importers, they handle in 
large quantities the choicest and freshest goods, in every case challeng- 
ing comparison both as to price and quality. The vast and varied stock 
so handsomely arranged here includes sugars, syrups and molasses ; the 
choicest fresh' crop Oolong, Japan, gunpowder, young Hyson, English 
Breakfast and other favorite teas. In coffees, also, the house has achieved 
an enviable reputation. As coffee roasters they do business upon the 
most extensive scale. Their teas and coffees are all strictly pure and un- 
adulterated, and hold the front rank in this section. Here is head- 
quarters for pure and fresh spices, whole and ground; mustard, pickles, 
sauces and condiments, foreign and domestic dried fruits; nuts and olive 
oils, starch, candles and soaps, etc. In canned goods the firm has 
achieved an enviable reputation. They take special pains to select only 
those goods that have been packed with special care by leading respon- 
sible houses, and always carry a full assortment of fruits, vegetables, 
fish, sardines, etc.; cocoa, chocolate, and farinaceous goods, w^ith the 
thousand and one sundries that go to make up the finest stock in the city, 
from which the trade can select. They also occupy warehouses at Nos. 
47 and 49 Seventh Street, two three-story brick buildings, 25 x 100 feet in 
size each, and where they carry their heavy reserve stock so as to be able 
to meet all requirements. The eminent reputation of this enterprising- 
firm is known far and wide; they cater to Western Pennsylvania, 
Eastern Ohio, West Virginia and Maryland, and transact a most ex- 
tensive business, employing fifty hands, and having a staff* of travellers 
constantly on the road.' Mr. Haworth was born in England, and came 
to this country in early boyhood, and has here in Pittsburgh developed 
an honored commercial success, being one of her oldest established 
wholesale grocers. Mr. Dewhurst is a native of Pennsylvania, and an 
energetic, efficient business man. He is a member of 'the Centennial 
Committee. 

The firm of Haworth & Dewhurst is universally popular and re- 
spected, while, as citizens, they have always given a heaity support to 
all measures best calculated to advance the permanent welfare and 
prosperity of Allegheny County. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



29 



JareGki Manufacturing Go., 

MAIN OFFICE and FACTORY, ERIE, PA. 

Manufacturers of a full line of 

Brass Goods, malleable and gray |ron Fittings 

FOR STEAM, GAS, WATER AND OIL, 

Especially adapted to the Oil Region Trade. Together with a Full Line of 

GENERAL OIL WELL SUPPLIES. 
JARECKI SCREW PLATE AND PIPE CUTTER. 

WRITE FOR DISCOUNT AND DESCRIPTION. 

Branch Stores at 953 Liberty Street, Pittsburgh, 

Bradford, Washington, Warren, Butler and Clarendon, Pa. 
Bolivar and Allentown, N. Y., and Lima, Ohio. 



J W. KREPS. 



1. A. REED. 



J. E. KREPS 



isiEEJiD ^z ^zieiB^s, 




MANUFACTURERS OF 

STEAMBOAT BARROWS, 

RAILROAD BARROWS, 
GARDEN BARROWS. 

BRICK BARROWS, 
STONE BARROWS. 

STORE BARROWS, 
COKE BARROWS, 

COAL BARROWS, 

FOOT OF MULBERRY STREET, 

ALLEGHENY, PA. 



FIT GUARANTEED. 



GOOD QUALITY. 



J. F. SCHROEDEE, 

Merchant Tailor, 

40^ Smithfield St. , 



PITTSBURGH. 



MODERA TE PRICES. 



COURTESY. 



30 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



JOHNSONS, EAGYE & EARL. 

Johnsons, Eagye & Earl, Wholesale Grocers, No. 120 Second Ave- 
nue and No. 149 First Avenue.— This immense business, now centered 
here, was founded in 1844 by the late John Irvine and Mahlon Martin, 
under the firm name of Irvine & Martin; two years later, Mr. Irvine 
disposed of his interest to William H. Smith, the style becoming Martin 
& Smith. In 1847 Mr. William M. Sinclair purchased Mr. Martin's in- 
terest, thus changing the firm name to that of Smith & Sinclair. It 
thus continued up to 1855, when Mr. Sinclair retired, and the dissolu- 
tion was followed by the formation of a new firm known as that of 
Smith, Mair & Hunter, composed of Mr. W. H. Smith, Mr. W. W. 
Mair and Mr. Joseph R. Hunter. In 1857 Mr. Mair retired, the remain- 
ing partners continuing the business as William H. Smith & Co., until 
1866, when Mr. Hunter retired, and Messrs. Sullivan Johnson and 
Joseph T. Colvin were admitted, under the style of Smith, Johnson & 
Colvin. Mr. Smith finally retired in 1869, after a long and honorable 
career; the firm then becoming known, first as Johnson & Colvin, and 
afterwards as Johnson, Colvin & Co. Eventually, in 1876, it was suc- 
ceeded by the present house of Messrs. Johnson, Eagye & Earl, the ad- 
mission of Mr. J. F. Johnson in 1884, rendering the style of the first 
name plural, otherwise leaving the title of this popular and influential 
house unchanged — a veritable trademark as regards the quality and re- 
liability of all goods handled and sold by it. Their establishment is of 
immense proportions, in keeping with the extent and character of their 
stock. It is centrally located at No. 120 Second Avenue, having a front- 
age of twenty-five feet and extending entirely through the block to 
First Avenue, a distance of two hundred and forty feet. It is a hand- 
some three-story brick structure, and fully fitted up throughout for the 
display, storage, repacking and shipment of stock. On the first floor 
are the main office, 20x30 feet, private offices and a fine sartiple room. 
The stock carried is essentially representative of the choicest food pro- 
ducts, staple and fancy groceries, and sundries from every quarter of 
the globe, and no adequate description could be attempted within the 
limits of this article. Here are the choicest coffees grown; the firm has 
long been justly celebrated for its popular "Johnsons' Keystone Brand 
of Coff'ee," noticeable for its excellence, while the firm's "Climax 
Brand" is certainly suitably named. It is judiciously blended from 
choicest growths, to secure every feature that endears the fragrant bev- 
erage to the best judges thereof. "Climax" coffee is incomparable in 
flavor and high standard of excellence to any other coffee sold in the 
United States, and is so recognized by the trade and the best classes of 
consumers. In teas. Oolongs, Hyson, Gunpowder, Assam, English 
Breakfast, etc., the firm handle large lots of "fresh crop" direct, and 
guarantee quality and fiavor in every instance. Their popular teas can- 
not be duplicated elsewhere, either as regards price or quality. In fresh 
and pure spices, the best selected foreign fruits, condiments, sauces, 
pickles, etc., and full lines of fancy groceries this stock challenges com- 
parison. The firm has ever been celebrated for its canned goods. The 
greatest care is exercised to handle only those brands that experience 
and critical test demonstrate to be properly packed, full weight, of the 
selected, prime fruits and vegetables, and the trade can select from the 
firm's long list with perfect confidence of having a saleable and appre- 
ciated lot. In such staples as fiour, cereals, farinaceous goods, sugars, 
syrups, soaps, etc., the firm is prepared to oiler substantial inducements 
to the trade, while their department devoted to cigars and tobaccos con- 
tains a much larger and better assorted stock than that of the average 
wholesale tobacconist — in fact, the general merchant and retail grocer 
can here replenish his stock to the best advantage, and the volume of 
the trade may be gathered when we state that Messrs. Johnsons, Eagye 
& Earl do a business reaching up towards $900,000 to 11,000,000 per an- 
num, their trade extending through Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland 
and West Virginia. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 31 



Star Firo Brick ^W^orks. 



HARBISON & WALKER 

Cor. Twenty-Second & Railroad Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

FIRE BRICK 

AND 

"Star Silica" Brick. 



SPECIALTIES: Blast Furnace Linings, Open-Hearth and other Steel 
Furnace and Glass Furnace Work. 



ANNUAL CAPACITY, 12,000,000 BRICK. 



HEPBURN WALKER, Chairman. S. P. HARBISON, Treasurer. 

H. A. KENNEDY, Secretary. 

Woodland Fire Brick Go., 

T^nvriTET), 

WOODLAND, CLEARFIELD CO., PA. 

Corner 22d and Railroad Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

''.Woodland," "Bradford" and "Tyrone" Brands ot 

KiRE Brick. 



SPECIALTIES : Blast Furnace Linings, Steel and Malleable Iron 
Furnace Brick and Glass Furnace Work. 

ANNUAL CAPACITY, 10,000,000 BRICK. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Mr. Sullivan Johnson was born in Somerset county, Pa., in 1830. 
He was for fourteen years engaged in active business at Adison, Somer- 
set county, as member of the firm of Ross & Johnson. He finally re- 
moved to Pittsburgh in 1866, and has since been prominently identified 
with the wliolesale grocery trade here. He is a public-spirited, enter- 
prising member of the community, whose equitable and honorable pol- 
icy has left a marked impress upon the tone and aims of the trade. Mr. 
George W. Eagye was born in Washington county in 1843, and was for 
several years engaged in mercantile pursuits at Upper Middletown, Pa. 
He came to Pittsburgh in 1867, aivi has become prominent in business 
circles here. No one is a better authority in the grocery trade than he, 
and he is fully imbued with the true spirit of industry and enterprise. 
Mr. Edwin F. Earl is a nativeof Somerset county, and is a very widely 
and favorably-known merchant. He was for nineteen years engaged in 
business at Jener^-Roads, Pa., for eight years of that period having been 
a member of the firm of Kiernan & Earl. He has been a permanent 
resident of Pittsburgh since 1876, and is an appreciated and pushing 
business man. Mr. J. F. Johnson is likewise a native of Somerset, and 
possesses fine executive abilities, and is universally respected and popu- 
lar as a rising young merchant. He was formerly of the wholesale dry 
goods firm of Joseph Home & Co., and had been connected with that 
house for twenty years when he entered the present firm. Such, in 
brief, is a review of the rise and progress of this old-established busi- 
ness, and of the honored house now guiding its course. Its commercial 
relations are widespread, its facilities unequalled, its connections the 
best possible, while its wise gui«iance has ever been noteworthy, and 
the establishment reared by Messrs. Johnsons, Eagye & Earl is a last- 
ing source of credit to the city, and a monument to tlieir own industry 
and enterprise. 

J. & H. PHILLIPS. 

J. & H. Phillips, Dealers in Leather Belting, India-Rubber Belting, 
Hose, Packing and Rubber Goods, also Oil Cloths, Window Shades, etc., 
Nos. 26 and 28 Sixth Street. — One of those great mercantile establish- 
ments which date back to the early period of Pittsburgh's growing im- 
portance as a great commercial centre, is that of which the firm of 
J. & H. Phillips are the esteemed proprietors. The extensive business 
conducted by it was founded in 1840, by Messrs. J. & H. Phillips. The 
lamented decease of Mr. H. Phillips occurred in 1864, since whicli date 
Mr. J. Phillips has actively and permanently carried on the business 
under the original and widely known name and style, equlvilent to a 
trade mark as regards standard quality of all goods sold. Mr. Phillips 
carries the largest and best selected stock of belting, rubber goods, etc., 
in the city. He occupies the entire four-story and basementbrick build- 
ing, centrally situated at Nos. 26 and 28 Sixth Street, and which is 36 x 
110 feet in dimensions. The establishment is handsomely fitted up 
throughout, and is the centre of a very large and active wholesale and 
retail trade. Mr. Phillips represents the leading manufacturers in 
his line, such as the Boston Belting Company and the American Rub- 
ber Company. The stock includes the choicest qualities of rubber cloth- 
ing in all sizes, also rubber boots and overshoes. This house has long 
controlled the largest and best class of trade in Pittsburgh and Alle- 
gheny, and is likewise represented by its travellers all through Western 
Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio, West Virginia, etc., to manufacturers and 
merchants, and no concern has achieved a more enviable reputation. 
Mr. Phillips was born in Washington County, Pa., and has all his life 
been actively identified with the leading commercial circles of Pitts- 
burgh. He has made hosts of friends in consequence of his strict 
integrity and equitable business policy, and justly merits the success 
attending his well directed enterprise. Operating at low expense, the 
public and the trade realize the advantages derived by giving their 
custom to this well known and popular establishment. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 33 



SULLIVAN JOHNSON, EDWIN F. EARL, 

GEORGE W. EAGYE. J. F. JOHNSON. 



iS^S* 



ll 



OHW^OW^, EAIJYE \ EAI(L 





flo?. 120 Second and 149 Firi^t Avenue, 

©IiPmSBUl^GH, ©A. 



:SPECIALTIES 



TEAS, CANNED GOODS, TOBACCOS, 

S>^riaps and Nlolasses. 



S)(rm 



EKEYSTONE GOFFEE. 



B3 



tU ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



JAMES W. HOUSTON & CO. 

Energy, pluck and perseverance ! A remarkable illustration of the 
triple combination indicated by these few words is found in the history 
of tlie wholesale grocery house of James W. Houston & Co., located at 
No. 21 Seventh ave., and whose card appears on opposite page. As the 
personal characteristics of successful men are always interesting, a brief 
sketch of the members of this tirm is herewith subjoined. 

James W. Houstou, the senior member of the firm, has not yet 
reached his prime, being but thirty-nine years of age. Born in the 
little town of Garoagh, in the north of Ireland, his parents emigrated 
to this country when he was but a year old. Mr. Houston is emphat- 
ically a Pittsburgher, having spent his entire life in this city, with the 
exception of three years (1866-69), during which he was employed in 
Venango county. Pa. In 869, when Mr. Houston was but twenty, he 
obtained the position of head book-keeper for J. 8. Dilworth &Co., then 
the oldest and largest grocery house in Pittsburgh. His worth was 
S])eedily recognized and he became an invaluable man to the concern. 
His faithfuhioss, energy and untiring industry secured his steady ad- 
vancement until, in 1878, he was admitted as a partner. On January 1, 
1881, Mr. Houston having withdrawn from the firm of J. S. Dilworth 
& Co., associated with him Mr. Leo Reed, under the firm name of 
James W. Houston & Co. Among the marked traits of character pos- 
sessed by Mr. Plouston are the courage of his convictions, an abiding 
faith in the right, and unfailing perseverance. He was facetiously de- 
scribed by a local paper, in connection with a great moral contest, as a 
"sticker from Stickerviile." Mr. Houston is emphatically a self-made 
man. Thrown upon his own resources at an early age, he has hewn his 
own way through life, unaided by wealth or influence. 

Leo Reed, the junior member of the firm, is of German descent. He 
was born in Allegheny City in 1852. While he was yet a boy his parents 
lemoved to Westmoreland county, where Mr. Reed's life was spent on 
a farm and as an ordinary laborer until he was eighteen. Animated by 
a desire to obtain an education he came to Pittsburgh and took a com- 
mercial course. After some time he obtained a position as bill clerk 
with the firm of J. S. Dilworth & Co. The firm soon discovered that 
they had secured no ordinary clerk. His merits gained his promotion, 
first to the position of book-keeper, then to that of salesman, which 
position he resigned at the close of 1880 to embark in business with Mr. 
Houston. Mr. Reed is also a self-made man. He has surmounted dif- 
ficulties which by ordinary men are considered insurmountable. His 
education is largely the result of the diligent improvement of spare 
hours in the evening after a hard day's work. In addition to being a 
thorough business man, Mr. Reed possesses considerable literary taste. 
He wields a facile pen, and has contributed articles to the press on some 
of the leading topics of the day which have attracted wide attention. 
He is a strong advocate of the public school system. 

Both men are possessed of strong wills and great decision of charac- 
ter, and are animated by the spirit of true American independence in 
thought and action. 

The growth of this firm has been sure and steady. Early in 1887 
they were obliged to leave the original stand on Second avenue and 
seek larger quarters. They now occupy a warehouse which in point 
of convenience and facilities ranks fourth in the grocery trade. Their 
aim has been to build their business not for the present alone, but also 
for the future. When they once secure trade it becomes permanent It 
is said that the advice given by this firm to their salesmen is: "Re- 
member that there is a future in business; don't resort to questionable 
means to secure success for one trip. Say all the good you can for your 
goods, but don't misrepresent. Fulfill all promises to the letter. In 
this way you will secure the confidence of your customers and retain 
their trade." It is needless to say that a firm that does business on this 
basis is bound to succeed. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 35 



James W. Houston & Co 



[S 





\Nn 



COFFEB ROASTKF-^vS 



OUR brands coffee : 

' Ye Olden Time," 

" KariTier^ and Nliner^s," 

''Good Clieer.' 



HEAI)QLlARTERS FOR 

STRICTLY PURE N.O. MOLASSES 

AND FINE SYRUPS, 

Nix 21 SEVENTH AVENUE, 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



WILLIAM HASLAGE & SON, 

Select Fancy Grocers and Importers of Japanese Curios, Novelties, etc., 
No. 18 Diamond S(iuare.— The metropolitan character of Pittsburgh is 
well illustrated by the vast emporiums which are here established in 
nearly every line of business. A notable illustration of this is afforded 
in the fancy grocery trade by the prominent house of Messrs. William 
Haslage & Son, situated on the Diamond Market Square. This exten- 
sive business is both the largest and oldest established in its line. It 
was founded in 1845 by the late Mr. William Haslage, who afterward 
formed the firm of William Haslage & Co. This style continued for a 
lengthy period, Mr. Haslage eventually again becoming sole proprietor, 
and in 1880 forming a co-partnership with his son, Mr. William C. 
Haslage, under the existing name and style of William Haslage & Son. 
The lamented decease of the senior partner occurred in December, 
1881, his death being deeply regretted by hosts of friends and customers 
who had appreciated his sterling qualities of mind and heart, and his 
laudable ambition to maintain the lead in his branch of trade. His son 
carries on the immense business upon the old time basis of honor, en- 
terprise and equity, and the "Old Country Tea House" is to-day as 
popular with the good people of Pittsburgh and Allegheny City as it 
was forty years ago, while its trade has steadily enlarged to proportions 
of the greatest magnitude. Here is the largest retail store in the city, 
the establishment occupying the entire four-story brick building. No. 18 
Diamond, on the Market Square, a location unsurpassed both as re- 
gards centrality and prominence. It is handsomely and richly fitted 
up throughout, the main salesroom, 30 x 160 feet in dimensions, 
having fine marble counters, hard wood fixtures, and a display 
of goods at once comprehensive and attractive. The firm are direct 
importers of and dealers in the choicest teas, coffees and fancy 
groceries, with an entire department devoted to specially imported 
Japanese curios, bric-a-brac, etc. Mr. Haslage is an expert judge of 
teas, and always carries the most desirable stock in town of fresh crop 
Oolongs, black and English breakfast, Formosa, Assam and Gunpowder 
teas, quoted at prices which cannot be duplicated elsewhere. He buys 
in the largest quantities direct from foreign hands, and this is the re- 
cognized headquarters for pure teas. The same remark applies to cof- 
fees. Much difficulty has been experienced in procuring coffee of the 
highest grade, pure and unadulterated, and thus it is reassuring to the 
public to know that they can always rely on Haslage's coffees as being 
pure, fresh and fragrant. He buys in cargo lots, does his own roasting 
and grinding, and has achieved a record for teas and coffees that is ab- 
solutely unrivalled. The same remark applies to his spices, condiments, 
sugars," canned goods of the famous brands, Crosse & Blackwell's 
pickles, etc. Another equally important department is devoted to the 
fiuest stock in town of pure Cogna'j; brandies, imported and domestic 
wines, Bass' and Philadelphia ales, porter and stout, highly recom- 
mended and largely consumed for medical purposes. On the second 
floor is the firm's fancy goods department. It is a veritable exhibition 
of the rare, curious and fanciful. No visitor to Pittsburgh should fail 
to visit this unique display. Here is the largest and most desirable line 
of Japanese curios to be found in the State, also novelties and decorative 
goods. The sales are very large, and the homes of the people are in- 
debted to Mr. Haslage's enterprise for their decorations. The great 
store is always a scene of busy trade. It is beautifully lit from a ro- 
tunda in the center, and among other improvements has the new 
travelling change system, saving annoyance and delay. Twenty-three 
experienced hands are employed here, and there is a constant rush of 
trade that is the most convincing indication of the superior character of 
stock and the honorable policy of the house. Mr. Haslage was born in 
Pittsburgh, and has here been closely identified all his life with this im- 
portant business. He has annually enlarged his circle of connections 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



37 



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ESTABLISHED 1845 



WM. HASLAgE & SON, 

Selecl^ Familg Grocers. 



IMPORTERS OF ALL GRADES OF 



Old Country Teas and Fancy Groceries, 

Fine Canned Fruits and Vegetables, Evaporated and Standard 
Dried Fruits. 

ALSO, MANUFACTURERS OF 

OivD Country Bakino Powdkr. 

MAI^I^Erp SQUAI^B. PITTSBURGH, PA. 



88 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL 



and finds a market for his goods, both at wholesale and retail, all round, 
within a radius of 100 miles; while here in Pittsburgh his is the repre- 
sentative establishment in its line, and a worthy outcome of the firm's 
energy and integrity. 



DEMMLER BROS., 

Jobbers of Stamped and Japanned Ware, Bird Cages, Sheet Tron, Tin- 
ners' Trimmings, etc., 526 and 528 Smithfield street.— The estabhshment 
conducted by the firm of Demmler Bros., has been in existence since 
1860, when it was established upon a moderate scale. By industry and 
careful attention to business, however, the proprietors have yearly 
added to the volume of their trade, and their house now contains the 
largest and most complete stock of its kind in the city. Their facilities 
for the transaction of their flourishing business are of the best charac- 
ter, and they occupy a commodious four-story building at Nos, 526 and 
528 Smithfield street, with an extensive annex on Virgin alley, where 
they carrv constantly on hand a very large stock of stamped and Ja- 
panned ware, bird cages, sheet iron, tinners' trimmings, etc. They 
have a large jobbing trade throughout Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Vir- 
ginia, Maryland, and nearly every section of the country; and make a 
specialty of all the latest and best novelties in the house furnishing 
line, among which we will mention only a few, such as the "Boss One 
Minute Coffee Pot," "Anthony Wayne Washing Machine," "Imperial" 
and "St. John" Milk Shakes, "Polar Ice Shaver," Indurated Wood 
Fibre Ware, all varieties of Air Moisteners for natural gas fires, the 
Alaska Refrigerators, Filters, Ice Cream Freezers, etc., while they make 
a special effort to carry all the best kinds of miners' lamps. The Demm- 
ler Bros, are experienced business men, and are well and favorably 
known in business circles. 



EDWARD RICE. 

A prominent merchant tailoring house in Allegheny is that of Mr. 
Edward Rice, No. 19 Federal Street. This business was established in 
1879 by Messrs. Gardiner & Rice, being conducted under that name un- 
til January, 1886, when Mr. Gardiner withdrew. Mr. Rice has earned 
an enviable reputation, which has been the direct result of the superi- 
ority, artistic style and cut of the various garments made at his estab- 
lishment. • The stock carried is without exception the largest and most 
complete assortment in Western Pennsylvania, and the most fastidious 
and critical customers cannot fail to be suited at his place. All trim- 
mings, satins and silks used in the production of the garments are of the 
very best. The growth and prosperity of this establishment are only 
commensurate with the energy and enterprise of the proprietor, who is 
sedulously engaged in maintaining the character of his goods, and there- 
by meet the most exacting demands of his patrons. Mr. Rice is a practi- 
cal tailor and cutter, and all garments are made under his personal super- 
vision, which render them unsurpassed for style, finish and superior 
workmanship. Mr. Rice was born in Ireland and came to this country 
when (juite young, settling down at once in Pittsburgh. He has grown 
up with the* city and is in every sense of the word a " self-made man." 
He is widely known as an honorable and conscientous business man, 
and the success he is achieving is as well merited as it is substantial. 
Mr. Rice is ably assisted by Mr. Wni. Ladley, a gentleman whose life- 
long experience in cutting and fitting is a sufficient guarantee of the 
excellency of the work produced at this establishment. 

"^I'o all interested in securing first-class clothing at reasonable rates 
we suggest a call on Mr. Rice. They can there see for themselves the 
superior character of his skill as a merchant tailor. 



AFJiF^^dHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



89 



ESTABLISHED I860. 



DEMMLER BROTHERS, 

^tamped and Japanned Wafe, 

Tinners' Supplies, 

Bird Cages, Miners' Lamps, Sheet Iron, House-Fur- 
nishing Goods, &c. 

526 and 528 Sriiithifield Street, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 




Q 
> 
in 

(/) 
H 
O 
< 

CO 



Headquarters of all the Latest Novelties in 

lilchGn aijd louse furnishing loods, 

BRASS GOODS, 

WASHING MACHINES, 

CURTAIN STBETCHERS, 

INDURATED WOOD FIBRE WARE, 

COPPER KETTLP]S, BRASS KETTUIOS, 
AGATE AND GRANITE WARE, 

REFRIGERATORS, FILTERS, 

ICE CREAM FREEZERS, 

PERFECTION HOLLOW WARE, 

Air Moisteners for Natural Gas Fires. 



40 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA 

Was chartered in 1819. Its first President inaugurated in 1822. Its 
first location was Cherry alley, from which place it moved to a build- 
ing "erected on Third street, extending from the corner of Clierry alley 
to near Smithfield street— for the time one of the most imposing public 
buildings in the city, or anywhere in the west." "From this home it 
was driven by the great fire of 1845." Its next home, on the corner of 
Duquesne way and Fifth street, was also destroyed by fire in 1849. In 
'54 and '55, on the corner of Ross and Diamond streets, was erected a 
new building, which was dedicated in January, 1856. This last was the 
home of the University till the year 1882, when, after the burning of the 
Court House, it was sold to Allegheny county. Since that time the 
University has occupied the greater portion of two large buildings, 133 
and 204 North avenue, Allegheny. It possesses, by bequest, the valuable 
private library of the late Robert Watson, Esq., together with its former 
library and collectio:i of works of reference pertaining to the departments 
of physics, chemistry and engineering; has also a reading room supplied 
with the most valuable of the current literature of the day; and besides 
owning many rare minerals, Ward's casts, etc., is supplied with appa- 
ratus for the study of chemistry, physics and engineering. It is also 
the owner of the "Allegheny Observatory," whose Director, Dr. Lang- 
ley, is also Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution at Washington. 

Through all its vicissitudes the University has maintained a high 

standing— as might be expected from the character of the members of 

its Board of Trustees and Faculty, among whom are found tiie names 

of the ablest and most honored of the past two generations. During 

this Centennial occasion, the present Board has (see opposite page), 

been devising liberal things, and it is believed that another year will 

see the University in a condition to offer its patrons as great advantages 

as can be found in the best institutions of our land. The roll of Alumni 

(which can be had on application to the College authorities), is one of 

which any institution may well be proud, embracing as it does an 

array of the names of men eminent in every department of life. The 

friends of the University have nobly sustained it; supplying its many 

wants, ministering to its necessities, until now it stands a monument of 

their benificence. Among these friends, one has stood pre-eminent, 

not only by his munificent gifts, but by his exceeding modesty, which 

has impelled him to refuse all offers of attaching his name as part of 

the name of the institution, or even giving his name to the endowment 

of a chair. We refer to Mr. William Thaw. This gentleman has been 

ably seconded by others well known to the citizens of this and other 

sections, among whom we find the names of Curtis G. Hussey, Henry 

Lloyd, Charles J. Clarke, James Irwin, Thomas M. Howe, Thomas S, 

Clarke, Charles Knap, Isaac Jones, A. & W. K. Nimick, James Park, 

Jr., S. M. Kier, J. K. Moorhead,N. Holmes, Alex. Bradley, Wm. Frew, 

Mrs. H. Denny, Jos. Home. John B. Jackson, Alex. Nimick, James I. 

Kuhn, Rov. W. D. Howard, John W. Chalfant, John Harper, John 

Dunlap, M. W. Watson, Wm. Bakewell, John Shipton, C. L. Magee, 

Josiah King, .loseph McKnight, Thomas Fawcett, Chris. Zug, James B. 

Lyon, Hostetter & Smith, G. W.Cass, Augustus Hartje, C. Reiter, 

George Bateman, Wm. Phillips, Jas. B. Lyon & Co. Among the 

names of the Presidents of the Board are Geo.* Stevenson, Esq., Bishop 

Geo Upfold, D. D., LL. D., Rev. David H. Riddle, D. D., Rev. E M. 

Van Deusen, D. D., Rev. D. R. Kerr, D. D.j LL. D., and the present 

incumbent, James B. Scott, Esq. 

The names of the Presidents of the Faculty are: Robert Bruce, D. 
D., 1819-35; Rev. Gilbert Morgan, 1835-36; Herman Dyer, D. D., 1843-49; 
D. H. Riddle, D. D., 1849-55; John F. McLaren, D. D., 1855-58; George 
Woods, LL. D., 1858-80; Milton B. Goflf, A. M., y>>;-o fern., 1880-81; 
Henry M, McC'racken, D. D., 1881-84; and the present incumbent, 
Milton B. Goft, LL. D., sinoel884 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



41 



THE 



Western University 



OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



TRUSTEES. 



James B. Scott, President. 
James R. Speer, M. D. 
William Bakewell, Esq. 
Robert B. Mowry, M. D. 
John Harper, 
Rev. John G. Brown, D. D 
William Thaw, 
Alexander Nimick, 
Alexander Bradley, 
Curtis G. Hussey, M. D. 
Charles J, Clarke, 



Hon. F. H. Collier, 
Hon. R. B. Carnahan, 
Hon. John C. Newmyer, 
James P. Hanna, 
Wm. J. Sawyer, 
Hon. Felix R. Hrunot, 
Wm. M. Darlington, 
Rt. Rev. Cortlandt Whitehead, 
D. D. 
Rev. John Crocker White, D.D. 
Rev. Thos. N. Boyle, D. D. 



Rev. Edward P. Cowan, D. D. 

Reuben Miller, 

Rev.W. J. Robinson, D. D. 

Wm. I'haw, Jr. 

Robert M. Tindle, M. D. 

Henry Holdship, 

Rev. John W. Sproull, 

Thomas C. Jenkins, 

M. B. Goff, LD. D.,Chancellor. 

Hon. Wm. McCallin, Mayor. 

Hon. R. T. Pearson, Mayor. 



FACULTY. 



Milton B. Goff. A. M., LL. D., Chancellor, 
Mental and Moral Science. 

Jos. F. Griggs, A. M., Emeritus Greek, Libra- 
rian. 

Alphonse M. Danse, French, 

Samuel P. Langley, LL. D., Director of Ob- 
servatory. 

Levi Ludden, A. M., Preparatory. 

Theodore M. Barber, A. M,, Latin and English. 

Charles R. Coffin, A. M.. Latin. 

Francis C. Phillips, A. M., Chemistry and Min- 
eralogy. 



Oscar M. Tucker, English. 

Henry Gibbons, A. B., Greek. 

R. C. Wrenshall, Drawing and Biolog^^ 

Paul F. Rohrbacher, German and History. 

Frank W. Very, B. S., Assis't in Observatory. 

Daniel Carhart, C. E., Engineering and Mathe- 
matics 

Reid T. Stewart, Ph. M., C. E., Mathematics 
and Engineering. 

J. P. Stephen, Elocution. 

William D. Rowan, Commercial Branches. 

Albert E. Frost, A. M., Physics. 



At present the Univer^ty offers courses leading to the degrees of A, B., Ph. B., and 
C. E. It is expected, however, that the new buildings now in contemplation by the Board will 
be completed, and that the TECHNICAL SCHOOL of the University will be fully established 
by the opening of the Fall Term of 1889. But students desiring to take advantage of the facilities of 
the Technical School, need not wait until that date before beginning their studies, as the pres- 
ent Scientific and Civil Engineering Course are, for the first two years, nearly the same as those 
of Mechanical Engineering, &c. 

For full information, catalogues, &c., address the Chancellor, or 

JOS. F. GRIGGS, 

SdG'y and Treas. of the Board, 

133 North Ave., Allegheny, Pa 



42 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



GEO. W. BIGGS & CO. 

Geo. W. Biggs & Co., Fine Watches, Jewelry, etc., Lewis Building, 
corner Smithfi eld Street and Sixth Avenue.— No historical review of the 
rise and progress of the representative houses in each branch of mercan- 
tile activity in Pittsburgh would be complete without suitable reference 
to the reliable firm of Messrs. Geo. W. Biggs & Co., jewelers and diamond 
merchants, Lewis Building, corner Smithfield Street and Sixth Avenue. 
This business was established in 1870 by Mr. Geo. W. Biggs, and was 
conducted by him till July, 1888, when Mr. Edwin J. Biggs was admit- 
ted into partnership, the firm being known by the style and title of 
Geo. W. Biggs & Co. The premises occupied are elegantly equipped and 
comprise a splendid salesroom, 90 x 25 feet in area, which is fitted 
with three fine show windows, the plate of each of which is 12 x 14 feet 
in dimensions, the largest sheets ever manufactured in this country. 
These magnificant sheets of plate glass, which are without a flaw, were 
made by the plate manufacturing company whose works are situated at 
Height's Station, near Pittsburgh, and are the most expensive produced 
at any period in America. The stock of jewelry, diamonds, etc., is the 
largest and choicest in the city, and is set off and displayed in the show- 
rooms in a manner which reflects the greatest credit upon the good taste 
and sound judgment of the proprietors. The firm is also foremost in 
exhibiting seasonable styles and novelties in solid gold jewelry, and 
their business is rapidly increasing. Their line of fine watches is unex- 
celled, and in this department as in all others absolute satisfaction is 
guaranteed both as to quality and price. Messrs. Geo. W. and Edwin J. 
Biggs were both born in Pittsburgh, and are held in the highest estima- 
tion in social and commercial life for their excellent business qualities. 



E. HISTED. 

There is no branch of art which requires such a thorough knowledge 
of its every detail, coupled with natural talent and skill, as that of pho- 
tographing, and it is but proper that in a work of this description attention 
should be called to those who, in their particular line, occupy the most 
prominent positions. No one in the two cities is more entitled to such 
a destinction than the gentlemen whose name heads this article. Mr. 
Histed was born in London, England, where he served an apprentice- 
ship with Mr. Mayall, Court Photographer to Her Majesty Queen 
Victoria. Being apt and quick to learn he soon mastered the business; 
but this did not satisfy his artistic taste ; he entered the Government 
School of Science and Art, from which institution, in course of time, 
he graduated with honors, taking the first prize. When about 21 years 
of age he made up his mind to seek a larger field for his skill, and came 
to the United States, where he at once settled in Pittsburgh. From 
that moment his name became a household word. Nobody passing 
his place of business on Fifth avenue has failed to notice his show cases, 
filled with the choicest specimens of his artistic productions, while his 
views of Pittsburgh, Allegheny, and surrounding scenery have receiv- 
ed a welcome from our citizens of which he feels justly proud. Located 
on our most prominent thoroughfare, Mr. Histed has built up a business 
second to none in Western Pennsylvania, constantly giving employ- 
ment to about ten assistants, while he gives personal attention to even 
the smallest details. Mr. Histed makes a specialty of taking scenery 
along railroad lines, having lately taken some elegant views along the 
B. & O. Those taking an interest in this branch of his business should 
call at his studio and examine his views of scenery along the West Vir- 
ginia Central— the railroad in which Mr. Jas. G. Blaine and Stephen B. 
Elkins are the principal stockholders. Mr. Histed is a man in the very 
vigor and prime of life, and no man in his line of business maintains a 
higher standard for the uniform satisfaction rendered to his patrons. 

Elsewhere in the book will be found engraving taken from photographs, 
kindly furnished the pubhshers by Mr. Histed. His studio is at No. 41 
Fifth avenue. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNFAL. 48 



I 



WILL H. WATSON, 

Importer and Tailor 



A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 



FINE IMPORTED SUITINGS 



CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 



No. 18 SIXTH STREET, 



OPP. BIJOU THEATRE. PITTSBURGH, PA. 



E. W, HINTED, 

Photographic Jli'tist 

-41 KiKTH AVKNTIK, 
PITTSBURGH. 



The Most Fashionable Photographic Establishment 

IN THE TWO CITIES. 

Views of Pittsburgh and Allegheny, and surrounding scenery, 
Photographed and Published by 

41 FIFTH AVENUE. 



44 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



OIL WELL SUPPLY COMPANY, LIMITED. 

Dr. Holmes once remarked that if this world were burned up, in a 
few years there would be a new race of millionaires from the trade in 
potash. 

Every new industry gives force to the remark, for out of every one 
there arises a race of manufacturers, some of whom, by superior energy, 
attain to prominence and success. The petroleum industry in Pennsyl- 
vania developed a demand for machinery and supplies for sinkini? arte- 
sian wells, and to meet the wants of this trade the Oil Well Supply 
Company, Limited, was organized. This enterprising company now 
has three general offices: one at Pittsburgh, in charge of John Eaton 
President; another at Oil City, in charge of K. Chickering, Secretary, 
and the third at Bradford, in charge of E. T. Howes, Treasurer, and K. 
Saulnier, Assistant Treasurer; and it has now five large factories and 
thirteen stores in various parts of the oil and gas regions of Pennsyl- 
vania and Ohio, employing in all over 1300 persons. E. H. Cole, of 
82 and 84 Fulton street. New York, and E. G. Burnham, of Bridge- 
port, Connecticut, are also managers of the company. This com- 
i)anv, although distinct in many respects, is in some others united 
with the Eaton, Cole & Burnham Co., of New York City, the princi- 
pal stockholders in the two companies being the same, and the lead- 
ing officers of the New York company being managers of the Pennsyl- 
vania company. Every article needed to sink or equip an artesian 
well for either oil, water, salt or natural gas, and a large stock of pipe, 
fittings, and brass and iron goods can be found in the stores of these 
companies. 

The illustrated catalogues of these companies are magnificent works, 
and are freely distributed to all in the trade. The Pittsburgh store of 
this company is at 91 and 92 Water street, (between Wood and Market 
streets), extending through to 114 and 116 First avenue. Its extensive 
warehouse is at the corner of Railroad avenue and Twenty-first street. 



JAMES HAY. 

James Hay, Sanitary Engineer and Plumber. — The leading plumber 
and sanitary engineer of Allegheny City is James Hay, whose establish- 
ment is located at No. 11 Ohio street, (immediatelyiadjoining St. Peter's 
Pro-Cathedral), and many of the largest jobs in Allegheny and vicinity 
testify to his skill. He has had over thirty-three years practical ex- 
perience, six of which was spent in Ijondon,* England, eight in Edin- 
burgh, Scotland, and the remainder in America, giving him an experi- 
ence attained by few. Established in Allegheny since 1871, his business 
has moved steadily to the front until to-day he stands second to none in 
the two cities for first class work, and the proper sanitation of public 
and private dwellings. Sanitary science and sanitary appliances are 
making rapid progress, and Mr. Hay has recently introduced a new 
machine for testing house drains with smoke, whereby the smallest 
leak can be detected. His facilities for doing large jobs of gas and steam 
fitting are very complete, having recently supplied his shop with the 
newest machines for cutting and threading pipe up to eight inches in 
diameter, all being run by steam power; he carries a large and com- 
plete line of fittings, nipples, globe valves, etc. 

Sheet lead work is one of his specialties; the lining of agitators and 
tanks for chemical purposes with sheet lead and fused with hydrogen 
gas forms no small part of his business. In his handsome show room 
will be seen the finest selection of gas fixtures in the two cities. All 
the newest and richest designs in chandeliers, etc., finished in polished 
and antique brass, wrought iron, etc.; also a fine selection of piano and 
table lamps, and an endless variety of the newest decorated shades, cut, 
etched and engraved globes. Has constantly on hand fine plumbing 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



45 



Oil Well Supply Co., 



il,im:ite:o, 



gi and 92 Water Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. 



BURNERS, 
VAI^VES, 
STOP COCKS, 

WRENCHES, 
GAUGES, 

REGULATORS, 

AND AI,I. 

Othkr Artici.e:s 

FOR 

NATURAL GAS. 



BOILERS, 

ENGINES, 

TUBING. 




General Offices also 



AT OIL CITY, PA. and BRADFORD. PA. 

And Stores at all Prominent Points in the Oil Region 



46 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



fixtures, consistiDgof imported baths, sinks, and wash stands, the latest 
and most improved washout water closets. Experienced workmen 
combined with personal supervision insures for him a full share of the 
patronage of those desiring the best in his several lines. 



F. G. REINEMAN. 

F. G. Reineman, Nos. 52 and 54 Sixth street, the well known 
manufacturer and dealer in lodge supplies and costumes.— One of the 
most interesting establishments to be found in Pittsburgh is that of Mr. 
Reineman, by reason of the peculiar and novel character of the special 
line of industry to which he devotes himself so assiduously and pros- 
perously. This establishment will well repay a visit, and is applied to 
the manufacture, sale and hiring of fancy costumes of every possible 
description; and in the interest of supplying of the paraphernalia or 
working regalia and furniture of lodges of all descriptions, has been in 
successful operation since 1870, having been opened by the present pro- 
prietor in that year. The premises he now occupies are ample. A score 
of experienced and skillful hands are employed; this year especially, in 
the manufacturing of outfits for political campaign clubs, the trade ex- 
tending throughout the city and across AVestern Pennsylvania into the 
cities and towns of Eastern" Ohio, West Virginia, and more or less into 
the western and southern states. Special attention is given to furnish- 
ing lodges and societies with new regalia, and this is the leading house 
here engaged in the manufacture of lodge supplies, everything being 
supplied in the most satisfactory manner, and at the lowest price consis- 
tent with the quality of the material and workmanship; this novel and 
interesting establishment has become widely known and deservedly 
popular among lodges, societies and theatrical people. It has the dis- 
tinction of being one of the oldest and largest of its kind in the city, 
and as its business has always been conducted on a prompt and liberal 
basis, its patronage is of a permanent and substantial character. Mr. 
Reineman is a German by birth, but for thirty-eight years has been a 
resident of this country, giving constant and personal attention to every 
branch of his business. 

F. J. KRESS. 

F. J. Kress, Planing Mill, Box Manufacturer and Lumber Dealer, 
corner Craig and Killbuck streets, Allegheny City, Pa.— Among those 
who have attained distinction and merited recognition in this line of 
business, can be named Mr. F. J. Kress, successor to Kress & McCor- 
mick. This flourishing and well known concern was established in 
March, 1883, at the corner of Twenty-sixth and Smallman streets, 
Pittsburgh, by F. .1. Kress and L. McCormick, under the firm name of 
Kress & McCormick, who conducted it up to 1885, when the business 
passed into the sole control of Mr. F. J. Kress, who has since continued 
it with unvarying success. In December, 1886, he removed his business 
to Craig and Killbuck streets, Allegheny City, where he erected a large 
plant which he now operates. The mill building is an iron-clad struc- 
ture, 60x105 feet, completely equipped with improved appliances and 
machinery. He has on his premises a railroad siding, which is a source 
of great saving in handling his stock of lumber. The foot of his place 
adjoins the river, giving him unequalled facilities for receiving and 
shipping his material both by rail and river. His trade to-day is very 
large and substantial. He manufactures into boxes, flooring, siding, 
molding, etc., upwards of thirty cars of lumber per month, and em- 
ploys from thirty to forty skilled hands the year round. An extensive 
and valuable stock, estimated at $15,000, is constantly carried to meet 
the steadily increasing demands. 

Mr. Kress is a native of Allegheny county, is a man of push, 
ability and of sterling integrity in all his transactions, and well merits 
the large measure of public favor he now enjoys. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



47 



EDWARD RICE, 

Merchant Tailor, 

19 FEDERAL STREET, 

ALLEGHENY. 




hn 



9 



W. T. BOWN 6l BRO., 
& 11 ^eveutli Ht., Pitlsburgli, Pa. 



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4J X U 



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XI c 

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3 Cd 3 ■£ 

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c > rt a* 

♦3 w c ts 

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u t. '-' 

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cd u 



48 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ARBUCKLES & CO., Limited. 

The record of the industries of Pittsburgh furnishes many striking 
examples of brilliant commercial success achieved by her citizens, but 
we doubt if a more notable instance of this kind can be cited than that 
of the firm heading this notice. In 1859 Charles and John Arbuckle, 
then approaching man's estate, formed a co-partnership with Duncan 
McDonald, and engaged in the business of wholesale grocers in the 
building which had for so long before been occupied for the same i3ur- 
pose by the Leechs and the McAlpins, corner of Liberty and Wood 
Streets. Mr. McDonald at that time well advanced in years, naturally 
belonged to the old school of merchants, and he at once began to initiate 
his young partners in the quaint customs then in vogue and found them 
bright and willing pupils. Their progressive spirit and keen judgment, 
however, soon led them to regard many of these customs as ''more 
honored in the breach than in the observance," but, deference to the 
opinions and ideas of their older and more experienced partner, caused 
them to yield in a great measure to the then existing order. This union 
continued uneventful but prosperous until 1865, when Mr. McDonald re- 
tired and the firm of Arbuckles & Co., composed of Charles and John 
Arbuckle, succeeded. 

It is doubtful if two partners were ever better mated in business : 
Charles the senior, conservative, systematic, possessing all the qualifica- 
tions of the shrewd financier, looked carefully after the credits and finan- 
cial aftairs of the firm, while John, practical, prudent, ingenious, far-see- 
i ng, a t ireless worker, with powerful energy, and a mind capable of direct- 
ing it, brought all these forces to bear in building up, strengthening, 
and extending the business. The con ;ern now solely in their own 
hands, they applied themselves assiduously to its interests, and in doing 
so, introduced many reforms, which some of the older, and presumably 
wiser heads among their fellow business men pronounced suicidal; and 
jealous competition smiled in contemplation of the brilliant failure 
which would work what was then termed "the innovations of the 
young men." But the false prophets and the establishments over 
which they then presided now exsists only as a memory, while the 
business of the "young men" is still in the noon-day of vigor and pros- 
perity. 

Among the many departures which they at this time made from 
long established customs, may be mentioned the abolition of cartage, 
until then a fixed feature of the wholesale grocery business of Pittsburgh, 
and one that had become exceedingly obnoxious to the retail merchants 
trading here, the charges frequently being exorbitant. This step, to- 
gether with the fact of their adopting the then unobserved policy of 
quick sales, small profits, and of, offering the greatest possible induce- 
ments in the way of discounts to cash buyers, at once gained for the 
firm hosts of friends and valuable patronage. Their business divested 
of fogy fashions and fully abreast of the times, they inaugurated a 
vigorous and successful war against sophisticated goods of all kinds, 
but more especially against adulterated spices and coffees, then so com- 
mon in this market, and established the "Pure Coffee and Spice Mills," 
now so familiarly known in all sections of the United States. 

It was at this time that they began the business of coffee roasting, 
an industry then in its infancy, and at the start made it a rule, to which 
they have ever since strictly adhered, to roast none but sound, healthful, 
pure and fragrant coffee. The avidity with which the trade and con- 
sumers patronized their goods suggested to John Arbuckle the prudence 
of placing a distinguishing mark on their roasted coffees as thej^ had on 
their ground spices, and after mature deliberation he concluded to put 
them up in one pound paper packages, with the firm name, Arbuckles 
& Co., printed thereon, and this idea met with the prompt approval of 
his brother. He also devised and patented a process which, by the aid 
of certain simple and healthful ingredients applied to the berry after 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



49 



Assets over $120,000,000. 



THE LARGEST COMPANY IN THE WORLD. 



The Mutual Life Insurance Go. 



OF NEW YORK. 



R A. IVtoOURDY 



President. 



W. F*. WOOLDRIDaE, 



District Agent for Western Pennsylvania. 



No. 49 Fifth Avenue, 



Pittsburgh, Pa. 










B4 



50 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



roasting, sealed its pores, and siu'ct'ssfull>- retained the strength, flavor 
and aroma of the coffee, as well as serving the pnrpose of a thorough 
clarifying agent. Putting up their roasted coffees in oue pound jmpers 
with their name printed thereon, the discovery of the process named, 
and the uniform custom of selecting and I'oasthig only those coffees of 
known purity, strength and aroma are the principal factors which have 
brought about the unparalleled success of this, their leading and world- 
known specialty. 

Encouraged l)y the popularity their specialties won in this section 
they decided on extending their field of operations and in 1860 estab- 
Ushed in New York a large coffee roasting plant under the firm name of 
Arbuckle Brothers, John Arbuckle taking immediate charge of it, and 
permanently locating there. Some nine years later, Charles Arbuckle 
also removed to New York to take active part in the conducting of theii' 
business in that city, which even at that time had grown to an extent 
far exceeding their most sanguine expectations. In leaving he placed 
the Pittsburgh house imder the management of reliable and experienced 
men, some of whom had l)een identified with it from its early history 
and who continue to administer its affairs in strict accordance with the 
views and masterly ideas of the proprietors. Although devoting so 
much time and labor to their leading specialty, roasted coffee, they have 
not for a moment neglected their wholesale grocery Inisiness, as may be 
seen by tlie pul)lished business returns of the Pittsburgh wholesale 
grocers for veai- ending April 1, 1888, which place Arbuckles & Co., 
Limited, at the head of the list, their sales being fixed at $2,000,000. 
No better evidence <^f the great and well deserved success of this firm 
need be asked than is found in this, the centennial year of Allegheny 
County, in the scNeral handsome business blocks bearing the name of 
Arbuckles that adorn our city and which stand as enduring monuments 
of their energy and enterprise; while existing evidence of a similar 
cliaracter attest with even greater emphasis, their commercial properly- 
in New Y'ork. 



A. G. CAMPBELL & SONS. 

A. G. Campbell & Sons, No. 710 Penn Avenue, Penn Building.— 
Among the prominent Dry (iroods establishments in this city which 
have in a short space of time assumed large proportions and may be 
said to exert considerable influence in this direction, must be mentioned 
the house of A. G. Campbell & Sons, members of which are A. G. 
Campbell, Sr., A. G. Campbell, Jr., and J. G. Campbell, started 
August 22, 1887. The store is centrally located at 710 Penn Avenue, 
between Seventh and Eighth Streets, in the imposing structure known 
as the Penn Building. The room is unsurpassed in Pittsburgh for 
carrying on an extensive retail business, both as regards light and ven- 
tilation, which make it a most pleasant place for ladies to shop. The 
departments are many, principal of which are Hosiery and Underwear, 
Ladies' and Childreiis' and Mens' Furnishings of every description; 
Notions and the Celebrated Butterrick Patterns and Publiciitions. There 
is also connected with this house one of the most perfectly managed 
manufacturing departments to be found; one of which is confined to 
ladies dressmaking and the other to the making up of infants' and 
children's goods. Also, ladies' night and muslin underwear. Both de- 
partments are under the personal supervision of Mrs. A. G, CAMPBEi.ii, 
neeMias .I.e. Pitcairn, who has had an experience in Pittsburgh of 
thirty years. The members of the firm received their experience from 
the large house of Arnold, Constable & Co., New York. They are uni- 
versally respected and abundantly worthy of the large measure of siu'cess 
attending their well-directed eft'orts. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



51 



BEST BRANDS OF 

Minnesota and Ohio 
—NEW- 
PROCESS FLOURS. 

Canned Fruits, 

Vegetables 
and Soaps. 

Fresh Farinaceous 

GOODS. 

Non-Alcoholic 
Summer Beverages. 

Natural 
Mineral Waters. 

Housekeepers' 

Sundries. 

GEO. G. 

Stevenson S Co. 




—FOR— 

PIC-NICS, 

Lunches 

AND 

EXgURglONg, 

Boned Chickens, 
Boned Turkey, 

Lunch Tongue, 

Lunch Ham, 

Deviled Hams, 

Imp. Sardines, 

Pates of Game. 
Pickles, Olives. 

Potato Chips, 

Fine Crackers 

AND 

Cakes in Tin Boxes. 

Fine Groceries and 
Table Delicacies. 

Sixth ]|venue. 



LONGFELLOW, ALDEN & HARLOW, 

^roliiteots, 

, 1 6 Stevenson Building, - - - - Pittsburgh, Pa. 
6 Bagon Street, Boston, Mass. 



A. W. LONr.FELLuW, Ik 



F. E. ALDEN. 



A. B. HARI.OW 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

The Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company, of Newark, N. J., F. 
'1\ Lusk, State Agent, No. 88 Fourth Avenue.— Tlie agency of the 
above well known Company was not established in Pittsburgh until 
18G5. Its advent was the ushering in of a new era in the history of lite 
insurance in Westc^rn Pennsylvania. Immediately it stepped to the fore- 
most rank among the agencies of life underwriting in this city, although 
ail the companies shared in the stimulating influences which its coming 
imparted to the business. In amount of insurance written, of losses 
paid and of dividends returned, it has hitherto led all its competitors. 
In the item of policy claims matured and paid, the Company has dis- 
bursed, through the Pittsburgh agency alone, the magniticent sum of 
12,40(1,000, exceeding by over three-quarters of a million the next largest 
amount paid by any other company. Such phenomenal success, won 
amid the sharp competition of the largest and most popular companies of 
this country has not been accidental. It is the tribute of intelligence 
and thrift to a Company whose every characteristic bespeaks a single 
purposes to furnish insurance that insures at lowest possible cost and on 
principk s of perfect mutuality. The records of the various State Depart- 
ments of insurance will show that in the fundamental matter of low ex- 
penses of management and the closely related item of large dividends 
to members, the Mutual Benefit Life is at present and for many years 
has been without a peer. The full significance of the preceding state- 
ment will not be appreciated unless it is borne in mind that these re- 
sults have been attained by methods of insurance which totally elimi- 
nate every possibility of forfeiture. Never before has the principles of 
non-forfeiture been made so prominent. Every company proclaims in 
boldest type on all its literature that all its policies are uon-forf citable. 
At the same time it may be truthfully asserted that never before have 
there been devised and pressed upon the public attention so many forms 
of so-called insurance, which derive all their attractiveness from wild 
estimates of profits to be realized from the forfeiture of both insurance 
and surplus payments. From all such speculative schemes the Mutual 
Benefit has stood aloof. Every policy holder is guaranteed impartial 
treatment. Alter two years payments all accumulations of value in a 
policy are available for these options : (1). To keep the policy in force 
at full face figures until exhausted. (2). To purchase a paid-up policy 
of equivalent value. (3). To provide a loan for temporary relief, or (4) 
They may be wholly withdrawn in cash and the insurance canceled. 
No company has attained better results from its investments. Up 
to January,* 1888, it had received in premiums $116,492,685.99. It 
had returned to policyholders and their representatives 197,539,084.01. 
It held assets amounting to $42,111,233,33. Adding the last two items 
gives an aggregate exceeding by $23,157,681.35 the entire amount con- 
tributed by policy holders. In other words the Company's invest- 
ments have yielded sufficient returns to pay all expenses and taxes 
for 43 years and still to add to the policy holder's fund for the fulfill- 
ment of existing contracts, the above munificent sum. No higher 
eulogium could be pronounced than the silent tribute of these figures 
to the ability and integrity of those who have administered this responsi- 
ble trust. The IMttsburgh Agency for the last twenty years has been 
in charge of F. T. Lusk. Its past history and present condition 
sufficiently attest his entire competency for tlie position he has held so 
long. Intimately familiar with the principles and practice of life insur- 
ance, of large int\)rmation as to the standing and working of other com- 
panies as well as his own, and of an integrity altogether trustworthy, he 
may be implicitly relied upon as both a competent and safe guide by 
all who may need counsel in matters relating to insurance. Office, 83 
Fourth Avenue, Sale Deposit Building. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 53 




Asbestos Cement, 
Hot Blast, Mineral 
Wool, Hair Felt. As- 
bestos Goods ut all 
kinds. 

Reed's Celebrated 
Sectional Covering. 



TELEPHONE 1628. 



JOHN A. McCONNELL & CO. 

Steam Pipe and Boiler Coverings, Fire- Proofing, 

69 Water Street, Between Market & Ferry sts., Pittsburgh, Pa, 



THOMAS FOX 



•DEALER IN- 



Saw Mill Kun Coal, 

NUT COAL AND SLACK, 

Stone, Brick, Lime and Sand, 
^EW'L CoplTRAdTOI^g for lV|AgO]\!RV and ^TOflE WOR^. 

General Hauling. All Orders Promptly Attended to. 

121 WABASH AVENUE, 

Thirty-Sixth Ward, South Side, P I XTS B U RG ti . 



GEO. BINGHAM, Chairman. HENRY AVERMANN, Sec'y and Treas. 

phffin^ ^alvanizinj Co., Limited, 

28, 30, 32 & 34 PENN AVENUE, 

TELEPHONE NO. 576. I'lTTiSIiURCiH, L'^V. 

SPEC I A lty: 

GALVA.NIZERS Galvanizing Hoop, Rod and 

Sheet Iron, Pipe, Coal Hods, Plumbert,' Materials, Pails. Elevator Buck- 
ets, Wire Work, Nails, Bolts, Spikes, Chains, &c. 



54 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



NIMICK & BRITTAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 

No. 411 Wood Street, Pittsburgh, Pa.— When Livingston, a part- 
ner of Fairbanks at St. Johnsbury, Vt., onuie to this city, some 
forty years ago, and built the Novelty Works, it was generally be- 
lieved that a new era in industrial lines had dawned upon Pittsburgh. 

The new enterprise, which proposed to work up the heavy weight 
])roducts of our iron industries into household necessities, scales and 
builders' hardware, was warmly welcomed, and its career for a score 
or more of years showed that the times were fully ripe here for the 
manufacture of something more than the crude iron and steel which 
made this the center in their line of trade. The great success of the 
Novelty Works, in the year 1857, brought into the field a lively compe- 
titor in the shape of a stock company under the title of Jones & Nimick, 
whose works were located on Diamond street, between Smithfield and 
Grant. This business enterprise, with Alexander Nimick for President, 
and J. Harvey Jones as General Manager, entered upon its career with 
the manufacture of a cheap line of door locks and latches as their spec- 
ialty. In the 3'ear 1870 fire put an end to this enterprise, and in '72 it was 
reorganized under the title of the Jacobus & Nimick Manufacturing Com- 
pany. After a prosperous career of five years the second edition also 
went up in smoke, in the year 1877. 

It was then resolved by the company to fix their stakes outside of 
the city, and, in 1878, buildings were erected on the Panhandle road, 
this side of Mansfield, since which time Lockton, a name derived from 
the business, has been the center of one of Pittsburgh's great manufac- 
turing industries. The original President of this business enterprise, 
Alex. Nimick, still occupies the chair. In the year '73 the old Novelty 
Works, founded by Livingston, were burned, and were never reorgan- 
ized. The good will and what few old traps and machinery were saved 
from the fire, were purchased by the Jacobus & Nimick establishment, 
and the Novelty AVorks became a thing of the past. In 1882 Jacobus 
withdrew from the firm, and from that day to this it has been the 
Nimick & Brittan Manufacturing Company, the officers thereof being 
Messrs. Nimick, Brittan and Graham. They are especially qualified to 
conduct this business upon a scale of magnitude andata liigh standard 
of excellence nowhere else attempted, bringing to bear as they do the 
Avidest possible range of practical experience, coupled with an intimate 
knowledge of the wants of the trade. The company's manufactory is 
eligibly situated on the line of the Panhandle railroad, some eight 
miles from the city, the various structures covering an area of upwards 
of seven acres. 

The enormous products include all descriptions of builders' hard- 
>\ are, including such staple goods in universal demand as door locks 
and knobs, escutcheons, latches, butts, sash locks and lifts, shutter bars 
and shutter knobs, bell pulls, flush bolts, also padlocks and scales in 
vast variety. The President of the company, Mr. Nimick, was born in 
Pittsburgh, and has here, in his native city," materially aided in devel- 
oping what is without exception the largest industry of the kind in the 
United States. He is universally popular and respected, and is a pub- 
li(;-spirited and enterprising manufacturer. Mr. Brittan, the Manager, 
has been identified with the hardware trade over thirty years and is 
one of the best known hardware men in the country; his thorough 
knowledge of the trade in builders' hardware renders him peculiarly 
well qualified to represent his corporation to the trade of the world. 
yir. Graham, the Secretary, was born in this city and, though a young 
]nan, has achieved marked success in commercial life and has contri- 
buted very largely to the company's success. 

The operations of the Company are conducted with a zealous i-egard 
for the interest of the patrons, while business relations with it are cer- 
tain to become as pleasant as they W4II be profitable and satisfactory to 
all concerned. 



ALLEGHENY GOUNTY CENTENNIAL. 55 



D. LXJTZ & ©ON, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

The Malt and Hops are strictly choice goods used in its manufacture. 
These Breweries are equipped with the most improved machinery. 

LION BREWERY, ALLEGHENY BREWERY, 

Cor. Vinial and Villa Streets. Cor, Chestnut St. & Spring Garden Ave. 

Office, Cor, Chestnut St. and Spring Garden Avenue, 

ALLEGHENY, PA. 

Kstablislied A.. D. 1856. 



Iron City Bridge Works. 



C. J. SCHULTZ, PROPRIETOR 



p. O. ADDRESS, 

McKee's Rocks, Pa. 



^ITHTSBUI^GH, ©A. 



Iron Roofs, 

Iron Bridges, 

Iron Nlill Bnildings. 

Works, Charliers Station, P. & L. E, R. R. 



56 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



DAULER, CLOSE & JOHNS. 

Dauler, Close & Johus, Manufacturers of Plain and Artistic Furni- 
ture, etc., full line of Bedding and Upholstery— The prominence of Pitts- 
burgh's mercantile interests is due to the distinguished enterprise and 
energy of her leading business men, and no branch of her various 
interests deserves a more prominent i)art in a review of this description 
than furniture making. The nature of the industry" necessitates the ex- 
ercise of the highest order of talent and skill, and the use of the very 
choicest materials. No house in this part of the country occupies in 
this regard a more prominent position than that of Messrs. Dauler, 
('lose & Johns, No. 630 Smithfield street. Where but a few years ago 
stood an old three-story building rears now their magnificent warerooms, 
and passers-by recognize it at once as one of the most imposing structures 
in the two cities. Their business was started on a small scale in 1837, by 
INIessrs. Hammer & Dauler; they were in 1869 succeeded by G. H. 
Dauler & Sons, who in turn were, in 1880, succeeded by the present 
firm. No branch of the business is unrepresented here, and a visit to 
their beautiful store is a treat no one interested in their business should 
miss. Their salesrooms occupy a floor space of 110x30, five stories in 
height, while in the rear their workshops are located, and here from 
fifty to sixty men find constant employment. Their trade extends all 
over the United States, and with a constantly increasing demand for 
their specialties, viz: desks and dining room furniture, the firm may 
well take a rosy view of the future. The energy and zeal of the indi- 
vidual members are too well known to require comment; an honorable 
policy has brought its own reward, and has placed tlie establishment of 
Messrs. Dauler, Close & Johns in the front rank of the representative 
industrial establishments of the United States. They fully deserve suc- 
cess, and we cordially recommend them to our numerous readers. 



HOPE BISCUIT WORKS. 

A. R. Speer & Co., Hope Biscuit Works, 321-325 East street, and 
222-226 Howard street, Allegheny City, a sketch of which is shown 
among our illustrations, is operated by A. R. Speer and W. R. Moor- 
house, under the firm name of A. R. Speer & Co. They are manufac- 
turers of every variety of crackers and cakes. Although but two years 
in this business, their history has been one of steady growth and popu- 
larity. A visit to their well equipped factory will show you what push 
and enterprise will do. They are running their very complete factory 
to its utmost capacity, and are contemplating extensive additions to sup- 
ply the growing demand for these very popular crackers. Their goods 
can be found throughout the States of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, 
West Virginia and Kentucky. 



LUTZ BROS. 

Lutz Bros., Manufacturers of all varieties of pickled goods and family 
condiments, have truly earned the sentiment, " through sterling merit 
we achieve success," being now the head of tJie small beginning of Julian 
J. Lutz, of Sharpsburg, in 1883. The increasing demand for good and 
pure goods made increased facilities a necessity. Hence the estiiblish- 
ment of the mammoth building, 68 to 74 Maiii Street, corner Cherry, 
Allegheny, which as yet, together with the parent head at Shari>s- 
burg, is too small to fill the constantly increasing demand for their 
goods, which they have dejnands for that arc taxing tlieir present 
capacity to its utmost. The present firm is composed of Julian J. Lutz, 
.loseph Schrannn and Jacob Lutz, all young men of earnest push and 
strict fidelity to business principles. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



John Tibby. 



Wm. Tibby. Matt. Tibby. 

TIBBY BROTHERS, 

Manufacturers of all kinds of 

^lin.t G-la,ss 

PRESCRIPTION VIALS, 

Panel, Cologne and Pomade Bottles, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 




'process f ron) otjeetl^^, 
PKo'togr<KpK5 orW<K5K 
/ ^7l)r^win^^Writt for V 



i-r-f-SvSv^HGK-'PA 



58 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

ALFRED E. WINDSOR & CO. 

Alfred E.Windsor & Co., West End avenue, Allegheny City.— This 
firm make a specialty of granite monumental work, embracing monu- 
ments, statuary, sarcophagi tombs and mousoleums, and are enabled to 
supply the finest work in this most beautiful and durable material. 

It has been said by a l-earned writer that "a garden cemetery and 
monumental decoration afford the most convincing proof of a nation's 
progress in civilization, and the arts which are its results. The tomb, 
in fact, has been the great chronicler of taste throughout the world." 
And that it is as equally true of individual localities as it is of nations, 
may be evidenced by a stroll through any of our cemeteries, where may 
be seen the progress which has been made in this respect in our own 
county during the last century. From the plain marble or stone slab 
headmark of the early days to the elegant and massive granite tomb or 
monument of modern times, is surely an evidence of progress in artistic 
taste in the matter of sepulchral ornamentation. 

Of all the materials used in the construction of monumental work 
granite seems to be the most durable. The best Italian marble will sooji 
lose its smooth finish in this changeable climate, and a few years' ex- 
posure to sudden frosts and thaws are sufficient to seriously damage 
and often destroy the finest monuments constructed of this otherwise 
beautiful material. The best granite quarries in Europe are found in 
kScotland and Sweden; while in the United States the most celebrated 
are theWesterly, R. I., and Quincy, Mass., granites, which are to be seen 
in every city and cemetery of any importance. These granites, es- 
pecially the higher grades, possess a superior formation, being free from 
blemishes or stains of any kind — the particles composing them being 
firmer and closer than any granite of like formation, and are, undoubt- 
edly, the most imperishable and beautiful material known. Messrs. 
Windsor & Co. use these granites almost exclusively, but can furnish all 
other first-class New England granites. This firm possess superior 
facilities for executing all orders in the most prompt and satisfactory 
manner. They also give especial attention to the work of original de- 
signs, and many of the handsome monuments seen in our cemeteries 
were constructed from designs furnished by this firm. Their business 
was established in 1861 by Mr. Geo. W. Windsor (father of Messrs. A. 
E. and W. W. Windsor, the present members of the firm), and was 
conducted by him until his death, in 1875, at which time his sons be- 
came his successors. Since then they have largely increased their grounds 
and workshops, and are fully prepared to complete in the very highest 
style of art any work committed to their hands. Both members of the 
firm are experienced and capable business men, who conduct all their 
affairs in a straightforward manner, by fulfilling all their obligations 
promptly in every detail, giving good, substantial and artistic work at 
reasonable prices and guaranteeing satisfaction to the purchaser. 



RAWSTHORNE BROS. 

Rawsthorne Bros., Designers and Engravers on Wood, No. 94 Fifth 
Avenue. — One of the leading and most thorough representative firms in 
this line in Pittsburg is that of Messrs. Rawsthorne Bros. They have 
been established since October 20, 1885, having at that date succeeded 
the J. Beswick Co. Both the Messrs. Rawsthorne were born in Eng- 
land and came to this country ten years ago. They are artists of marked 
ability and have already won an excellent reputation. Mr. Robert 
Rawsthorne learned his trade under W. A. Emerson, the world-famed 
author and publisher of valuable works on wood engraving. Mr. Leon- 
ard Rawsthorne was for a number of years employed as a designer at 
Manchestei", England. Both gentlemen bring to bear a wide range of 
practical experience and are prepared to execute the finest class of 
wood engraving and designing in the promptest and most satisfactory 
manner. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 59 



ESTABI^ISHED l&SV. 



Dauler, Close & Johns, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



PARLOR, OFFICE AND BED ROOM 

FURNITURE, 

630 Smithfleld Street, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



Specialties : 



Fine Wardrobes, Side Boards, Book Cases, 

Mattresses and Spring Beds. 



Hartley & Marshall, 

MINERS AND SHIPPERS OF 

SAW MILL RUN GOAL. 

Daily Capacity of Mines, 1000 Tons. 

It is Pittsburgh's Best Gas and Steam Coal, and for a family Coal has 

no superior. 
Prompt Shipments to all points reached by P. & L. E. R. R. and 

connections. 



ALLEGHENY GAS WORKS, 

Allegheny, Pa., ApriUtb, 1888. 

To Hartley 8c Marshall : 

Gents; I consider your Coal a very good Gas Coal. Tiie lumps will yield o. 1.5 cubic ft., and 

the nut from 4.G to 4.7 cubic ft. to the pound. The illuminating power is from 14>^ to 15 candles. 

Yours respectfully, 

ROB'T YOUNG, Eng'r and Sup't. 



60 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

BINDLEY HARDWARE CO. 

This is tlie leading house in this hne. The business was founded by 
John England, in 185(5. It was changed to the firm name of England & 
Bindley by the accession of John Bindley, in the year 1868, and so con- 
tinued until 1878, in which year Mr. Bindley purchased Mr. p]ngland's 
entire interest in the concern and floated out on the sea of prosperity 
alone, under the name of Bindley Hardware Co. That the business has 
been successful under his individual ownership and management is pre- 
eminently attested by the present extensive and steadily increasing 
volume of trade which the firm enjoys, covering the territory between 
the oceans and from the dominion on the north to the gulf on the south. 
They occupy the extensive warehouses of twelve floors, located at Nos. 46 
and*48 Seventh Avenue, having a floor capacity of 50,000 sc^uare feet, (to 
which also is to be added their large storehouse on Fountain Street.) The 
main buildings are fitted up with steam elevators, both passenger and 
freight, and all other appliances and apparatus conducive to quick dis- 
patch in the transaction of business. 

The unique and successful feature in this establishment is its 
thorough organization and division into departments, each having a 
thoroughly competent party at its head who is responsible for all the 
transactions relating thereto, subordinates reporting to and through said 
"charge hands or heads." The proper manipulation of any extensive 
luisiness seems to necessitate this manner of conducting it, and nowhere 
is the value of this system more clearly illustrated than here. 

The stock consists of a complete line of general hardware, including 
mill and R. R. supplies, machinists, carpenters, contractors and black- 
smiths' tools, farming implements, cutlery, plated ware and house fur- 
nishing goods. A specialty with them is builders' fine hardware. They 
originate special designs and patterns, and the most imposing structures 
furnished by them will amply demonstrate their ability in this line. 

It is especially worthy of notice that from the two parties owning 
and doing the business themselves in 1868, the business has so increased 
as to carry on its pay roll to-day fifty names, each of whom is as busily 
and assiduously engaged in doing their part as were the two individuals 
of 1868. 

The strong hold of the firm seems to be the possession of the happy 
faculty of retaining the utmost confidence of its patrons, which in the 
present age of activity, enlightenment and business tact now possessed 
by the trade is only accomplished by thorough uprightjiess and integrity 
and which at the same time must be, and here has been, accompanied 
by the manifestation of an accommodating spirit. 



GEO. K. STEVENSON & CO. 

Geo. K. Stevenson & Co., Dealers in Fine Groceries and Table Deli- 
cacies. — This well equipped grocery establishment, with its complete as- 
sortment of food products, table luxuries, etc., now conducted by Geo. 
K. Stevenson & Co., succeeded John Porterfield & Co. in 1884, who, in 
turn succeeded William Holmes & Co., in 1868, the business then being 
carried on at the old stand, corner of First avenue and Market street. 
The present firm occupy the storeroom of the new Stevenson building, 
a six-story brick and granite structure on Sixth avenue, oj^posite Trinity 
church, and contiguous to the new Duquesne Club building. They have 
recently erected, and now have in operation, in Washington county, a 
first class creamery, and as they receive butter daily, are prepared to 
supply the consumer with a fresh and pure article. 

From the pioneer grocery store of fifty years ago, conducted by Wm. 
Holmes & Co., cojitaining a com])aralively meagre aesortment for the 
housekeei)er to select from, has evolved the complete establishment of 
to-day, with its immense variety of the necessities of life, and a tlious- 
and-and-one delicacies to tempt the palate. 

Visitors to the city should not fail to visit this capacious building 
and store. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



61 



THE 



/ETNA LIFE l|l^UI(AWdE (!OMp]\NY 



OF HARTFORD, CONN. 



ASSETS. JAN. 1, 1888, 



$32,620,676.76. 



r By ("onnecticut, Massachusetts and New ^ _ 

miRPl [IS- York Standard, - $5,427,623.40, 

O U IV 1 i^ U O . 1^ ^^ standard of most States, - 7,319,000.00, 

I^A.^^E:rw^^ «fe CI^OXJJ?i«lL:, ^Managers, 

Office, Corner Fourth Avenue and Market Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. 



>(<BVFfvlM 



Co 




Zo()-^Z\\ MMCKfl'T y^ 






KSTA.BT.ISHP:r> 1845. 



THOMAS BARNES, PROPRIETOR. 

BARNES SAFE AND LOCK CO. 

Successors to THOMAS I'.ARNKS and BURKE & BARNKS, 
Manufacturers of Improved Fire and Burglar-Proof 

VAULT DOORS AND BANK LoicRS, 



124, 126, 127, 129 & 131 Third Ave. 



Pittsburgh, Pa. 



BETWEEN WOOD AND SMITHFIELD STS. 



62 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE PITTSBURGH LEADER. 

The Pittsburgh Leader^ daily and Sunday, is the brightest, spiciest 
paper, not only in Pittsburg, but in Pennsylvania, and these editions 
contain more news than can be found in the columns of any other papei- 
in Western Pennsylvania. The paper has also special features and 
faciUties for news gathering not attainable by any of its rivals, and in 
addition has earned fame, popularity and prosperity by the utterly fear- 
less course it has taken on all questions of the day, whether local or 
national. Instances of the Leader^ a influence in local, state and national 
aftairs are innumerable, but among the few which may be mentioned 
are the nomination— and election — of Mayor Blackmore, the election of 
William C. McCarthy to the office of City Controller, the election of 
Eustace H. Morrow to" the same office, and the election of Joseph 8tokely 
to the office of County Commissioner. 

The Leader not only advocated the election of Mayor Blackmore, 
but on the evening of the election day published full reports of the 
vote up to the hour of going to press, showing that Mr. Blackmore was 
leading in every district in Pittsburg with the exception of two or three. 
This had the effect of turning every wavering voter in his favor and un- 
doubtedly was the cause of his success. When Mr. McCarthy was 
elected Chy Controller, W^ R. Ford had been nominated for the office 
l>y the Republicans, but the Leader warned them that he would not be 
elected, and suggested the nominaticn of Mr. McCarthy. The result was 
that Mr. Ford was pulled down and Mr. McCarthy was nominated and 
elected. 

The Leader was also the first paper to mention Mr. Morrow^ and 
other papers coming to his support, he, too, was successful, and has been 
City Controller ever since. The /ycacZey also advocated Mr. 8tokely's 
cause, and made the fight for him almost unaided, stating that the in- 
terests of honesty and reform demanded his election, and, in the face of 
the most bitter opposition, scored another victory. The Sunday Leader 
was founded by the late John W. Pittock, in JJecember, 1864, and the 
first copy of the Evening Leader^ of which John W. Pittock, Col. John 
I. Neviii, R. P. Nevin and Edwin H. Nevin were proprietors, was issued 
October 11, 1870. Mr. Pittock died in 1880, and in 1882 the Leader 
merged into a corporation known as the Leader Publishing Company, 
of which Col. John I. Nevin was the head and front until his death, 
which occurred January 5, 1884. Since then the evening and Sunday 
Leader have continued to outstrip their contemporaries and flourish in 
unexampled prosperity, not only in Pittsburg, but in the surrounding 
towns and villages in Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio. The 
Leader has a splendid corps of correspondents distributed throughout 
the United States, in additioji to the service of the ever alert United 
Press, and has also by two-fold the largest corps of local reporters. The 
resent officers of the Leader Publishing Company are T. W. Nevin, 
lesident, and .loseph T. Nevin, Secretary and Treasurer. 



1^' 



W. T. BOWN & BROTHER. 



W. T. Bown & Brother, Coffee Roasting Mills, Nos. 9 and 11 Seventh 
Street. — Special mention should be made of this well-known and popular 
establishment. It was founded in 1869, and has since been conducted 
with unbroken success. One of the principal features of their business 
is roasting and packing the various brands of (H)ftees kept by the whole- 
sale trade of the city. Upright and honorable in all their transactions, 
and being withal nien of energy and enterprise, they have been enabled 
to build up the large and prosperous trade they to-day enjoy, and whicl* 
gives evidence of steady and substantial increase. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



63 




64 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



A. J. LOGAN & CO. 

A. J. Logan & Co., manufacturers! of mattresses aud bedding, 
Third Avenue and Chancery Lane, Pittsburgh. An examination of the 
leading industiles of Pittsburgh reveals the fact that there are some 
houses which are justly entitled representative in consequence of the 
prominence they have achieved in their particular line of business. One 
of those great representative establishments which by worthily sustain- 
ing the sujiremacy in its line is rendering Pittsburgh nationally famous 
is the widely and* favorably known house of A. J. Logan & Co., manu- 
facturers of mattresses and bedding, corner of Third Avenue and 
('hancery Lane, the development of which, within a few years, has been 
on a scale of magnitude that has rarely been duplicated elsewhere. It 
has been steadily pushing to the front, and to-day stands as the leading 
representative house in their line in the county. Their establishment is 
celebrated for the completeness of the selections offered in every depart- 
ment, tlie variety and adaptability of design and the excellence and 
perfect linish of material. The superiority of their goods is generally 
recognized, with a corresponding demand, while no inferior or shoddy 
articles are manufactured here. Their elegant, new six-story M'arehouse 
is located, as before stated, on Third Avenue and Chancery Lane, in 
the great mercantile centre of the city. This building is erected on a 
lot ()lx85 feet, and is fitted up on a plan in perfect accord with their large 
an<l ever increasing business. The premises are admirably arranged 
and ec^uipped with the latest appliances, machinery, elevators, etc., used 
in the manufacture of their goods, and for the accommodation and dis- 
play of an extensive stock of mattresses and bedding, etc. Only the best 
and most reliable goods are handled, and everything is warranted to be 
exactly as represented. They have a capacity to manufacture about 1*50 
mattresses daily, and give constant employment to between forty and 
fifty persons. They also manufacture a large variety of pillows, and deal 
extensively as jobbers in feathers, springs, beds and a general line of 
bedding supplies. Their trade extends to all parts of Pennsylvania, 
Ohio, West Virginia and Maryland. 

Mr. A. J. Logan, the head of the firm, is a young but active and 
thorough-going business man, and an authority on all matters relating 
to the furniture and mattress business. Being a public-spirited citizen, 
ever alert to promote Pittsburgh's best interest, he was selected by the 
Furniture Dealers' Association to represent them on the Centennial Com- 
ihittee, and a more able representative could not have been found. He 
is also Treasurer of the Pittsburgh and Allegheny City Furnitui-e Ex- 
change. The influence exercised by this house lias been of the most 
salutary and useful character, and those establishing relations with it 
may depend upon receiving just and liberal treatment and advantages 
diflHcult to be secured elsewhere. 

FAIRBANKS & CO. 

Fairbanks & Co., Manufacturers of Scales, Trucks, Barrows, etc, 
No. 48 Wood street. — During the last half century many weighing 
mac^hines have been invented and manufactured, but to the Fairbanks 
scales the foremost place among all competitors has been universally ac- 
corded by the verdict of experts and competent judges. These unrivaled 
scales are in use in every part of the civilized world where commerce 
extends, and have become the standards for all nations. The Pittsburgh 
warehouse is located at No. 48 Wood street, and (u)mi)rises a splendid 
four-story building, 22x150 feet in dimension-, admirably arranged and 
completely stocked with the productions of the Fairbanks ( -onipany. 
In addition to scales the company handles trucks, barrows, inspirators, 
Miller's locks, cash drawers, wind mills, railroad water tanks, tank fix- 
tures, steam pumps, etc., which are unsurpassed for ((uality, workman- 
ship, utility and general excellence by tliose of any other first-class 
house in this country or Europe. Mr. L. 8. Moore, the manager in 
Pittsburgh, is highly esteemed in commercial circles for liis business 
ability and strict integrity. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



65 



A. J. LOGAN 5i CO. 




pialliesses aql Beldii 

Third Avenue and Chancery Lane, 



J 



PITXSBUROti 



Bs 



66 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

THE A. FRENCH SPRING CO., LIMITED. 

Elliptic and spiral springs of all description is an inaportant industry. 
This is prosecuted on a large scale by the A. French Spring Co., Limited, 
being the successors of A. French & Co. and the Culmer Spring Co. 
This specialty was originally started in this city by Mr. Aaron French in 
1864, in a small shop on Liberty street, opposite the Union Depot. Some 
years later a partnership was formed by Mr. French with Mr. Calvin 
Wells, under the firm name of A. French & Co. That firm continued 
the manufacture of Elliptic Railway Springs only until July 24, 1884. 
The Culmer Spring Co. was started'in 1873, for the purpose of manufac- 
turing Spiral Springs, and they continued the business until April, 1881, 
when they were bought out by the parties who formed the French Spiral 
Spring Co., Limited. This company continued until July 24, 1884, 
wlien they formed the company of the A. French Spring Co., Limited, 
the earlier company of A. French & Co. being also merged in the new 
company, which was formed to manufacture springs of all descriptions, 
and the present prosperous condition of the works indicates that the 
combination was a step in the right direction. 

The A. French Spring Co., Limited, is at present, doubtless, the 
largest concern in the world engaged exclusively in the manufacture of 
springs. It has double the capacity of any similar concern in the United 
States, having three mills, as are shown in vignettes in the illustration 
of the works on another page. These mills are fitted up with the most 
expensive and latest improved machinery, which gives great facilities 
for not only rapid work but perfect finish. These three mills cover an 
area of over two acres, and are models for the purpose for which they 
were designed. The company have a paid-up capital of $500,000; they 
employ 150 hands, and have a capacity of 15,000 tons of finished springs 
per annum; nearly all the passenger cars in the United States are 
equipped with springs made by this concern, and the reputation of the 
product of these works is not approached by any other similar company 
in the country. 



EMIL LOOS. 

Emil Loos, Fresco, House and Sign Painter, Kalsomining, etc., 94 
Fourth avenue, Pittsburg. — Among the foremost and best known ex- 
ponents of the painter's trade in Pittsburg may be named the enterpris- 
ing gentleman whose name heads this notice. Painting is one of the 
most important business interests of Pittsburg, and no one engaged in 
this branch is better able to give perfect satisfaction than Emil Loos. 
Commencing in 1880 on a very small scale, Mr. Loos has in a few years 
advanced to a position, in his line, second to none in the country. It 
would occupy considerable more space than we are able to spare were 
we to give a list of the public buildings, as well as the private residences, 
that can bear witness to Mr. Loos' skill. Let it suffice to mention the 
new Court House. When that magnificent structure was sufficiently 
advanced for the painter's brush, the County Commissioners solicited 
bids from the master painters of this and other cities, and from among 
the many bidders selected Mr. Loos. That the choice fell on the right 
man anybody who has visited the Court House since its completion will 
testify. The rotunda, the hall ways, court rooms, offices, in short, every 
nook and corner of that building shows what a skillful mind can pro- 
duce. The symmetry of the colors and the evenness of the work stands 
as an everlasting tribute to Mf. Loos' skill as an artist and superintend- 
ent. Mr. Loos was born in Germany, but came to this country at a 
very early age, and at once settled in Pittsburg. He is one of our self- 
made men. Social and liberal in all business transactions, Mr. Loos has 
retained his old customers for so long a time that his reputation for hon- 
orable dealing is established beyond praise, and he well deserves the 
substantial success he is achieving. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



VESUVIUS iRun Rno nnii; uiurks. 

Moorhead, Brotlier & Co. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Bar, Boiler, Sheet, Tank: and Sk:elp 



IRON 



lX.4.II^SSi OF .4.1^1^ SIZES. * 

Office and Warehouse : 
64, 66 & 68 Anderson St., A.llegl:ieiiy. 

50ST OPFIGB pDDI^BSS, I^IfprpSBUF^GH, ]^A. 



Birmingham Tool Works. 
KLEIN, LOGAN & CO. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Railroad, Hjining and Quarry Tools, 

Sledges and Hammers, 
KIRE SHOVELS, &c., &c. 

Office and Works : 

Thirteenth Street, South Side, 
PITTSBURGH, PA., U. S. A. 



68 ALLEGHENY (BOUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

PITTSBURGH STEEL CASTING COMPANY. 

Pittsburgh Steel Casting Company, Twenty-sixth and Raih 
streets.— it has often been asserted on the part of foreign manufacture! .,, 
that the texture, properties and quality of American ore and iron were 
unsuited to the proper manufacture of steel, and that even the character- 
istics of our coal and coke were unfitted for the manufacture. These 
allegations have, however, been entirely confuted by the actual product 
of steel by our Pittsburgh houses, which compare favorably with any 
made in the world. Prominent among the Arms is that of the Pitts- 
burgh Steel Casting Company, whose office and works are located at 
Twenty-sixth and Railroad streets. This company was duly incorpor- 
ated in' 1871, and since its inception has obtained an extensive patronage 
from locomotive builders, railroad companies, agricultural implement 
makers and general machinists. The following gentlemen are the 
officers of the company, viz: Wm. G. Johnston, president; Wm. Lyon, 
secretary; Jno. Irwin, Jr., treasurer; Wm. Hainsworth, superintendent. 
The works cover an area of two blocks, and are equipped with all the 
latest improved machinery and appliances necessary for the systematic 
conduct of the business. About 300 experienced operatives are employed 
in the various departments The Pittsburgh Steel Casting Company 
manufacture in large quantities crucible and Bessemer steel castings, 
which are absolutely unrivalled for quality and general excellence by 
the productions of the most famous manufacturers in this country or 
Europe. This Company is about to introduce, as a new article in the 
steel casting line, their Solid Steel Cast Car Wheel, rolled on thread and 
flange, and made of Refined Bessemer Steel. These wheels are already 
on trial by ten of the principal roads in the United States, and reports 
up to the present time show most satisfactory results. The castings 
are made entirely from crucible steel made in the company's works from 
very carefully selected stock . No cast iron is ever used, but only the 
finest qualities of steel. The greatest care is exercised in making the 
moulds, and only the most skillful workmen are employed. All the 
castings are carefully annealed, though this is a very expensive process, 
yet the officers find it the most accurate method to equalize the stresses, 
and bring each molecule of the steel to bear its equal share of the strains 
and pressure required of it in its work. The steel castings of the com- 
pany have a tensile strength of not less than 65,000 lbs. to the square inch, 
while their cheapness and greater accuracy, as compared with the forged 
work, make them especially desirable for a great many purposes for 
which forged steel and iron have previously been used. The resources 
of the Pittsburgh Steel Casting Co. have expanded greatly since its 
establishment, and are now such as can only apply to those firms 
thoroughly understanding the business, and which are enterprising 
enough to take advantage of all the latest inventions and improvements 
for the production ot» crucible and Bessemer castings and blooms. The 
greatest credit is due to Superintendent Hainsworth for the success 
achieved in the production of steel castings of such excellent quality as 
to command an extensive trade from Maine to California. The business of 
the Pittsburgh Steel Casting Company is not only asourceof pride to the 
city, but to the entire country, while the officers, educated to their calling, 
are* well qualified to attend to it in all branches, and with a due regard 
to the interests of their numerous customers. 



WEST POINT BOILER WORKS. 

R. Munroe & Son, 23d and Smallman sts., — The importance of all in- 
dustrial enterprises contingent upon the iron trade of Pittsburgh can 
hardly be over-estimated, and among these, occupying one of the 
most prominent positions, is the West Point Boiler Works. In 1835, 
or nearly half a century ago, these works were established by Mr. James 
Leitch, one of the pioneer mechanics of this comnmnity. Twenty- 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 69 




PITTSBURGH, PA 



Manufacturers of 



STEEL CASTINGS 

Under Hainsworth's Patents. 

Crucible and Refined Bessemer 
Steel Castings. 



WM. G. JOHNSTON, President. 

JOHN IRWIN, Jk., Treasurer. 

WM. LYON, Secretary. 



WM. HAINSWORTH, Sup^t 



7 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

four years later they passed into the possession of the firm of Watson & 
Munroe, wlio carried on the business till 1875, when, with the with- 
drawal of the senior partner. Col. Munroe assumed sole ownership and 
has since pursued alone the successful operation of trade, and has now 
the oldest boiler works in the city. They manufacture steam boilers, 
still tanks and sheet iron work on an extensive scale, every possible ad- 
vantage being secured in the use of the best machinery and improved 
appliances. In their special line of manufacture, Messrs. Munroe & Son 
are not surpassed by any of thier contemporaries, and for promptness and 
undoubted reliability have achieved a position that entitles them to no 
small degree of consideration among those who have fostered and pro- 
moted the best interests of Pittsburgh. 



THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, W. P. Woold- 
ridge, District Agent for Western Pennsylvania; offices, No. 49 Fifth 
avenue. — It is a fact that deserves to be loudly heralded that you can get 
life insurance for its actual cost with that reliable, wealthy, ably and 
honorably managed corporation, the Mutual Life Insurance Company 
of New York. Its policies name a definite fixed amount coupled with 
added profits, and are incontestable after two years. Why then should 
any one spend his money for an assessment certificate which promises 
nothing, and in a few years will, perhaps, be worse than valueless. The 
Mutual Life is a great national institution; a financial bulwark for the 
widow and fatherless, and none the less desirable corporation in which 
to place money as a splendid financial investment. Its growth has been 
rapid and continuous, upon a scale of magnitude unparalleled, rendering 
it the largest company in the world, with the vast total of over $120,000,000 
of assets. The record of the Mutual Life has been one of the most 
brilliant and creditable character. Its management has ever been con- 
servative, and yet alive to the best interests of policy-holders, and the 
company has ever been noted for its liberal policies, and for paying the 
largest dividends at the lowest per capita cost. Its assets are invested 
with sound judgment in United States bonds and other securities, and 
in bo!id and mortgage on the choicest real estate in New York City and 
elsewhere. This company have several millions invested in bond and 
mortgage securities in this city, its financial agents beingW. W. Patrick 
and W. E. Schmertz, and J. H. Baldwin its attorney at law. It has issued 
since it was organized more than 320,000 policies. Since organization it 
lias paid to policy holders over $257,000,000. It is the cheapest company 
in which to insure, its large dividend returns reducing the cost of insur- 
ance below that of any other corporation. Its distribution policy is the 
most liberal and popular of any. It was in 1860 that the Pittsburg office 
was established, forming the headquarters for the important district of 
Western Pennsylvania. The company's operations in this section have 
been developed to proportions of great magnitude, under the capable 
management of Mr. W. P. Wooldridge, the district agent. The total 
death and endowment claims paid through the Pittsburg agency to 
August 1, 1888, amounted to the enormous sum of $1,687,475.68. This is 
alone convincing proof of the security afibrded, and of the company's 
popularity with our leading business men. The actual results of insur- 
ing in this company are demonstrated by the practical experience of 
thousands, ))eing far superior to those of any other corporation or asso- 
ciation, while the safety and certainty of returns are absolutely definite. 
It is sufficient to add that the Mutual's local management has retained 
the unreserved confidence of the leading commercial and financial 
circles of Pittsburgh; the record of the company speaks elo(j[uently for 
itself. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 71 



CHAS. R. DILWORTH, Chairman. SAM'L T. OWENS, Vice Chairman. 

JOS. R. DILWORTH, Sec'y and Treas. 

Dilworth, Porter & Co. 



LIMITED, 

^vd:a,3:i-a.fa,ct-a.rers of 



RAILROAD, BOAT AND STREET RAILWAY 

SPIKES, 

Pitts burgh., Penii'a;. 

C. G. HUSSEY. N. VEEDER. E. T. DRAVO. 

Pittsburgh Copper and Brass Rolling" Mill. 

C. G. HUSSEY & CO. 

49 FIFTH AVE, - PITTSBURGH. 

PITTSBURGH FOUNDRY. ESTABLISHED 1803. 



JOHN H. RICKETSON, Prcs. WM. HOLMES, Treas. A. G. BARNETT, Sec'y. 

A. GARRISON FOUNDRY CO. 

(Successors to A, Garrison & Co.) Manufacturers of 

CHILLED, SAND AND STEEL ROLLS, 

I And Rolling Mill Castings of Every Description, 

! Office, 10 & 12 Wood Street, - - PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



CURRY UNIVERSITY. 

The present Curry University was organized and . established as a 
Normal Training School for Teachers, in 1860, by Robert Curry, A. M., 
Deputy State Superintendent of Public Instruction in Pennsylvania. 
For some seventeen years it was recognized as the first Normal School in 
Western Pennsylvania, and numbers to-day among its Alumni a 
majority of the most prominent teachers in the public schools of this 
part of the state, as well as in almost every state in the Union. 
The reverse fortunes of '77, '78, '79 were soon overcome by its present 
management, who took charge in 1880-81, and have increased the en- 
rollment from the small opening in September, 1880, of fourteen 
students to an annual attendance now (1888) of over fourteen hundred 
students . 

A charter of incorporation was granted the institution with full 
collegiate powers to grant diplomas and to confer degrees, etc., in 1884, 
and the Board of Trustees was organized, electing Hon. Wm. A. Herron, 
President; James Clark Williams, A. M., Vice President; Prof. Joseph P. 
Andrews, Secretary, and Prof. Harmon D. Williams, Treasurer. 

The former normal school had now (1884) grown into a University 
of Colleges, having an attendance of hundreds of students in classics, 
natural science, higher mathematics, modern languages, with normal. 
Business College, Short-hand, Penmanship, Music and Elocution De- 
partments. 

Its growth and progress has been steady, rapid and permanent, and 
the work done for its students has won the confidence of the entire com- 
munity and has enabled its graduates to compete successfully with 
those of the best colleges in the country in similar lines of work. In 
1884 the Polytechnic Institute of Western Pennsylvania, located iu 
Allegheny City, with its charter and all its franchises, was consolidated 
with, or rather merged into, Curry Institute; also the Saturday normal 
classes under Messrs. Andrews and Logan were united with those of the 
Curry, and the Cochran Business Night School, with its one hundred 
pupils, was consolidated with that of the Curry in 1884, giving it an ac- 
cession this year (1884) of over two hundred new students, with their 
infiuence to aid in building up a large institution. The following figures 
show how steady has been the growth under the present management: 
Opened September, 1880, with 14 students; closed June, '81, with 253; 
closed '82, with 349; closed '83, with 510; closed '84, with 653; closed '85, 
with 811; closed '86, with 1,118; closed '87, with 1,355; closed '88, this 
year, with a total enrollment of 1,403 different students, and the outlook 
for ]888-'89 ]:)romises to reach close to 1,600 students. 

The work of the institution having developed such large proportions, 
covering in its scope a wider field of study than the majority of the 
universities of the United States, the Board of Trustees, at their July 
meeting, directed that the name be changed to Curry University, and 
the proper legal steps taken to amend the charter. 

The work of organizing a military department and introducing 
military tactics, with military drills, has been begun and will be com- 
pleted within a few weeks. A supply of arms has been kindly tendered 
by the Government, and the selection of a tactician, who is thoroughly 
versed (a graduate of West Point), with a few minor matters, remain 
to complete the work. 

It has been the ambition of the present management to round up 
the university work by building a large industrial department, making 
it a complete polytechnic school. This, with two other departments 
to be completed in the near future and the securing of more ample 
building accommodations, will place this institution among the first in 
the land. 

The sad and untimely death of Prof. Harmon D. Williams, Busi- 
ness Manager of the institution, March 22, 1888, has been the only mis- 
fortune^in the recent history of the school. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



73 




SlX^FH Sttrkkt, Pitttsbliroh. 



OVER 1400 STUDENTS ENROLLED LAST YEAR. 



English Trainiug School, 
Collegiate Department, 
Ladies' Reniinary Department, 
Normal Department, 
Penmanship Department, 



Curry Business College, 
Curry School of Short-hand, 
Curry School of Elocution 

and Dramatic Culture, 
Curry Conservatory of Music. 



Each Department complete in itself, and is in charge of a specialist. 
Energetic in Management, Liberal in Policy, Non-sectarian in Religion 
and National in Patronage and Reputation. 

Send for C'atalogue of the Department you wish to enter. 

Jg^-^EVENING SESSIONS IN ALL DEPARTMENTS.-^^g 

JAMES CLARK WILLIAMS, President. 



JAMES COLLORD, 

Pig Iron, 



Union National Bank: JBnilciing, 



Cor. Market St. and 4th Ave. 



PTTTSBURaH, PA 



74 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

F. & J. HEINZ. 

F. & J. Heinz, the Largest Manufacturers of Pickles, Condiments 
and Preserves in America.— Tlieir business has grown annually to such 
an extent that their goods are sold from the Atlantic to Pacific, in fact 
every state and territory— not only is this true, but they are now being 
exported to England, South America and Mexico. The secret of this 
phenomenal success is quality of the goods. The predominating princi- 
ple of their business has always been to manufacture the best goods 
possible, which means purity. Their "Keystone Brand" has become a 
household word throughout the land on account of its superiority of all 
others. Their preserves stand without a rival, on account of absolute 
purity, they being made from sound, ripe fruit and standard granulated 
sugar. In addition to the foregoing, they also have one of the largest 
vinegar factories in the country, from which they manufacture the 
finest flavored vinegars in the world. The preserving qualities of their 
justly celebrated "Pickling Vinegar" is demonstrated by its use in the 
manufacture of their own pickles in glass and barrels. Taking this 
industry as a whole, is is one to be proud of and reflect credit upon our 
city. By the foresight, energy, tact and judgment of Mr. H. J. Heinz 
has this business grown to its immense volume. 



J. McKAIN & SON. 

J. McKain & Son, Hatters, No. 809 Penn avenue. — The business 
now so successfully conducted by Messrs. J. McKain & Son, was founded 
in the year 1871 by Mr. Jacob McKain, who, in 1875, formed the firm of 
McKain & Porter." This firm continued until 1881, when the present 
co-partnership succeeded, the junior partner being Mr. Alexander R. 
McKain. This concern manufactures all kinds of stiff and soft felt hats, 
and make a specialty of high silk dress hats to order. Mr. McKain, the 
senior partner, one of Pittsburgh's old and reliable citizens, was born in 
Marietta, Pa., and came to Pittsburgh in 1830. His son and partner is a 
native of Allegheny City. They are both highly esteemed as citizens 
and business men, and in their particular industry are acknowledged to 
have no superiors in Western Pennsylvania. 



SHEPLEY, RUTAN & COOLIDGE, ARCHITECTS. 

When the Commissioner of Allegheny county had determined to 
accept the plans and specifications presented by Mr. Richardson he at 
once entered upon the construction of that monument to his wonderful 
skill as an architect, the Allegheny County Court House. His represen- 
tatives were soon on the field ready to carry out the orders of their chief, 
and so thoroughly was the stupendous work planned that the finishing 
was completed and the capstone placed on the date specified. Mr. 
Richardson for some time prior to his death, which occurred on April 27, 
1886, had been an invalid, and with the forethought that had always 
characterized his plans, paved the way for those who were to follow in 
his footsteps when his voice should be hushed forever. The firm of 
Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge, of Boston, Mass., were designated by him 
to complete his work, and the Commissioners set aside for their use the 
rooms on the second floor, southwest corner of the Court House. These 
rooms are well lighted and the firm is ably represented by Mr. Frank I. 
Cooper, a gentleman educated in the Richardson school of substantial, 
economical architecture. The firm have in course of erection the new 
Masonic building on Fifth avenue, in this city, and their work extends 
over the entire country, the new Stanford University in course of erec- 
tion in California being one of the solid structures that they arc building. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



75 



A. 6. CAMPBELL & SONS. 

Our complete line of FA,I„I„ A.'SfiJ}) 'W{"gM1E'MM. ©0/@®Si is now open for inspection. We 
are showing S.aE© ©atgala.Si in every department, and a visit to our many departments wil' 
certainly repay you. 

Best Goods. Lov^/est Prices. 

INFANTS' AND CHILDREN'S OUTFITTING, 

HOSIERY, GLOVES AND UNDERWEAR, 
MUSLIN UNDERWEAR, 

EMBROIDERIES AND WHITE GOODS, 
CORSETS AND CORSET WAISTS, 

DRESSMAKING. 

E. BUTTERICK & CO.'S 

Celebrated Patterns and Publications. 

Umbrellas, Notions, Handkerchiefs, Star Waists, Stamped Goods, Leather 
Goods, Fancy Articles, Holiday Goods, etc., etc. 



IIVIPORTERS, lVEAN^XJF.A.CTXJR,EIiS, RETAILERS^ 

-^- G-- CarrzLploell dz SorLS. 

710. PENN AVENUE. 710. 

PENN BUILDING, 
ON^K SQUARE ABO"^E SIXTH STREET- 



IT I& A. FACT THAT 



HEINZ'SPieKLES 



AGENCIES. 
New York, 
Boston, 
Albany, N. Y. 
Providence, R. I, 
Newark, N. J. 
Trenton, " 
Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, 
Washington, D. C. 
San Francisco, Cal. 
Wheeling, W. Va. 




AGENCIES. 
Richmond, Va. 
Augusta, Ga. 
Jacksonvilte, Fla. 
New Orleans, 
Louisville, 
Cincinnati, 
Indianapolis, 
Kansas City,.!Vlo. 
St. Joseph, " 
Omaha, Neb. 
Cumberland, Md. 



HAVE RECEIVED THE HIGHEST AWARD 



And taken the Prize Medals wherever they have been exhibited, which embraces 
Exposition from the Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. 



very important 

GENERAL OFFICE, 191 FIRST AVENUE. PITTSBURGH, U. S. A. 



76 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



F. J. ALBRECHT. 

The prominence of Pittsburg's mechanical and mercantile interests 
is due to the distinguished enterprise and energy of her leading busi- 
ness men, many of whose establishments date back for upwards of half 
a century. Pittsburg is one of the chief cities in the United States 
where inventions and practical improvements liave found a harbor, and 
it is instructive to note the advances that have been made, and to ascer- 
tain the progress that has been obtained by energy and skill. Repre- 
sentative among the firms that have contributed to place Pittsburg 
in such a prominent position must be mentioned that of Mr. F. J. 
Albrecht, practical oven builder, No. 1146 Penn avenue, near Union 
Depot, Pittsburg. 

This business was originally started by his father, Mr. Jos. Albrecht, 
in 1854. He was a German by birth, being born in Baden, on the 
Rhine, and in his youth learned the trade of baker. The laws in Baden 
at that time required a young man to travel extensively before being 
recognized at home as a full-fledged journeyman, and Mr. Albrecht ac- 
cordingly set out. He visited, among other places, Vienna, Austria, 
and his experienced eye soon discovered that the bake-ovens in the 
Austrian capital were far better than those he had seen in other 
countries. After going through Italy, France, England and other 
countries, he returned to Vienna, where he secured employment with 
an oven builder, and in a short time acquired a perfect idea of the best 
features of oven building. In 1852 he came to America, where he first 
settled in Philadelphia, and afterwards, in 1854, came to Pittsburg. He 
here laid the foundation for the establishment which up to the present 
time has enjoyed such a remarkable success. Mr. Albrecht, 8r,, con- 
ducted the business in person up till 1866, when he died. His two sons, 
F. J. and L. Albrecht succeeded him, and jointly conducted the busi- 
'ness till 1879, when L. Albrecht died. Since that time the surviving 
son, Mr. F. J. Albrecht, has had sole control, and from this time date 
most of the important improvements. Mr. Albrecht in 1873 undertook 
a European trip, taking in the Vienna Exposition of that year, and the 
many new improvements added to his ovens are directly the result of 
this trip. Of all the ovens in use in Western Pennsylvania, fully 90 
per cent, are of his make, and, while at the present time his ovens are 
in use in seven different states, he considers it but a question of a short 
time before they will he introduced and in use in every state in the 
Union. Mr. Albrecht is at present making arrangements to so increase 
his facilities as to, in the near future, turn out a larger number of ovens 
with a corresponding reduction in the price. On another page will be 
seen an illustration of one shop of R. B. Ward's London Bakery, East 
End, Pittsburg. 

Mr. Albrecht constructs all kinds of bake ovens, adapted for 
bakeries, confectioneries and hotels, of the Vienna and Furnace patterns. 
The latter will burn bituminous coal of the smokiest kinds, and are 
adapted for all kinds of fuel, and, where fuel gas exists, can, without 
alteration, be used for the same. There are two grades of ovens. The 
better grade when heated well will bake from eight to twelve hours 
without re-heating, and every practical baker who has ever worked at 
one of Albrecht's ovens knows that they consume less fuel than any 
other kind. These are items which those using bake-ovens understand 
perfectly well, and the demand for Mr. Albrecht's handiwork are evi- 
dence thereof. Our space is too limited to give the names of all the 
establishments using these ovens; suffice it to say that almost every 
hotel in Pittsburg and Allegheny is supplied with them, and that they 
in every instance give perfect satisfaction. 

Mr. Albrecht is one of our "self-made" men. Personally he is an 
energetic, clear-headed businessman, lionorable and fair in all transac- 
tions and well deserving of the substantial success he is achieving. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



77 



ShEPLEV, RuTAN & COOLIDGE, 

SUCCESSORS TO 

H. H. RICHARDSON, Architect, 
BOSTON, MASS. 



New court House, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

FRANK I. COOPER. 



DEVICE FOR 

Tapping* Water, Steam, Gas or Oil 

ALSO, NATURAL GAS, 

For Inserting Ferrules in Mains without Shutting off the Pressure. \ 
Patented March 7th, 1876. 





This machine has been subjected to tests and 
proven, by practical use, to be simple and more 
effective for the purpose than any other. 

Fig. 4. This Machine is especially adapted for 
drilling through saddle of wrought iron gas mains, 
liigh or low pressure. 

Fig. 5. A. Letzkus- Safety Saddle. Patent 
applied for. This saddle can be used for connect- 
ing all sizes of main pipes, low or high pressure, 
without danger, or loss of gas, water or oil. Can 
be shut off at any time. 

My machines are the simplest in construction of 
any in use; are easily handled and not liable to get 
out of order. They are used by many Water and 
Gas Companies throughout the United States. 



LETZKUS, PITTSBURGH, PA. iSOUTH SIDE.) 




Fia. 4. 



78 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



EVANS, CUNNINGHAM & JONES. 

Evans, Cunningham & Jones, Planiug Mill, Lumber Yard, Sash 
and Door Factory and Stair Building. — Prominent among the business 
industries of Pittsburgh most worthy of note, is the planing mill, lum- 
ber yard and sash and door factory of Messrs. Evans, Cunningham & 
Jones, located at corner Seventh avenue and Grant street. Mr. D. J. 
Evans, the senior member of the firm, is a man of large practical 
experience in all departments of the planing mill business. Mr. Geo. 
Cunningham is also a man of large experience in all branches of 
lumbering, to whom is intrusted the responsibilities of the shipping 
department. Lastly, the junior member of the firm is Mr. Nathan 
Jones, a thoroughly practical business man and accountant of fifteen 
years' experience in the lumber business. The firm is of long standing 
and dates back to the year 1873. It wms then organized under the name 
of Kelly & Evans, and in 1881 was changed to Evans & Cunningham, 
Messrs. D. J. Evans and J. A. Cunningham being the memoers. Under 
this management business was conducted until the year 1884, when Mr. 
J. A. Cunningham retired by reason of failing health, and his brother, 
Mr. George Cunningham, became one of the firm. In 1886 Mr. Nathan 
Jones associated himself with these men forming the firm now doing 
business. 

The facilities of Evans, Cunningham & Jones are second to none. 
Their mill has recently undergone extensive improvements, and for 
provisions against fire has been equipped throughout with the Gray 
Automatic Sprinkler. The recent addition to their plant of one of the 
latest and most improved Dry Kilns, a new Automatic Engine of 125 
horse power, and other improved wood-working machinery, enables 
them to do all kinds of work promptly and in the most satisfactory 
manner. All styles of doors, sash, blinds, window frames, stair work, 
brackets, interior finish, etc., etc., are promptly made to order, in small 
and large quantities. The firm is especially capable of furnishing all 
lumber and wood work required in the construction of any building, 
large or small. 



JOHN BOYD'S LIVERY, BOARDING AND SALES STABLES. 

John Boyd, Livery, Boarding and Sales Stables, 52 and 56 West 
Diamond street, Allegheny. — It is a pleasure to record the enterprise and 
character of such houses as the one above named, which has been so long- 
engaged in and built up such a prosperous business. Mr. Boyd came to 
this country in 1858, and was shortly after engaged by Daniel Wallace, 
flour and grain merchant, as shipping clerk, where he remained for a 
number of years, only leaving that firm to start in business for himself 
as a common carrier, on Fountain street, above Pan Handle freight depot, 
doing heavy trucking and general contracting business. In 1877 he sold 
out to James McKibbin and became proprietor of the Red Lion and 
Tremble's extensive stables, gaining the reputation of an honest, square 
dealer in the very l3est classes of horses. Bping anxious to retire for a 
short time, at least, he sold out his business. Eventually he felt like re- 
suming an active business life, and from that time dates the present 
firm. He has associated with him his two sons, R. T. and J. A. Boyd, 
and with facilities and advantages unrivalled, combined with the excel- 
lent manner in which the business is conducted, the firm is destined to 
make a grand success of their enterprise, and fully merits the large and 
liberal patronage that has thus far been accorded them. 



THOMPSON & CO. 

Thompson & Co., Mattresses, Parlor Furniture, Woven Wire and 
Spiral Springs, 420 Wood street, Pittsburg.— A popular and largely pat- 
ronized house in this line of business is that of Thompson & Co. The 



ALLEGHENY COtJNTY CENTENNIAL. 79 

D.J.EVANS. I NATHAN JONES. GEO. CUNNINGHAM. 

EVANS, CUNNINGHAM & JONES, 

Planing Mills, Lnmber Yards, 

Sash and Door Factories. 



Sash, Doors, Shutters, Mouldings, Bill Stuff, Lath, Locust, 
Fence and Girder Posts. 

ESTIMATES FOR MILL AND SHOP WORK FURNISHED. 

Office, Tth. Avenue and Grrnnt Street, 

Mills, Seventh Avenue and Grant Street. 

Lumber Yards, Washington and Fountain Streets, 

Telephone No. 702. PITTSBUI^GH, PA. 

JOHN BOYD, 

LiveriT^ ^Boai'iliiig- and Sables 

STABLES. 



r'-cnsTEJie^^i-. nDii^ECTOie 



Nos. 52 to 56 W. Diamond St., 

Telephone 3275. pLLBGHBNY, ©A, 

Open I>£iy a-nd IViglit. 



80 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



business was originally started in 1869, under the name of Roberts, 
Nicholson & Thompson, the individual members being K. W. Roberts, 
W. A. Nicholson and J. A. Thompson. In 1872 Messrs. Roberts and 
Nicholson withdrew, and Mr. Thompson associated himself with Wm. 
McLain, under the firm name of Thompson & Co. In 1878 Mr.McLain 
withdrew and A. E. Wells entered, the name of the firm changing to 
Thompson & Wells. Mr. Wells continued in the firm for four years, 
when he, in turn, withdrew, leaving Mr. J. A. Thompson the sole owner 
of the business, which he since that time has conducted so successfully. 
Mr. Thompson is yet a young man, but of unmistakable push, as well as 
being a thorough expert in everything that pertains to his business. He 
went through the war as a member of 76th P. V. V. (Keystone Zouaves) 
commonly known as the Swamp Angels. His has been, in the truest 
sense or the word, an honorable success, and, fully imbued with the 
spirit of energy and enterprise, he worthily maintains the reputation of 
his establishment for producing the best goods in his line. 



REPUBLIC IRON WORKS, LIMITED. 

Republic Iron Works, (Limited,) manufacturers of galvanized sheet 
iron; also sole manufacturers of kalameined sheet iron. — The officers of 
the company, who are also the principal stockholders, are Mr. E. C. 
Converse, chairman; Mr. Horace Crosby, general manager and treas- 
urer. They bring to bear the widest range of practical experience, 
coupled with an intimate knowledge of the wants of the trade, and 
have placed their works upon the highest plane of efficiency. The com- 
pany's furnaces, mill outfits, shears, baths, etc., are all of the latest type, 
and calculated to ensure the highest quality of product with economy 
in manufacturing processes. The Republic Works have long main- 
tained an international reputation for producing the celebrated brands 
of " Republic," "Keystone" and "Iron City" galvanized iron, and 
which meet the most exacting requirements of every branch of trade. 
A special department of the works is devoted to the production of 
kalameined sheet iron, of which this corporation is the sole manufac- 
turer. The iron as prepared by this new and improved process secures 
a finish that specially adapts to many uses, and the demand for the 
same is annually increasing, proving as it does absolutely satisfactory in 
every way. 

C. W. G. FERRIS & CO. 

C. W. G. Ferris & Co., Civil Engineers, Inspectors of Structural 
Iron and Steel, Hamilton Building, 91 Fifth avenue. — This prominent 
firm of civil engineers, of which Messrs. C. W. G. Ferris, Frank 
C. Osborn and J. C. Hallsted are the individual members, succeeded in 
1887 to the business established in 1883 by Mr. Ferris. The firm makes 
a specialty of specifications, designs and estimates for structures of iron 
and steel, the inspection and testing of metals for bridge and othei- 
structural purposes, and the examination of existing structures. Among 
the structures that have been under the supervision of this firm are the 
Chicago Auditorium Building, in which was held the recent Republican 
National Convention; the Arcade Building, Cleveland, Ohio; the large 
railroad bridge over the Ohio river at Henderson, Ky.; the railway and 
highway bridge over the Ohio river at Louisville, Ky, ; the steel' arch 
bridge over the Mississippi river at Minneapolis, Minn.; steel truss 
work for the extension of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge; the 
bridge over the Eastern branch of the Potomac river at Washington for 
the United States Government, and the high bridge over the Mississippi 
river for the city of St. Paul, Minn. 

All the members of the firm are graduate engineers and experts in 
the specialties of the profession pursued by them. The quality of their 
work is the very best, and they enjoy a reputation and trade covering 
he entire Union. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 81 

L.W. Dalzell & Co. 
IRON 

Commission Merchants, 

Cor. Water and Market Streets, 

PiTTSBURQH, PA. 



SUKE TO PLEASE. 



We are not introducing an untried Whisky when we tell you 

that our 

Pure 8-Year-Old Export Guckenheimer Whisky 

Is the Queen of all other brands. It has been given thorough and satis- 
factory tests in almost every city and town in Western Pennsylvania, 
West Virginia and Eastern Ohio, besides in most of the large cities, both 
east and west. Letters and orders coming in every day from every direc- 
tion supporting our claims for this Queen of Whiskies to the letter. Some- 
times we are hardly prepared to receive so many flattering testimonials 
in regard to its great worth«and fine qualities. Prices remain just the 
same. Full Qts., $ 1 .OO, or six for $5. GO. Orders for Old Export 
or California Wines delivered in any part of the two cities free. Orders 
by mail receive prompt attention. Securely and neatly packed and ex- 
pressed, or shipped according to directions. Send to or address, 

JOSEPH FLEMING, Druggist, 
84 MARKET STREET, PrTTSBURGH, PA. 

B6 



82 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE FISCHER FOUNDRY AND MACHINE CO. 

The rapid advancement in the manufacturing arts, especially in iron 
and steel, in Pittsburgh, is a subject of interesting study. In almost 
every department of mechanics do our people excel, and the products of 
our worksliops stand unrivalled in the markets of the world. Among 
the many representative firms that have contributed to place Pittsburgh 
in this position must be mentioned the Fischer Foundry and Machine 
Co., Mary street, from Twenty-first to Twenty-second street, South Side, 




Pittsburgh. This firm was established on a small scale, in 1868, by 
Fischer, Wentzel & Co., and has since built up a liberal and influential 
patronage, until now it ranks as one of our foremost firms in its line. 
Mr. Geo. L. Fischer, in course of time, bought out the interests of his 
partners, and is now the sole proprietor. Their specialties are shafting, 
couplings, hangers, pillow blocks, pulleys, sheaves and power-transmit- 
ting machinery in general; clay and ore pans of all sizes; complete out- 
fits for brick plants, machine moulded gear wheels, casting and 
machinery for glass works, of all descriptions, from the very latest im- 
proved designs and original patterns. The firm may justly be consid- 
ered as thoroughly identified with the best interests of Pittsburgh, and as 
promoting its commerce with zeal, discrimination and success. 



aKi^ND CENTRAL 

Livery and Cab Bazaar.*-. 



BimNS & JAHN, 

The Most Complete and Beet 
Equipped Livery in the ('ity. 

LIVERY STABLES, 

NOS. 547, 549 d. 551 GRANT ST., 

CAB STABLES, 61 2 4 614 GRANT ST., 

Telephone 2ti8. PITTSBURGH, PA. 




ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



83 



ThepischerpoundryaX^jljachine (|o. 



Founders and Machinists in General. 



Oiir ape.eialties of niantifac- 
tiire are Shiiftingj f'oupUngs, 
Manf/ei'ft, Pilioir Bloclis, Ptif- 
leyH, Slieaves ami jtotver trans- 
ntittinff niaoltinevy in yetteral. 
Clay ana Ore Pans of all sistes 
and Conti*1ete Otitjtts for Briek 
Plants. 




MACHINE MOULDED GEARWHEELS 




Coastings antl Machinery for 
GlasslVorh's of all deseriptions 
from all the very latest ini- 
proreil designs and original 
patterns for furnishing the 
most complete modern Glass 
Plant for the mantifacture of 
either Flinty Bottle f Windou) or 
Plate Glass. 



IVIary Street, from S. 20th to S. 21st St. 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



84 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE NATIONAL TUBE WORKS CO. 

One of the most extensive and best known of the various iron indus- 
tries of this country is the National Tube Works Company, of McKees- 
port. To Mr. J. H. Flagler, Esq., is due the credit of. first inaugurating 
the business which has since been carried to its present gigantic propor- 
tions. He first started a small plant, at East Boston, Mass., in 1867, and 
commenced to make the smaller sizes of steam pipe, boiler tubes and oil 
well tubing. From 1867 to 1869, the demand for pipe increased and the 
"oil boom" in Pennsylvania induced Mr. Flagler to interest J. C. Con- 
verse, Esq., and other capitalists in the business, resulting in the incor- 
poration of the National Tube Works Company, in 1869, with its main 
office at Boston, Mass. Its officers were Messrs. J. H. Flagler, General 
Managing Director; J. C. Converse, President; Wm. S. Eaton, Treasurer, 
and P. W. French, Secretary. 

The rapid growth of the Pennsylvania oil fields, calling for well 
goods and pipe lines, as well as the increased western trade, suggested 
cheaper fuel than prevailed East, and a more central delivery point of 
location, nearer to the source of supplies. After thorough research, the 
company favored McKeesport as a desirable location, and in 1872 the 
McKeesport works were started on the site of the old "Rope Walk" 
building on Walnut street, which had been destroyed by fire. Butt- 
welding and lap-welding furnaces were erected and the machinery was 
started to make steam, gas and water pipe, boiler tubes, tubing, casing, 
drive pipe, etc. The substantial beginning made by the National Tube 
Works Company was soon apparent in local benefits to the town ; skilled 
and other labor moved here, property increased in value and improve- 
ments actively progressed. The growth of the Tube Works to its pres- 
ent gigantic proportions has been uniform and steady; careful conserva- 
tive management and the best mechanical methods have given the 
National Tube Works the world-wide reputation for excellence of 
material which they so justly enjoy. 



J. R. REED& CO. 

J. R. Heed & Co., 439 Market street.— This is one of the oldest jewehy 
firms in the city, having been established in the year 1847. The 
members of the firm, composed of James Reed, .Tames *R. Reed and G. 
M. Reed, came from Washington, Pa., where the senior member, James 
Reed, had been in the business for thirty years. They were located and 
established at No. 36 Smithfield street, where they remained until Jan- 
uary, 1855. The necessities of the business requiring it, they removed 
to No. 68 Fifth avenue, (now No. 94) where they remained for over 21 
years after which time they moved to 93 (now No. 439), Market street, 
where they are still located. The senior member of the firm having 
been engaged in the manufacture of engineering and surveyors' instru- 
ments in Washington, the same business was continued and extended 
here until the breaking out of the war, when the watch and jewelry 
business increasing, compelled the abandonment of their manufactory. 
Hince that time the firm have confined themselves to the watch and 
jewelry business exclusively. The firm continued as constituted until 
the death of the senior member, in 1878, since which time the surviving 
members have continued the business. 

This firm has always had a high reputation in matters pertaining to 
time, for many years having furnished the time to the city from transit 
observations. They are also high authority on time-pieces, being mem- 
bers of the examining boards for examining the watches used by the en- 
gineers of several of the railroads centering in this city. The high 
character attained by over forty years' of fair dealing gives this firm an 
enviable position among the business interests of the Smoky City. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



85 



M. Lanz & Sons, 

MANUFACTURERS OF ALL KINDS OF 

BUILDING BRICK. 



Special Facilities for Shipping Brick by Rail. 



Works, S^rtln and JANK Strekts, 



NEAR ORMSBY STATION, P.,V. &. C. R- R. 



Office, 29th and Carson Streets, 

Telephone Connection. PIUIJIISBUI^GH, PA, 



G) 

CD 

a 

G) 
Q) 

(X 



THE J. 0. SCHIMMEL PRESERVING CO. 







"IVIall^^fact^^rers of 



Fruit Butters, Preserves, Jellies, Mince Meat, 

SAUER KRAUT, VINEGAR, CATSUP and a full Line of Pickle Goods. 

BRANCH HOUSE: 

12 AND 14 FOURTH AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. 

TELEPHONE 1090. WM. M. LEATHERMAN, Manager. 



86 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE BRUSH ELECTRIC COMPANY. 

The Brush Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio, Manufacturers of 
Brush Arc and Incandescence Electric Lighting Apparatus, Electric 
Motors, Carbons for Arc Lamps, etc. Jno. E. Ridall, Agent, 47 Fifth 
avenue, Pittsburgh. Telephone 1 ,357. — This company manufactures the 
Alternating Current Machines for incandescent lamps, etc. Mr. 
Brush claims to be the original inventor of the system of using con- 
verters in multii)le arc on alternating circuits. It will be noticed that 
Judge Colt, of Boston, has very recently decided against the Westing- 
house Company in their suit against the Sun Company. It may safely 
be assumed, therefore, that the, extravagant claims of the Westinghouse 
(Company to the control of alternating systems are without foundation. 
The Brush Electric Company are now giving especial attention to the 
subject of the transmission of power by means of electricity. The 
electric generators and electric motors recently constructed by them are 
remarkable for great efficiency, perfect regulation of current and speed, 
simplicity of mechanical construction and durability. They recently 
shipped six generatorsand six motors to a mining firm in Nevada that are 
the largest machines of their kind yet constructed. The generators are 
driven by water power, and the current carried on wires to the motors, 
a long distance away. The generators delivered a current of 90,000 
watts, equal to 126 electrical horse-power, and the electrical efficiency 
of both generators and motor is over ninety per cent. It is therefore 
possible with these generators and motors to deliver at tlie pulley of the 
motor eighty per cent, of the original power applied at the pulley of the 
generator, a result heretofore unapproached. Tlie Company manufac- 
tures in large numbers motors of all sizes, from one-half liorse-power up 
to above one lumdred horse-power, and is constantly behind its orders. 
It is about as badly crowded in its arc lighting, incandescent lighting 
and carbon departments, and still retains the position it has held from 
the first as the largest and most successful electric manufacturing estab- 
lishment in the world. Eastern offices, 36 Union Square, New York; 
Chicago office, 130 Washington street. 



FIRST NATIONAL BANK, McKEESPORT. 

The First National Bank of McKeesport is an institution that Mc- 
Keesport and vicinity can well be proud of. It commenced business on 
March 1st, 1872, and was organized at the time as the Commercial Bank- 
ing Company of McKeesport, which succeeded a branch of the Com- 
mercial Banking C-ompany of Pittsburg. Its capital to start with in 
'72 was $65,684, with the line of deposits amounting to $33,000. The 
bank at thi-* time whs an individual liability bank, and was carried on 
in this manner till March 1st, 1875, when the bank was reorganized as 
the First National Bank of McKeesport, with a paid up capital of 
$67,000. From that date up to the present time its business has been 
constantly on the increase, and from $171,000 on the 1st of March, 1875, 
it has grown to $225,000 up to 1880. From that time to 1887 the growth 
of this institution has been very rapid, and it has shown in its business, 
to a very large extent, the rai)id growth of the business interests of Mc- 
Keesport, as its deposits and business have steadily grown from $225,000, 
in 1880, to over $800,000 of deposits in 1888. The present officers of the 
bank are H. B. Sinclair, President; W. E. Harrison, Vice President; 
James S. Kuhn, Cashier; R. .1. Edie, Teller. 

Bv comparison with a number of the city banks it will be seen that 
the First National Bank of McKeesport has a larger line of deposits 
than quit*; a number of the banks in Pittsburg. It has a very large 
business, drawing its customers from up the Monougahela river as far as 
Monongahela City, on the Youghiogheny river as far as West Newton, 
and has quite a line of customers that live in the country adjoining 
McKeesport within a radius of ten or fifteen miles. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 87 



ESTABLISHED 18:^4. 

JUNIATA IRO N AND STE EL WORKS 

Shoenberger & Co. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



PLATES s SHEETS 



WORKS AND OFFICE : 



15th and Etna Sts., - Pittsburgh, Pa. 



^hoEnbEfgEr, ^pEBf \ Go. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



BESSEMER FOUNDRY 



-AND- 



Gray Forge Pig Metal, 

15thL and Ktna Streets, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



88 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

BOGGS & BUHL. 

This well-known dry goods firm, 115, 117, 119 and 121 Federal street, 
Allegheny, is composed of R. H. Boggs and H. Buhl, Jr. It had its 
origin in a small way and with small capital, June 1869, succeeding the 
old-time firms of Brown, Yetter & Co., and John Brown, Jr. & Co., at 
128 Federal street. At its inception, this room, at No. 128, was amply 
large, in fact too large, but from the start the trade of the house, which 
was quite limited, began to grow, and has steadily increased with each 
succeeding year, until now it takes front rank with any of the wholesale 
and retail dry goods houses in either city. The growth of this business 
has been continuous and without interruption, each succeeding month 
and year showing a steady increase, until to-day the annual business is 
up in the millions. After about seven years' business at No. 128, the 
((uarters became too small, and it became necessary to remove to more 
commodious ones, which were found at 118 and 120 Federal street, in 
the same block. In this location the firm remained about six years, 
and their rapidly growing trade required still more room, and removal 
was made to present building, 115 and 117 Federal street, and at the end 
of two years, these rooms, although quite large ones, were found in- 
adequate, and the addition of two adjoining rooms, 119 and 121, was de- 
termined upon and erected in 1885. 

The present rooms are the most extensive and best lighted apart- 
ments devoted to the retail trade in either city, the floor space of this 
establishment covering over 49,000 square feet. All modern improve- 
ments for the transaction of business and accommodation and comfort 
of patrons are in this building. Power elevators reaching four floors, 
for both freight and passengers, steam-heating, electric lights, etc., the 
latter furnished by forty Arc lamps run by the electric light plant on 
the premises. 

There are regularly 225 people on the pay-roll, and in busy seasons 
fifty to seventy-five more. In addition to their regular large retail city 
trade, this house has an extensive wholesale department, and being large 
direct importers of foreign goods they are able to offer special advan- 
tages to purchasers in both the wholesale and retail departments. They 
also issue each season, spring and fall, a large illustrated catalogue and 
price list for tlie benefit of their out-of-town customers, paying particu- 
lar attention to this mail order department of their business, and send- 
ing large quantities of goods to all parts of the country. By this method 
of sending samples and prices of goods of any description through the 
mails, almost all the advantages of large assortments and lowest prices 
of the large trade centers are brought direct to the door of the customer, 
although living at long distances from the city and perhaps in some 
remote locality. Recognizing the advantages of this method of trading 
to out-of-town customers, this house has made special efforts looking 
towards their benefit and convenience. 

The policy of obtaining only desirable styles and serviceable fabrics, 
everything newest and best, and recognizing the fact that trash is not 
cheap at any price, also of offering their goods for sale at lowest possible 
margin of profit, consistent with safe merchandising, and of courteous 
attention and treatment of all customers, without distinction, has no 
doubt been the chief factor of success with this house and will be 
followed to the line without deviation in the future while it exists. 



FRED. SAUER. 

Fred. Sauer, Architect, corner Sixth and Liberty streets. — No re- 
view of this description would be complete without mentioning the 
name of Mr. Fred. Sauer, one of Pittsburgh's leading and most enterpris- 
ing architects. Mr. Sauer was born in Germany, but came at a very 
early age to America. He naturally drifted into the channel where 
his abilities would have the widest scope. After working some thr^o 



Ar.LEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 89 



Inxi>orters, Hetallers and Jo"bl>ers of — 

Dry Goods, Trimmings, 

cloaKs aNd suits. 

Seal Garments, Seal Plush Wraps, Jackets, &c. 

SILKS, VELVETS AND PLUSHES, 

HOSIERY, GLOVES, WHITE GOODS, 

Laces and Embroideries, Ladies\ Gents' and Childreri s 

Underzvear, Ladies and Gents' Furnishings, 

LiiNBNs, Flannels, Blani^bts, 

H:oxjis5»:BitE:Ei»iivo oooo^. 

Eider Down and Cotton Comforts, Ribbons, RucJiiiigs, 
Ladies' and Gents' Handkerchiefs, 

13RKSS OOODS AND SXJITINOS, 

Black Goods and Colored Cashmeres, 

Both Silk Warps and all Wool, of the Best Known Makes. 

Notions and Small Wares, Dress Makers' Furnishings, Fancy Goods 
and Art, Jewelry and Novelties, Ladies' Muslin Underwear, Corsets, &c. 

Lace Curtains, Silk Curtains, 

Heavy Curtains and Draperies, 

UPHOLSTERY GOODS, 

In short, everything pertaining to a Large Modern Dry Goods House 
(except Carpets and Millinery), represented in 52 large and well as- 
sorted Departments, and at low prices for best qualities. 

BOGGS # BUHL, 

115, 117, 119 and 121 Federal Street, 
ALLEGHENY, PA. 

N. B. Mail Order Department thoroughly organized. Send goods 
to all the States and Territories at same low prices as sold at our 
counters. 



90 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



years as a stone cutter, carpenter aud bricklayer, and thus being familiar 
with the practical work of building industries, he graduated at the Arch- 
itectural Institute at Stuttgart, Germany. Arriving in America, ho 
served for several years as a draughtsman in the office of Mr. E. M. Butz, in 
Allegheny, where, among other important work, the plans for the new 
Penitentiary, at Riverside, were under his supervision. In 1884 he 
started out for himself, and from that day his success was assured. Mr. 
8auer is an authority on all matters relating to building, draughting, 
designing, planning, etc., and is a practical builder and measurer of 
buildings. Among the structures which Mr. Sauer has designed, we 
may mention the following : St. Michael's school house, Emanuel's 
drug store, corner Second avenue and Grant street; Polish school house, 
Smallman street; the buildings on old Exposition grounds; Mellor & 
Hoene's building on Fifth avenue; in Braddock, the Arcade dry goods 
stores and the new Wherung block; in McKeesport, the Herold block 
and residences of Dr. T. L. White and Dr. Power. Many fine residences 
in the East End testify to his skill; so far Mr. Sauer has 58 new build- 
ings under construction, among them, eleven on Boulevard Place, East 
End, and twenty -six on Ben Venue Place, East End. 

Mr. Sauer's business offices are located on tiie corner of Sixth and 
Liberty streets, in the very heart of the business community; constantly 
employing a corps of skilled assistants, he is in a position to give im- 
mediate attention to any call for his serves. Personally no one is more 
popular, socially or commercially; he is a liberal-minded, yet conserva- 
tive business man, and through the exercise of strict integrity in all his 
dealings, he has become a leader in his line and won the general es- 
teem of a large and lucrative patronage. 



Established 1831. 



Established 1831. 



SEMI-CENTENNIAL MUSIC HOUSE. 



MKLLOR & HOKNE, 

General Agents for the 

Superb Hardman piano, Krakauer Bros, pianos, 



Ives & Pond, 

SHONINCiER 

AND 

Harrington 
PIANOS. 




Palack, 

CHASE, 
SHONINGER 

AND 

Chicago Cottage 

ORGANS. 



Don't fail to examine our stock. Prices very low for such fine grades of Pianos and 
Organs. Terms easy. Old Instruments taken in Exchange. 

Call on or address for Circulars, etc., 

IVLKI^LOR & HOENK, 

77 FIFTH AVENUE. PITTSBURGH. ^''*'"^" "' ^'""^"' 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 91 



AMERICAN TUBE AND IRON CO. 



Manufacturers of 



WrouLght Iron and Steel, 

Boiler Tubes, Pipe, Casing of Every Description. 

WESTERN MILLS, EASTERN MILLS, 

Youngstown, 0, Middletown, Pa. 

167 FIRST AVENUE, PITTSBURGH, PA. 



Presideul, Will. Wiginan. ,^. . f Wm Wiginan, D. F. Schuette, 

directors, jg^^^j^j Hamilton, Henry Winkel. 

Union pjlaNing mill co. 

No. 50 Eighteenth Street, 

SOUTH SIDE, PITTSBURGH, PENN'A. 

Constantly on liaud Flooring, Weatherboarding, Doors, Sash, 
Frames, Mouldings, &e. 18 and 20 feet Barn Boards, Lath and 
Shingles. Boxes of every description and Framing 
Lumber furnished to order. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

EAETHEN WAEE, 

Flower Pots, Corroding White Lead Pots and 
Chimney Tops, &c. 

Sarah and 26th Sts., PITTSBURGH, S. S. 

CRESCENT GLASS AVORKIS. 



THOS. EVANS CO. 

^llapfacfurers of lanip lhimnGjjst>^ 

PLAIN, ENGRAVED AND DECORATED. 

Plain Lamps, Decorated Lamps, Hand Lamps, Founts, Lantern Globes 

Squat and Specie Jajs, Ring Jars, French Jars, 

Battery Jars, Reflectors, etc. 

IPitttsbiargh, SoLitli Side, Fa. 



92 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

Robert F. Mayer, 

ETCHINGS, ENGRAVINGS, 

Imported Photographs, 
Oil ANn Water Color Paintings 

MIRRORS, PICTURE FRAMES, EASELS, &<J., &c. 
Fine Picture Framing a Specially, 

404 WOOD STREET, - - PITTSBURGH. 

Chas. H. Humbert, 

Sanitary Plumber. 



t 






-rHE iriN'KST 



Plyfflbieg and Sas FifeliiHg 

Known to the trade done in the most approved and scientific 
manner. The largest and best stock of 

Can be found in my Show Rooms, St Prices Lower than the Lowest. 

CHAS. H. HUMBHIRT, 

Cor. Market St. and 4th Ave. - - PITTSBURGH PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 93 



M. WINTER & BROS. 

Lager Beer Brewers, 

Twenty-First & Josephine Streets, S. S. 

©irpipSBUr^GH, ©A. 



National Brewery. 

Lager Beer 

strictly Pure and Wholesome. 
HEAD OK Twelfth Street, 

JOHN H. NUSSER. Biiiiisbub?gh, S. S. 

C, BAEUERLEIN BREWING CO. 
Star Brew^ery, 

Bi'eWei'^ and MIW$ of Lajeif Beep, 

BBNNEXT, PA. 

Telephone Call, No. lois. Qpposite 43d St., Pittsburgh, Pa. 

south side brewery. 
Edel & Skifkrth, 



-b:e^et:^7-ei^s o^- 



Lager Beer, Ale and Porter, 

No. 2600 Josephine Street, - - - Pittsburgh, Pa. 



J 



94 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



PiltsliDiyli aad Lake Erie Raiiraaii, 

THE CLEVELAMD ^H0[(T LINE! 

20 Miles Shorter, and has more than Double the Train 

Service of any Line between Pittsburc^h 

and Cleveland. 

Tte Favonle Some to Buffalo k Klagara Fills 

And all Points in Western or Northern New York and Canada. 

THE CHEAPEST LINE WEST OR NORTHWEST. 

Ask for Tickets via the P. & L. E. R. R. 
E. HOLBROOK, A. E. CLARK, 

GEN'L SUPT. GEN'L PASSENGER AGT. 

Manufacturer of the Celebrated 

flHfei-Ppi(iy©H, Pxle, ffiill aF^d Sfeap Grease, 

MACHINERY, LUBRICATING, ANIMAL and HARNESS OILS, 

For Wagons, Carriages, Mowers, Reapers, Threshing Machines, Shafting, Railroads, Rolling Mills 
and all kinds of Light and Heavy Machinery. Liquifying point, 200° Fah. It is not afilected by the 
weather, and is equally adapted to both summer and winter use. For W.ngons, Carriages, &c., it is 
superior to I'nd cheaper than Castor Oil; keeps the axle cool; prevents tiring of wheels, and war- 
ranted to wear twice as long, on either iron or wood axles th m any other compound in the market. 
For Light or Heavy Machinery, it is a most perfect Lubricator, being composed entirely of Vegeta- 
ble or Animal Oils, warranted free from Petroleum and its products, or impurities of any kind. We 
also manufacture Harness Oil, and for all kinds of Leather, Harness, Hoots, Shoes, Buggy, Carriage 
Tops, &c. We warrant our Harness Oil free from all grit and sediment, containing all the softening 
qualities for all kinds of leather, and also renders the leather to which it is applied water-proof. 

All orders shall have prompt attention by calling on or addressing E. C. FRAI>1CH, Office and 
Factory, Grant Avenue, near Union Bridge, Allegheny City, Pa. P. O. Box, 115, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
Telephone 3245. 



TELEPHOISTK No. 3403. 



SCHLUEDERBERG & PERROT, 

COPPERSMITHS, 

Galvanized and Slieet Iron AVorkers. 

Generators and Soda Fountains. We make a specialty of Kettles with 

Steam Jackets, any size and shape. Cooking Utensils of all 

descriptions. Repairing and Retinning done at short 

notice. Goods called for and delivered. 

Nos. 113 & 115 First Street, - ALLEGHENY, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 95 

WM. J. BURNS. President. JOS. FORD, Sec'y and Tieas. 

Excelsior Express & Standard Cab Co. 

OMNIBUS AND EXPRESS WAGONS, 

Carriages, Coupes, Cabs, Hansoms. 

Baggage Called for and Delivered to 

all parts of the City, 

AND CHECKED FROM RESIDENCES 

To Point of Destination 

Oh orders left at Pennsylvania Railroad 
Ticket Offices, 

110 Fifth Avenue and Union Station, 

OFFICE A1VT> {^TABLES, 

1 127, 1 129, 1 131 & 1 133 Liberty Avenue, 

Sixth Street. niTTOnil 

Cor. 5th Ave. &Smithfield St. I I I I UUL 

Telephone 1156, Union Station, All Hours. 




(1473, Sixth Street. p*..^.^^.*.!****!. ■«• 

Telephone No J 5164. East End P TT5!R RRH PA 

( 319, Cor. 5th Ave. & Smithfield St. Ill lOUUIlUily IH 



WAi. u. BEATTY. — HARDWOOD FINISHING A SPECIALTY. — JOHN s. Bovu. 



BOYD & BEATTY, 

lontraGfors, luilders I lumbor iealers. 

Pla-ning" IVTill an<l OfTioe, 

COR. WEST DIAMOND AND ERIE STREETS, 
YARD : BOQUET ST. & P., Ft. W. & C. R. R., 

Telephone 3348. .A^lle*>'llC^llV. 

Established 1849. Telephone No. 1075. 

FRANK J. GUcKERT, 

MANUFACTURER OF AND CONTRACTOR 

lank, iffiCG, ifore and ialooii fixtures, 

Counters, Shelving, Mantels, Mantel Cabinets, Tables, Desks, and 
all kinds of Interior Wood Work, 

Cor. 7th Ave. and Fountain St., - ■ Pittsburgh, Pa. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



rw- . 




ii^J^EW^ERS OW 



EXPORT LAGER 



-AND- 



Pilsener Beer 



-AND— 



FINE CREAM ALE, 

Carson Street. 

Bet. 33d and 34111 Sts. ^IipiPSBUI^GH, S. S. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



97 



WM. EBERHARDT, Pit-.s. J N. STRAUB, Vice Pies. J. P. ORER, Treas. 

JOHN Cr. WALTHER, Sec. T. F. STRAUB, Siipt. 

TtieEfiertiaiiOlief Brewing Go. 




BREWERS OF 



Celebrated Pale Unadulterated 

LAGER BEER 

Made expressly for Family Use and Shipping- Trade. 

Nothing but choicest Barley, Malt and Hops 

used in their manufacture. 



GelebFeifeed Pale UHeidullieFafeed LiageF Beep, 



EXPORT BOTTLED BEER A SPECIALTY, 

Put up in 2 Dozen Quarts or 3 Dozen Pints. 



Nos. I, 3, 5, 7 and o Troy Hill, | ||jU|,|,pf|j. a« 
Malt House, 152 to 155 S. Canal St. I H"8gngflsj^pa. 



98 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

ESTABLISHED 1868. 

I^§ei\beiUiT\§^(§ 

510-514 Market Street and 27 Fifth Avenue, 

FITTSBXJIlGm, r»A. 

Call attention to their spacious stores, comprising Eight Large 
Floors, devoted to the sale of everything in tlie line of 

FURNISHING GOODS, 

For Ladies and Gentlemen, Misses, Children and Infants, 

AS WELL AS 

FANCY GOODS, MATERIALS FOR FANCY WORK, 

Lace Curtains and Millinery, Cloaks and Wraps of Every Description. 
We are among the oldest houses in the trade, as well as one of 
the leading ones in Pittsburgh, and point with pride to a long, suc- 
cessfiil, honorable business career. 

ONE PRICE ONLY. RELIABLE GOODS ALWAYS. 




REINECKE & CO. 

309 Wood Street, 



l-»ITTSBURaH, PA^. . 



GAS FIXTURES 



The Latest Designs. 

SANITARY PLUMBING, 



Gas Kitting ,iM^lC 



.AND _*^:^r- ■ /-m 



HOUSE HEATING * "^^ 

BY HOT WATER. FoRW^x/^Xe!.. 



OFFICIAL PROGRAM 



OTT th:k 




ALI^EOHKNY COUNTY 

Centennial Celebration 



100 ALLEGHENY (BOUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Address of the Centennial Committee. 



The County of Allegheny was created on the 24tli of September, 
1788, by Act of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsyl- 
vania. It includes all the territory north of tlie Ohio and west of the 
Allegheny rivers, and portions of Westmoreland and Washington 
counties. ' 

Within its borders have taken place some of the most important and 
pivotal events in the history of the American people. Here began, at 
Braddock's Field, the seven years' war between France and England for 
the supremacy on the North American continent, which changed the 
m^p of the world, and shook the whole of Europe. Here the destiny of 
the infant colonies trembled in the balance, for the hand of fate was 
three times raised within this county to sever the thread that held the 
life of the savior of our country, George Washington. Once on Pine 
creek, in December, 1753, when the treacherous savage fired at him with 
intent to kill. Again, when Washington was nearly drowned by being 
thrown from his little raft amid the floating ice of the swift Allegheny, 
and almost frozen to death on Wainwright's island. Again, at Brad- 
dock's defeat, where he was the special mark for the shots of Indian 
chiefs and had his clothes torn to pieces and his horses shot imder him 
by the bullets of the enemy. Here was located the first regular outpost 
of Anaerican civilization west of the Allegheny mountains, Fort Pitt. 

On the hill where stands our magnificent new Court House, mould- 
ered away the dead of Major Grant's 800 Highlanders, slaughtered by 
the savages on the eve of the capture of Fort Duquesne. Around Fort 
Pitt raged the fury of Pontiac's war, at the close of which war, in 17G4, 
no white man's cabin existed outside of that fort. From the Laurel 
Hill to the falls of the Ohio the silence of the wilderness was unbroken 
except by the whoop of the savage or the scream of the panther. 

. Through the portals of our hills, borne on the waters of our rivers, for 
seventy-five years poured exclusively the tide of emigration, and moved 
the star of empire westward. Here were the first educational institu- 
tions of the West, and here were planted the religious congregations 
which have been and continue to be the shield and tower of defeuce of 
our people. Here have been discovered the most valuable, extensive 
and accessible mines of bituminous coal and stores of natural gas in the 
world. Here is a climate more healthy, and more free from dangerous 
or extensive changes than that of any portion of our country. Here we 
have a soil fertile and tillable from the rivers' edge to the tops of the 
highest hills. Here manufacturing, mining, agricultural, merchandis- 
ing, trade, banking, commerce and the learned professions go hand in 
hand in immense volumes. Here patriotism has shown itself ready and 
(luick to defend our country from foes of every kind, within or without. 
Here is a comnumity pecilliary blessed by Almighty God. He hath 
not dealt so with any people. 

In recognition of these favors and blessirigs it is intended to cele- 
brate the centennial of this county with rejoicing, and with humility, 
soberly and discreetly, in a manner and upon a scale of grandeur never 
heretofore witnessed west of the Allegheny mountains. On the 3d of 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 101 



Emil Looa 

HOUSE AND SIGN PAINTING, 

Between Wood and Smithfield Streets, 



RESIDENCE, 
626 SMITHFIELD STREET 



IRON CITY BREVITERY, 

Capacity, 200.000 Barrels. 



— B B K R~ 
Frauenheim ^ Wilsack, 

PIIPJFSBUI^SH, PA. 

jexthjv x^iive i$ ii .(%. jv t> j^ of 

Bottled Export and Pilsner Beer 

FOR HOTEL AND FAMILY CONSUMPTION. 



102 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



October, 1887, the Chamber of Commerce, of Pittsburgh, inaugurated 
the movement for the celebration of the Centennial of Allegheny County . 
Mr. Foster presented the following resolution : 

" Resolved, That the Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburgh hereby 
calls the attention of the people to the fact that the Centennial of the 
creation of Allegheny County, and also of the survey and location of 
Allegheny Town, occurs next year, and urges upon the authorities and 
all organizations and occupations to prepare for the celebration of this 
important event in a proper and adequate manner." 

At the request of Mr. Foster the resolution was, on motion of Hon. 
George H. Anderson, referred to the Executive Committee. On the 
17th of October the Chairman of the Executive Committee, Mr. George 
A. Kelly, reported favorably, recommending the adoption of the reso- 
lutions and the appointment of a committee of ten members of the 
Chamber of Commerce to make arrangements for celebrating the Cen- 
tennial of Allegheny county, witli power to add to their number from 
the Chamber of Commerce, from the authorities and from organized 
bodies of trades, professions and occupations. Adopted unanimously. 
On the 31st of October the President of the Chamber of Commerce, 
Wilham E. Schmertz, Esq., announced that the following gentlemen 
had been appointed as that committee : Morrison Foster, George H. 
Anderson, Chas. W. Batchelor, S. P. Harbison, Thomas P. Roberts, 
John B. Jackson, Charles Meyran, John Bindley, D. C. Herbst, James 
Allison. These gentlemen met at the Chamber of Commerce on the 
12th of November, and since that time have made addition to their num- 
ber, and have dihgently pushed the arrangements for the celebration. 
The celebration will occupy three days' time, commencing on Monday, 
the 24th of September, 1888. 

Rev. Father A. A. Lambing and Judge J.W. F. White will prepare 
a history of Allegheny county. Messrs. John Gernert, Fred. G. Toerge 
and J. P. McCoUum, have been invited and have agreed to organize an 
orchestra and volunteer chorus for the musical exercises of the first 
day's proceedings. 

The first day's proceedings will be ceremonial. In the forenoon the 
dedication of our new Court House, the most perfect work of architec- 
ture in America. In the afternoon a grand mass meeting of the people. 
At these meetings there will be orations, prayers, musical performances, 
orchestral and choral, and a chorus of school children. In the evening 
a reception in honor of distinguished guests, and fireworks. The musi- 
cal exercises of the first day will, by order of the committee, consist 
entirely of American compositions, or patriotic airs adopted by the 
American people as National. 

The second day's proceedings will be a grand Civic, Industrial, 
Commercial and Patriotic Parade. It is expected that among the 
features of thi^ parade will be representations of the progress in modes 
of transportation. Pack horses and mail riders, the Conesioga wagons 
and stage coaches, the primitive batteaux and steamboats, the canal 
boat, the locomotive and the uniformed letter carriers. 

The third day's proceedings will be a grand military parade. In 
the evening fireworks and illuminations. Among the features of the 
miUtary parade will be our National Guard and volunteer companies of 
Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery — the Grand Army of the Republic, 
the Union Veteran Legion, and the Veterans of 1812 and Mexico. 

The committee earnestly request the ministers of all religious con- 
gregations to each devote his discourse on the Sabbath preceding the 
24th of September, 1888, to a history of his congregation; and to send a 
copy of his discourse of that day to the Chairmani of the Centennial 
Committee. 

Morrison Foster, 

Chairman Centennial Committee. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



103 



^W^OLFF, LANE & CO. 



Importers 



^HARDWARE 



Dealers in 



Have a large and completely assorted stockof General Hardware, 
embracing lines suitable for Merchants, Mechanics, Miners, and Build- 
ers. As agents of the makers, they represent the following articles : 



Black Diamond Files, 

Cherry-heat Welding Com- 
pound, 

Corrugated Steel Wheel 
barrows, 

Eureka and Universal 
Clothes Wringers, 




Continental and Standard 
Lawn Mowers, 

Patent Coal Drills, 

Siemen's Crescent Ground 
Crosscut Saws, 



Trenton Anvil?, 
^^ Seymour's Sheep Shears. 



SIGN OF THE ANVIL 



No. 304 Wood Street, 

Careful and prompt attention will be given to mail orders, and lowest 
prices guaranteed. 



JAS. R. REED. 



ESTABLISHED 184-7. 



GEO. M. REED. 



J. R. Rked & Co. 



-^elBWELBr^S 



3^ 



DEALERS IN 



Watches, Jewelry, 

^olid $\\W and Fiqe ^ilVef plated ^ood^, 
No. 439 MARKET ST., - PITTSBURGH, PA. 



Complicated and other Fine Watches Repaired and Regulated by 
Observatory Time. 



104 ALLEGHENY (BOUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



RULKS. 

The Centennial Committee have adopted, among others, the foHow- 
ing rules, to whif.h they specially call the attention of the people : 

No debts shall be contracted without the approval of the General 
Committee, 

No payments shall be made except on voucher to which shall be 
attached the bills, and the warrant upon the Treasurer, drawn by the 
Secretary of the Centennial Committee, approved by tlie Chairman of 
the sub-Committee contracting the debt, and by the Finance Committee, 
and countersigned by the C^hairman of the Centeimial Committee. 

No member of the Centennial Committee shall receive or be entitled 
to any compensation for personal services. 

No partisan-political l)anner, device, motto, or allusion will be per- 
mitted in any of the ceremonies or processions during the entire cele- 
bration. 

In the civic parades the various interests shall be represented by 
trades, occupations, or professions as bodies and not separately as the 
employes of any particular person, tirm or corporation. 

No inscriptions, signs or banners having the effect to advance the 
private business of any person, firm or business association, (except 
small badges not exceeding six l)y two inches worn on the lappet of the 
coat, and not more than one badge on each individual), will bo per- 
mitted in any procession or ceremony connected with the Centennial 
Celebration, *l)ut the Committee on Second Day's Proceedings, may at 
their discretion permit and invite business men to use their l)usine3s 
wagons (or make floats) with their names on them, and appropriately 
decorated in the civic parade, as said Committee may deem proper. 

Nothing in these rules is intended to preclude associations or socie- 
ties from carrying banners denoting the names of the organizations. 

In order to secure the transportation and accommodation of visitors 
at uniform and reasonable rates, a sub-Committee on Transportation, 
Hotels and Accommodations has been appointed, whose duty it is to 
make arrangements for fixed and reasonable charges with all Railway 
and Water Transportation Companies and all hotels and other house's 
where travelers may be accommodated. • 



COIVtlVlITTKES. 

The following gentlemen constitute the Centennial Committee and 
Standing ^ub-Committees thereof : 

Hon. Morrison Fostp:r, Chairman. 

Rev Dr James Allison, Chamber of Commerce. James Gallery, Prest Pittsburg & West'n R R Co. 

Hon Geo H Anderson, " " John W Chalfant, Chamber of Commerce. 

Capt ChasW Batchclor, " " Ale.x Dempster, Prest Engineers' Society West Pa. 

Albert J Jiarr, " " Henry Darlington, Chamber of Commerce. 

John Bindley, " " Peter Dick, 

Col A P Burchfield, . " " James W Drape, 

Daniel () Barr, " " Hon John F Dravo, " 

J D Bernd, " " Geo W Dilworth, 

John Bradley, Merchant Tailors' Exchange. Wm Eberhardt, Prest Brewers' Association. 

John Brew, Hod Carriers' Union. Gen. Chas. L. Fitzhugh, Duquesne Club. 

Andrew Carnegie, Chamber of Commerce. J A Emery, Prest School Controllers, Allegheny. 

Isidore Coblens, " " Joseph Eichbaum, Chamber of Commerce. 

Chas J Clarke, " " Hon Chas S Fetterman, Prest Historical Society 

A E Clark, Pittsburgh & Lake Eric R R Co. of Western Pa. 



ALT.KGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



105 



fflONONGAHELA I7OUSE, 



DPittsTo-u-rgrl^., ^a,. 






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03 73 
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CD 

© 



0E:0. is. ORISCOlVr, I»i-opi-ietor. 



J. R. HENRICKS TEMPLE OF MUSIC. 

PIANOS AND ORGANS EXCLUSIVELY, 

435 Wood Street, Pittsbtargh, Pa.. 

BETWEEN FIFTH AVE. AND DIAMOND ST. 



Sole Agents for the Celebrated Chickertnci & Sons, Decker & Son, 

Hallet & Davis, Wheelock & Co. and Stuyvesant Pianos. 

Faviand & VoTEY and Kimball Organs. 



!E^rices I_iox"»7- a.2n.d. Terorr^-s !Era.s37". 



75 Fifth Avenue, 



75 Fifth Avenue. 
CO. 



h:a.ys & 

General Agents for 

Matliusliek, Liiideman and Hazelton Pianos, 

WILCOX & WHITE ORGANS. 

COMPLETE STOCK OF 

Violins, Guitars, Banjos, Strings, Drums, etc. Largest Stock of Sheet 

Music in the city. Call and examine our exhibit. 



106 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



J D Conway, Coal Miners' Association. Henry McKay, Retail Merchants' Protective 

Gottlieb Faas, Prest Retail Grocers' Association, Association, McKeesport. 

Allegheny. James Madden, Carpenters' Council. 

Wm J Friday, Chamber of Commerce. JohnN Neeb, German Press Association. 

H T Gourley, Prest Select Council, Pittsburgli. Hon Henry W Oliver, Jr, Chamber of Commerce. 
T A Gillespie. Philadelphia Company. M Oppenheimer, Chamber of Commerce 

Walter W. (ireenland, National Guard Penna. J C O'Donnell, Prest Retail Grocers' Ass'n, Pitts. 
S P Harbison, Chamber of Commerce. Wm Peters, Butchers' Protective Association. 

Jehu Haworth, Prest Wholesale Grocers' Ass'n Robt Pitcairu, Pennsylvania Railroad Co. 
P C Herbst, Chamber of Commerce. Gen A I, Pearson, Com. Union Veteran Legion, 

r.eo L Holliday, Prest Common Council, Pitts. H Kirk PortSr, Chamber of Commerce. 
Jas Hunter, Prest Common Council, Allegheny. D C Ripley, President Flint Glass Manf. Ass'n. 
J C Hirsh, Window Glass Workers' Association Col Thos P Roberts, Chamber of Commerce. 
Col Wm A Herron, Chamber of Commerce. J S Ritenour, President Press Club. 

Maj Samuel Harper, Dept Commander GAR. Gen W A Robinson, Chamber of Commerce. 
Capt W P Herbert, Underwriters' Association. Hon B F Rynd, Retail Lumber Dealers' Ass'n. 
J R Hendricks, Chamber of Commerce. Eccles Robinson, Brass Workers' Ass'n. 

John B Jackson, " " Joshua Rhodes, Chamber of Commerce. 

P W Joyce, Prest Trades Assembly Western Pa. Capt R B Robison, Steamboat Officers' Protective 
Hon B F Jones, Prest Iron.and Steel Association Association. 

J M Kelly, Knights of Labor. WniESchmertz, President Chamber of Commerce. 

George A Kelly, Chamber of Commerce. Col Norman M Smith, Eighteenth Regt N G P 

Jas H Lindsay, Prest'Select Council, Allegheny Gen J B Sweitzer, Army of the Potomac. 
Julius LeMoyne, Prest Western Pennsylvania Percy F Smith, Chamber of Commerce. 

Agricultural Association. Thos W Shaw, M D, Allegheny County Medica 

A J Logan, Prest Furniture Dealers' Ass'n. Association, 

Wm B Lupton, Chamber of Commerce. W J Smith, Prest Flint Glass Workers' Ass'n. 

C L Magee, " " Louis Sahner, Green Bottle Blowers' Association. 

S S Marvin, Prest Pittsburgh Exposition Society WmC Shaw, M D, Chamber of Commerce. 
Da«iel McWilliams, County Commissioner. E D Smith, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co. 

Geo Y McKee, " " E B Taylor, Gen. Supt. Pennsylvania Company. 

Robt E Mercer, " " B F Veech, President Grain and Flour Exchange. 

Chas Meyran, Chamber of Commerce. Wm Weihe, President A A I and S W. 

Geo O Morgan, Petroleum Exchange. B L Wood, Jr, Chamber of Commerce. 

R C Miller, President Builders' Exchange. Major J B Washington, Bait and Ohio R R Co. 

Chas F McKenna, Union Veteran Legion. S J Wainwright, Chamber of Commerce. 

Capt Wm McClelland, Chamber of Commerce. F J Wheeler, President Building Trades League. 
Alex M McCandless, Central Board of Education Col S M Wickersham, Chamber of Commerce. 
Justus Mulert, GermanTurn Verein. Thos E Watt, Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 

Col R Monroe, Chamber of Commerce. 

G. FOLLANSBEE, Secretary of Committee. 

STANDING SUB-COMMITTEES. 

On Finance. 

William E Schmertr, Chairman John B Jackson, S P Harbison, 

S S Marvin, D O Barr, J W Drape, 

George Y McKee, W J Friday, D C Ripley, 

John N Neeb, A P Burchfield, Isidore Coblens, 

Peter Dick, Alex Dempster, Wm Eberhardt, 

Charles T Clarke, A J Logan, R C Miller, 

Gottlieb Faas, Chas F McKenna, B F Rynd, 

Wm Peters, B L Wood, Jr, Wm Weihe, 

B F Veach, P W Joyce, Jehu Haworth, 

J D Bernd, M Oppenheimer, Geo O Morgan, 

T W Shaw, M D, P F Smith, T A Gillespie. 

Finance Committp:e of the G. A. R. 

Capt W R Jones, Chairman, Henry A Breed, Ed Fisher, 

John Hoerr, Wm J Patterson, Thos Fording. 

Geo .S Fulmer, 

On First Day's Proceedings. 

John Bindley .'CAa/rwrtM, Robert E Mercer, George Y McKee 

James Allison, H 1 Gourley, Chas J Clarke. 

Wm B Negley, C L M^gee, J S Ritenour, 

Chas Meyran, Alex Dempster, Albert J Barr. 
Isidore Coblens. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



107 



The Oldest MusicStore in Pittsburg 

ESTABLISHED IN t845. 




H. KLEBER & BRO. 

Sole Agents for 

^teinwaij piano^, donoVei' piano^, 

And the Brilliant OPERA PIANOS. 

THE FAMOUS BURDETT ORGANS, 



AND THE WONDERFUI 



PAII warranted for eight years, and sold at lowest prices and 
easy-time payments. Old Pianos and Organs taken in ex- 
r^T. — — — . change. Also, the best Brass Band Horns, Strings, Sheet 
SOS \A/OOD Si REET. Music and other musical merchandise. 




''Arcbimt 



N, W. Corner Liberty and Sixth Streets, 

ROOMS 9 <fe 10, THIRD FLOOR, 



TELEPHONE No. 1178. 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 



THOS. DONALDSON, 



JOS. DONALDSON. 



H. G. DUNLAP. 



Allegheny Transfer Co. 

GENERAL HAULING AND EXPRESS. 

gi^" PIANO AND FURNITURE MOVING A SPECIALTY.-^® 

113 ^VOOD STREET, 

COR. SECOND AVENUE. PITTSBURGH, PA. 

TELEPHONE 1431. Branch OfTice and Stables, 94, 96 & 98 North Ave, 

All'y Office, 3385. Allegheny city. 



108 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL 



On Second Day's Proceedings. 



Chas W Batchelor, Chairman, 

S S Marvin, 

William Weilie, 

B F Veach, 

RC Miller, 

J D Conway, 

A J Logan, 

B F Rynd, 

James Madden, 



George O Morgan, 
D C Ripley, 
Gottlieb Faas, 
Juluis I.e Moyne, 
Wm Eberhardt, 
Kccles Robinson, 
William J Smith, 
Louis Sahner, 
John Brew, 



Jelui Hawortii, 
William Peters, 
J C Hirsch, 
J M Kelly, 
PW Joyce, 
J C O'Donnoil, 
F J Wheeler, 
H McKay, 



W P Herbert, Chai 
lohn B fackson, 
A P Burchfield, 
A L Pearson, 
I B Sweitzer, 
Thos E Watt, 



On Thirj) Day's Proceedings, 

rtnoii, John Bindley, 

Daniel McWillianis, 
William McClelland, 
W A Robinson, 
E D Smith, 
Walter Greenland, 



Norman M Smith, 
Samuel Harper, 
William E Schmertz, 
Chas F McKenna, 
Alex ^E McCandless, 
J A P'mery, 



On Transportation, Hotels and Accommodations. 

Geo L Holliday, Lhairinatt, R B Robison, Alex DL McCandless 

C L Magee, A P Burchfield, Jas Gallery, 

Robert Pitcairn, John N Neeb, E B Taylor, 

J B Washington, A E Clark, Percy F Smith. 

On Decorations and Illuminations. 

Thomas P Roberts. Chairman. W J Friday, Isidore Coblcns, 

BL Wood, Jr., D C Ripley. 



Daniel McWilliams, 
George L Holliday. 

Charles Meyran, Chairman. 



S P Harbison, Chairman, 



On Printing, 

Alexander Dempster, 

On Auditing. 

BL Wood, Jr., 



D C Herbst. 



Norman M Smith. 



Morrison Foster, Chairman 
William E Schmertz, 
James Allison, 
H W Oliver, Jr., 
Jehu Haworth, 
I'hos P Roberts, 
S S Marvin, 
William Weihe, 



On Reception and Invitations. 

Andrew Carnegie, John N Neeb, 

Charles J Clarke, John Bindley, 

B F Jones, C W Batchelor, 

C L Magee, W P Herbert, 

Norman M Smith, S P Harbison, 



John B Jackson, 
H I Gourley, 
M Oppenheimer, 



Chas Meyran, 
C S Fetterm an. 
Chas L Fitzhugh 



Historians. 

Rev A A Lambing, Judge J W F White. 

Committee on Literary Work and Advertising. 



J S Ritenour, Chairman, 
Percy F Smith, 



John N Neeb, 
Thomas P Roberts. 



J M Kelly 



Committees of Conference on the Part of the Councils of 
Pittsburgh and Allegheny. 

PITTSBURG. 

W N Irwin, . Joseph P Marshall. 



Select Council: -'W N Frew, 
Common Council: — Hugh Ferguson, 

Select Council: — Samuel Watso;i, 
Common Council: — C Steflfin, Jr., 



S H Shannon, 

ALLEGHENY. 

Wm W Speer, 
W J McDonald, 



J no 

Martin Lappe. 
Simon Drum. 



»<:EZE3^:tTE]3D-sr's>«- 



Foriiicrl.Y MOKfiABTS. 



lining, ice Iream and lunch looms, 

HDi^ixier frorri 11.30 to 2.30. 
(gi^BAMS, Salads, (gi^oQUEfHTES, ^g., Shipped E?i^0MPfiiLjY mo Oi^dei^. 

]Vo. 3 SI AIT II ST. 



Telephone 888, 



l>ITT!»BUR«If, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



109 



W BBUSH ELECTBIIl CO. 

CLEVELAND, OHIO 




MAnUPAGTIJl^EI^S OP 



BRUSH ARC 



-AND- 



¥ 



mim Electric Li 

ELECTRIC MOTORS, 

Carbons for Arc Lamps, &c. 

J NO. E. RIDALL, Agent, 

47 Fifth Avenue, - - - Pittsburgh, Pa. 



TELEPHONE 1357 



EASTERN OFFICES. 

36 UNION Square, New York. 



CHICAGO OFFICE, 

130 Washington St. 



no ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Rii^sT Day's I^i^ogi^ammb. 

MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 1888. 



Parade of Police and Fij^e Departfnents 

OF PITTSBURGH AND ALLEGHENY CITY. 



The Allegheny Police Department, under command of Chief 
of Police Simon Kirschler, forms at 1:15 a. m, on Federal street, 
right resting on north end of Suspension Bridge. 

Immediately following the police will be the Allegheny Fire 
Department, under command of Chief James E. Crow. Promptly 
at 9:15 o'clock the column will move over the Suspension Bridge 
to Pittsburgh, pass up along Sixth street to Market, along Market 
towards Water street. 

The Pittsburgh Police Force, under command of Supt. Gamble 
Weir and Assistant Supt. Roger O'Maia, will form on Liberty 
street, right resting on Market .street, at 9:15 a. m. 

The Pitt.sburgh Fire Department, under command of Chief 
Samuel N. Evans and Assistant Chiefs John Steele, Wm. Coates 
and James Stewart, will form on Liberty street, alongside of the 
Pittsburg police, right resting on Market street, at 9:15 a. m. 

When the rear of the Allegheny Fire Department reaches 
Market street the Pittsburg police will immediately follow, and 
the Pittsburgh Fire Department will bring up the rear. 

The route of the procession will be along Market street to 
Water, up Water to Smithfield, thence to Second avenue, along 
Second to Grant street, thence to Fifth avenue, where the pro- 
cession will pass in review before the City Officials and Councils of 
both cities, the distinguished invited guests and members of the 
Centennial Committee occupying the reviewing .stand, which will 
be erected immediately in front of the Court House. The proces- 
sion will then go down Fifth avenue to Wood street and disband. 

The time of starting and route is so arranged that the left of 
the procession will pass the reviewing stand at 10:00 a. m., sharp, 
so that the Dedication Ceremonies can then be immediately com- 
menced. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. Ill 



Moorhead-McCleane Co. 



-MANUFACTURERS OF- 



/kot»>, 



mm\B (9g) S HE iBon, 

SHEET AND PLATE IRON AND STEEL, 

Roofing- Iron and Special Wide Sheets, 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Eastern Warehouse : Western Warehouse : 

81 John Street, New York. 16 & 18 W. Lake St., Chicago, 111. 



,5 

JOSHUA RHODES, President. W. H. LATSHAW, Sec'y and Treas. 

Pennsylvania Tube Works, 



■MANUFACTURERS OF- 



Gas Pipe, Steam Pipe, 

Galvanized Pipe, Oil Well Tubing, Line Pipe, Oi] Well 
Casing and Drive Pipe. 

Office and Warehouse, No. 165 First Avenue, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Mill, Soho, - - Pittsburgh, Pa. 



112 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



FIRST DAY'S PROGRAMME-Cqntinued. 



Dedication of the New Coiu^t Ho7ise 



AT TEN O CLOCK A. M. 



1. MUSIC, "Hail Columbia," 

Centennial Orchestra. 

2. CAI,I,ING MEETING TO ORDER, by Hon. Morrison 

Foster^ Chaii^man Centennial Committee. 

3. NOMINATION OF Hon. E. H. STOWE AS PRESID- 

ING OFFICER, by Chairman Foster 

ANNOUNCING OF VICE PRESIDENTS and SECRE- 
TARIES. 

4. PRAYER, 

Rev. R. J. Coster. 

5. MUSIC, - - - - "Star Spangled Banner," 

Centennial Orchestra. 

6. PRESENTATION OF THE COURT HOUSE TO THE 

PEOPLE, by Robert F. Mercer, Fsq., President Board of 
Con 71 ty Com m ission ers. 

7. RECEIVING OF COURT HOUSE AND ORATION. 

Wm. M. Darlington, Fsq. 

8. MUSIC, - - - - " Red, White and Blue," 

Centennial Orchesti'a. 

9. SUBMITTING OF HISTORY OF THE COURT HOUSE, 

(in manuscript.) 

10. SHORT ADDRESSES. 

Hon. J. l]\ F. White, and Others. 

11. PRAYER. 

Rev. L. Mayer. 

12. BENEDICTION. 

Rev. B. F. Woodburn . 

13. MUSIC, - - - - "Duquesne Gray's March," 

Centennial Orchestra. 



Prof John Gkrnkrt, - Musical Dirkctor. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 113 

Bindley Hardware Co. 

46 & 48 SEVENTH AVE., 

Pittsburgh. 



" leading lardware louse." 

Originators and Designers of 

HARDWARE FOR FINE BUILDINGS. 

L H. Smim WOODEH WffllE DO.. Lllllltilll, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Broo]vis and Brushes, 

Wholesale Dealers in 

Wooden Ware, 




NOTIONS 

ir 

6R0GERS' SUNDRIES, &c. 

gog & gii Liberty St. 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 



114 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

FIRST DAY'S PROGRAMME-CONTINUED. 



Citizens Centennial Mass Meeting, 



AT TWO O CLOCK P. M. 



1. "HAIL COLUMBIA." 

Centennial Orchestra. 

2. SINGING, 

Chorus of School Children. 

3. CALIvING MEETING TO ORDER, by Hon. Morrison 

Foster, Chairman Centennial Committee. 

4. ANNOUNCEMENT OF Hon. JOHN H. BAILEY AS 

PRESIDING OFFICER, by Chairman Foster. 

ANNOUNCEMENT OF VICE PRESIDENTS and SEC- 
RETARIES. 

5. "THANKS BE TO GOD." - -* Mendelssohn. 

Centennial Chorus. 

6. PRAYER. 

Rev. Richard Lea, D. D. 

7. CENTENNIAL OVERTURE, - - 

Ce7i ten n ia I Orch estra . 

8. ORATION, 

Major A. M. Broivn. 

9. "OLD FOLKS AT HOME," - vStephen C. Foster. 

Centennial Chorus. 

10. ABvSTRACTS FROM HISTORY OF ALLEGHENY CO. 

Rev. A. A. Lambing. 

ir. "THE HEAVENS ARE TELLING." - Haydn. 

Cen ten n ial Chor us . 

12. PRAYER, 

Rev. T. J. Leak. 

13. BENEDICTION, 

Right Rev. Bishop R. Phclan. 

14. HALLELUJAH CHORUS, - - . - Handel. 

Cc?itennial Chorus and Orchestra. 

Prof. Jas. p. McCollum, - Director of Chorus and Orchestra. 
Prof. Fred. G. Toerge, - - - Director of Orchestra. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



115 



Establislieci 1835. 



West Point Boiler Works, 

23d & Smallman Sts., Pittsburgli, Pa. 

STEAM BOILERS, 

Tims m SHEET IMD UOill. 





Steam Drum Head. 
Eclipse Pat. Manhole, 

We have on hand a Large Stock of 

FIRST CLASS SECOND HAND BOILERS. 

N. B.— All Boilers made by us are supplied with the i::clil>se IVJailllole, 

R, MUNROE & SON. ^o?ES:: 



NO MORE LEAKY MANHEADS 

RePAIRING DONE PROMPTLY 



CHAS. REIZENSTEIN, 

pine Oinner and Tea Jets 

152 i IS4 FEDERAL ST., ILLEGHEKV. 



IN ALL GREES OF FOREIGN GOODS, 

Telephone 3330. 




116 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Second Day's I^i^ogi^amme. 



TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 1888, 



GRAND CIVIC PARADE 



OF the: 



Merchants, 

M anufaBurers , 

Labor Organizations, 
Societies, 

&c,, &c. 



-OF— 



^ALLEGHENY GOUNTY> 



Among the features of the Parade will be representations 
of the progress in modes of Transportation. Pack horses and 
mail riders^ the Conestoga wagons and stage coaches, the prim- 
itive batteaux and steamboats, the canal boat, the locomotive and 
the uniformed letter carriers. Also will be shown the progress of 
the manufacture of articles of Iron, Steel and Glass, together with 
Display Wagons of various commercial firms. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



117 





-FOR- 



Home, Office, Bank 
and Railroad Use. 



pj. 



711 Liberty St., 

Opposite Wood, Pittskrgfe. 

Catalogues on Application. 
Estimates on Special Work, 




J©£. WOOJ> Jt' 
# pl'T^-^SBV/R(ihi 



118 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



SECOND DAY'S PROGRAMME, Continued. 



CAPT. C. W. BATCHELOR, Chief Marshal. 

Adjuta7it Geyieral^ .... CoL. P. N. Guthrik. 
Chief of Stafl, .... Maj. H. A. Montooth. 

Headquarters at Monongahei^a House. 



Owing to the immense number of people wishing to participate in 
the parade, and the care which must be exercised in planning the route 
and arranging for the speedy handling of the different Divisions, the 
Committee on Second Day's Celebration is not able, at the time of going 
to press, to furnish the publishers further particulars. The daily papers 
will publish complete details at a later day. 



office of the | 

Chief Marshal Civic Parade \ 
allegheny co. centennial. } 
Circular No. i. 

Pittsburgh, September 3, 1888. 

The General Committee has decided the civil parade shall be 
represented by trades, occupations or professions as bodies, not 
separately as the employes of any particular person, firm or cor- 
poration. The desire is that the business of the County shall be 
fairly represented, but concentrated, rather than a large display of 
horses and wagons. If each trade can be satisfied with few wagons 
with some character representation, the Chief Marshal will be en- 
abled to concentrate the trades and insure the success of the entire 
parade. 

All representations included in the above, who desire to par- 
ade, will send to this office the character of their parades, with the 
names of officers to be communicated with. 

Footmen will also send early notice of what they represent, 
their members and officers. 

The Adjutant General will be on duty at the Chamber of 
Commerce daily from 10 a. m. to 5 p. m. to receive personal or 
written communications. 

By command of Chief Marshal, C. W. Batchelor. 

P. N. Guthrie, 
K. A. Montooth, Adjidant General, 

Chief of Staff. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 119 




48 Fiftf? /^u<?r7ue, 

Pittsburgh. 



o^. ryi(^r)bauiT) o \a 



Reception and Z^isiting Cards, 

ENGRAVED 

^ancij ^oods, 

IN PLUS 

^rfisfs ' £)? ^ fl feria fs, 



ENGRAVED IN THE PREVAILING STYLE. 



IN PLUSH. LEATHER AND METAL. 



A MOST COMPLETE LINE. 



H E ADQU ARTERS 

- FOR 

Lodge Supplies # Gostumes, 

F. G. REINEMAN. 



REGALIA OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS, 

Paraphernalia for Lodge Outfits, 

Flags, Banners, Badges, &c. 
Uniforms for Higher Branches, with 

Chapeaux, Caps, Szvords, Belts, Robes, &c., &c. 

Address all inquries to p Q REINEMAN, 

52 k 54 Sixth Street, Pittsburgh, Pa. 



120 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



©Hii^D Day's I^i^ogi^ammb. 



WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 26. 1888. 



Grand Military Parade. 



Major General JOHN F. HARTRANFT, 

Commander-in-Chief. 
HKADQUARTKRS, - - - MONONGAHELA HoUSE). 



KIRST DIVISION. 

Gen. JOHN A. WILEY, _ - . . Commander^ 



Second Brigade, Pennsylvania National Guard. 

Independent J\[ilitary Organizations, 

Visiting Military Organizations. 



SBCOND DIVISION. 

Gen. A. L. PEARSON, _ _ _ - Commander. 



Union Veteran Legion, 

Society of Ex-Prisoners of War. 



Survivors of Co. B, 9th Penn'a Reserves, 
Mexican Veterans. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 121 



Frank Fertig. Established 1870. J. M. GARFIELD 



Grarfielcl, Fertig & Co. 

BUILDERS' SUPPLIES, 

English, l|eMan aqd Americaii (Jegent^, 

PLASTER, LIME, SAND, FAIR, LATH, BRICK, 

Tile, Clay, Grate Fronts, English and American Mortar Colors, Sewer 

Pipe, Flue Linings, Chimney Stove Pipe, Chimney Tops, Flue 

Rings, Architectural Terra Cotta Work, Fire-Proof Building 

Material, and a full line of Terra Cotta Merchandise. 

65 and 67 San.dLisk:y Street, 

Tklephone No. 3151. ALLEGHENY, PA. 

The Scientific Adjustment 

OK SPECTACLBS. 



Perfect sight depends upon perfect regular refraction of light, all other conditions of the eyes 
being natural and healthy. 

The conditions of refraction change with age. Every person, sooner or later, looses perfect 
natural refraction, and must correct this artificially by glasses. 

No person is qualified to make the first adjustment for themselves with safety to the eyes. This 
is particularly the case where the refraction is irregular — that is, more or less refraction in one me- 
ridian than the others. This condition can not be corrected except by having the glasses made 
especially for each case, after careful measurement. Ihe apparent saving of money is a great 
waste of eyes and money to those who first select their own glasses. This has been fully proven by 
those who have had the most experience. DR. SADLER, SO-t Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, makes a 
specialty of such fittings, as well as all diseases, defects and deformities of Eye, Ear, Nose and 
Throat. 



THE BEYMER-BAUMAN LEAD CO. 

Corroders and Manufacturers of 

whit^e: lead, 

ESTABLISHED 1867. DRY AND IN OIL. 

Red Lead, Litharge and Orange Mineral, 

Of Superior Quality, made with Natural Gas Fuel, 
rendering them Absolutely Free from Sulphur. 

Office, Hamilton Building, 91 Fifth Avenue, 

INCORPORATED iSB;. Boston Branch, DEXTER BROS., 57 Broad St. 







1>aWHITE^) 



$rsBO^ 



122 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THIRD DAY'S PROGRAMME-CONTINUED. 



THIRD IJIVISION. 
€}RA:^I> AR:fIY OF THE REPUBIilC. 

Major JAS. L. GRAHAM, Commander. 
HeaDQUAKTKK.S, - - - MONONGAHKI.A HoUSE. 



First Division— A. J. McQUITTY, Comuiander, 

Assistant Adjutant General J. C. Seis. 

Chief of Staff, .J. SoRFFKL. 



Second Division— JOHN B. HOLMES, Commander, 

Assistant Adjutant General, Thos. Irwin. 

Chief of Staff', Fraxk Fleck. 



Third Division— JOHN HARVEY, Commander. 
Assistant Adjutant General, - - - - Sidney O.mohundro. 
Chief of Staff', J as. M. McKee 



At eleven o'clock, a. m., the column will move along Smithfield 
street to Second avenue, to Grant street, to Fifth avenue, to Market 
street, to Sixth street, to Penn avenue, to Seventh street, across the 
Seventh Street Bridge, up Sandusky street to Church avenue, to Cedar 
avenue, to North avenue, to Montgomery avenue, to Federal street, (re- 
viewing stand at Diamond Square, Allegheny), down Federal street to 
Sixth Street Bridge, If the left of column has passed Sixth street and 
Penn avenue, the right of column will move to Market and Liberty 
street and dismiss ; if the rear of the column is still moving on Sixth 
street, the right of column will move down Duquesne way and dismiss. 



^mA Di^plaij of FireWoi^li^?. 

Oo the evening of each day there will bi' a grand display of Fireworks, 

the time an 1 place of which, with further particulars, will 

be published in the daily papers. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTEMNIAL. 123 



D.&F.S.WELTY, 



Established, 1869. 



Carpets and Wall Paper, 

Wholesale and Retail. 

THE ONLY JOBBING HOUSE IN THE CITY. 



To supply our Jobbing Trade, we buy our Carpets, Wall Paper, Oil Cloths, 
Mattings, Window Shades, Lace Curtains, etc., from first hands in Large Quantities 
and at Lowest Prices. This enables us to offer every inducement in our Retail 
Department. 

Our prices are always as Low, if not LOWER, than any other house in 
the city. A full stock for Fall Trade, at 

120 FEDERAL STREET, - 65 and 67 PARK WAY, 
_A.lleglieny , Pa . 



1834., 1888, 

Thos. Wightman & Co. 



LIMITED 



WINDOW GLASS, 

Rough and Ribbed Plate Glass, 

Coloi-ed, Enameled arid Embossed Glass, Cathedral and Ondoyarit 

Glass, Elini, Green and Amber Vials and Bottles, 

Fruit Jars, Pickle Jars, Beer and 

Mineral Water Bottles, 

SftUCE BOTTLES, DEMIJOHNS, WINE AND BRANDY BOTTLES, 

ETC., ETC. 

No. 209 Wood Street,* 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



124 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



PRINCIPAL POINTS OF INTEREST 

And How to Reach Them. 



ALLEGHENY ARSENAL. 

The only United States arsenal in this partof the country is situated 
on Penn avenue, near Butler street. The Citizens' Traction cars pass 
the gates of the Arsenal. It is open to the public from 6 o'clock A. M. 
to 9 o'clock p. M. The grounds were established by the Government in 
1812, and contains fifty acres. Entering through the massive gateway, 
which is guarded day and night by a sentinel, the beautiful grounds 
spread out before one, and he may wander over them at will. Directly 
in front of the entrance is the large stone building used as a store house. 
To the right are the officers' quarters, and ranging on each side of the 
grounds are the barracks and store-houses. The force stationed here 
consist of the officers and twenty-six enlisted men, under command of 
Major G. W. McKee. 

BASE BALL GROUNDS. 

The Allegheny base ball grounds, which have been brought into 
national reputation by the many games of ball the League have played 
there, are in Recreation Park, Allegheny, and may be reached by means 
of the P., Ft. W. & C. R. R. and principal street car lines passing along 
Sixth street, Pittsburg, and Federal street, Allegheny. Thegroundsare 
supplied with a fine grand stand, ample free seats, and has one of the 
best diamonds in the country. 

braddock's field. 

Time has obliterated all marks to show where this celebrated battle 
was fought, and there seems to be but little information more reliable 
than tradition to tell the exact place where this general, with his picked 
army of England's best soldiers, took their first and severest lesson in 
the methods of Indian warfare. It is generally conceded that the exact 
location of the battle was east of the town of Braddock, on or near the 
ground now occupied by the Edgar A. Thomson steel works, though 
there is neither monument nor stone to mark the exact location. The B. 
& O. R. R. and P. R. R. run a number of trains daily to Braddock. 

soldiers' monument. 

Occupying a prominent position in the parks, on Monument Hill, 
and within view of the greater part of the two cities, stands the Sol- 
diers' Monument. It can be reached by a foot-path from Irwin avenue. 
The top of the hill has been graded for its reception, but nothing further 
has been done to beautify the surroundings. The monument was built 
by the Ladies' Allegheny County Monumental Association, at an ex- 
penditure of about 136,000. 

the observatory. 

Situated on Observatory Hill, Allegheny City, about 400 feet above 
the waters of the Ohio river, is the long low building known as the 
Allegheny Observatory. It is abundantly supplied with all the 
necessary apparatus for astronomical observation. Scientific men are al- 
ways welcome, but the doors are not open to the general public. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



125 




Stevens Chair Co. 

No. 3 Sixth St., Pittsburgh, 

Manufacturer and Dealer in SPECIALTIES. 



Office 
Chairs, 



DESKS 



All Kinds, 
Grades & Prices 



WHEEL CHAIRS and PHYSICIANS' CHAIRS. 

Telephone No. 1529. Various kinds of Invalids'Goods in Stock 




I 



CO 
UJ 

CZ3J 

00 

55 




ft III Eg QtKn^-szm^SM^ 

^ . . ' ""1..' ■! hi^lTTiillE ""^ ^ l .. l .i.M.. '' ..M ' . ■ * '' ^ 






CO 



00 

m 



V/ILLIAM SEMPLE^S, 

y^os. /^5, 167 and 169 Federal Street, Allegheny City, Pa. 

Have always on hand the latest production in 

Rich DRESS GOODS, Both Foreign and Domestic. 

Our Fall importations exceed anything previously attempted, and all at 
our well known low prices. Special attention paid to BLACK GOODS, 
Staple Goods and latest Novelties, at lowest prices 

BLACK AND COLORED DRESS silKs, 

From 50 cents a yard up. See our specialty in Black Gros Grain at |1.00^ 
$1.25 and $1.50, well known to be worth 50 cents a yard more. 

Flannels and Blankets, White and Colored, at Closest Prices. 

CLOAK ROOM— Replete with Newest Styles in Wraps. Raglans, 

Jackets, Shawls, &c. 
SUITS— Latest Fall Materials for Ladies and Misses. This department 

well worth visiting. 
TABLE LINENS— Our own importation. Napkins and Towels at low 

prices. • 

CARPETS— Rugs, Mats, Oil Cloths, &c. Newest patterns from best 

mills at low prices. 
MEN'S FURNISHING GOODS— Shirts, Drawers, Neckwear, Collars, 

Cuffs, &c. 
MILLINERY DEPARTMENT— One of the largest in the house. 

Sloves, Eorsets, Hosiery and Ladies' Underwear, at Lowest Prices. 



126 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



WESTERN PENITENTIARY. 

Situated at Woods Run Station, on the P., Ft. W. & C. R. R., and 
near the terminus of the Union street car line, is the Western Peniten- 
tiary, more commonly known as the Riverside Penitentiary. The 
building is a very imposing structure, and was first occupied in 1884, 
when the prisoners were moved to it from the old penitentiary building 
in the Allegheny Parks. The buildings are of iron, stone and slate, and 
are fire-proof. When completed the buildings will contain 1,200 celLs, 
and will have every known effective sanitary appliance in use. Visitors 
are admitted daily, except Sundays and holidays, from 2 to 4 p. m. 
Take the P., Ft. W. & C. R. R. to Woods Run Station, or the Union line 
of street cars. Admission tickets can be secured from any of the follow- 
ing gentlemen : Geo. A. Kelly, J as. McCutcheon, James B. Reed, Wm. 
F. Trimble and John S. Slagle. 

Y. M. c. A. 

The building of the Young Men's Christian Association of Pittsburg 
is located at the corner of Penn avenue and Seventh street. The build- 
ing was finished in 1884 at a cost of $100,000. It contains a first-class 
gymnasium, a reading room and library room for evening and educa- 
tional classes, and handsomely furnished parlors and reception rooms, 
with games, etc. The reading rooms are free, and strangers are cordially 
welcomed. The rooms are open from 8 a. m. to 10 p. m. each day, and 
from 2 to 6 p. m. on Sundays. The Association has branches at Forty- 
third and Butler streets, and at corner of Penn and Collins avenues, and 
a railroad branch at Twenty-eighth street and P. R. R. 

THE INCLINES. 

The first incline railroad ever built in any city exclusively for 
passenger traffic was the Monongahela Incline, on Mt. Washington, 
nearly opposite the Smithfield street bridge. This incline is 640 feet 
long, the track standing at an angle of 36 degrees, and, though running 
since May 28, 1870, not a passenger has been injured through the fault 
of the company. From the top of this and the Penn avenue incline, 
running from Seventeenth street, are two of the finest views of the 
cities that can be found. The Mt. Oliver Incline, from South Twelfth 
street, is 1,700 feet long, and last year carried nearly a million passengers. 
The Duquesne Incline is 793 feet long, and stands at an angle of 21^ de- 
grees. The Penn Incline, from Seventeenth street, extends across the 
P. R. R. tracks, resting on two stone piers, and its construction is con- 
sidered a triumph of mechanical engineering. 

RACE TRACKS. 

Pittsburg has two of the best race tracks in the country. The 
Homewood track is situated near Homewood Station, on the P. R. R,, 
about six miles from the Union Station. It is a mile track, with ample 
stables, etc. Some of the best time ever made was made on this trac4v. 
The Exposition Driving Park, at which most of the races are held, is 
situated near the Point bridge, Allegheny, and has a first-class half- 
mile track, finest grand stand, ample stables, etc. 

NEVILLE STREET ENGINE HOUSE. 

Standing without a rival in point of architectural beauty and fine- 
ness of finish is the Neville street engine house. The exterior is of 
pressed brick and highly ornamented. The interior is finely finished 
in the natural color of the wood, while all the iron work in the main 
room is silver-plated, every convenience being supplied the building 
that ingenuity could devise. The building was erected at a cost of over 
$40,000, and is without doubt the finest building in the world devoted to 
the use of a fire department. It is situated on Neville street, near Fifth 
avenue street car line, and is about forty minutes' ride from the centre 
of th city. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



127 



pOLY \\mp GOLLEljE 

Bluff Street. Pittsburgh, Pa. 




BOA.IlT> 0]b^ TRUSTEED. 

Very Rev. Jos. Strub, C. S. Sp President 

Rev. Francis Schwab, C. S. Sp Vice President 

Rev. John T. Murphy, C. S. Sp Secretary 

Rev. John Wilms, C. S. Sp Treasurer 

Rev. Eugene Phelan, C. S. Sp Director 

Rev. John Griffin, C. S. Sp Director 

F^OXJLTIT 188S— 1880. 

Rev, John T, Murphy, C. S. Sp., President Prefect of Studies 

Rev. A. J. Zielenbach,C. S. Sp., Treasurer Professor of German 

Rev. Eugene Phelan, C. S. Sp Director of Scholastics, Professor of Latin and Greek 

Rev. John Griffin, C. S. Sp ....Music, Latin and Greek 

Rev. Patrick McDermott, C. S. Sp English and Philosophy 

Rev. Martin Hehir, C. S. Sp Mathematics and Commercial Branchy 

Rev. Robert Tobin, C. S. Sp English and Latin 

Rev. Jos. Barth, C. S. Sp Classics and German 

Rev. Peter Bredenbent, C. S. Sp Latin and German 

Rev. David Fitzgibbons, C. S. Sp English, Commercial Branches and Elocution 

Mr. Henry McDermott, C. S. Sp Latin and English, Assistant Disciplinarian 

Br. yincentius Turly, C. S Sp Mathematics and Commercial Branches, Assistant Disciplinarian 

Br. Fabian Wimmer, C. S. Sp Grammar Class, Assistant Disciplinarian 

Mr. W. T. Dempsey, B. A Drawing, Penmanship, Shorthand and Typewriting 

Mr. Webster S. Ruckman, B. Sc Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Commercial Branches 

Mr. A. D. Kennedy, B. Sc T.heoretical and Actual Business Cours^ 



128 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



DAVIS ISLAND DAM. 

One of the greatest hindrances to the building up of the river inter- 
ests of Pittsburg was the fact that tlie low stage of the water during the 
summer, often less than two feet, rendered it impossible to gather the 
coal barges as thej^ came down the slack waters of the Monongahela 
river, into fleets in proper shape to take advantage of the rises in the 
river, in many cases the entire time of a "boating stage" of water being 
consumed in arranging the fleets, which would then have to wait for 
another rise. So great was this difficulty that Congress was repeatedly 
petitioned to provide a remedy, which it did by building Davis Island 
Dam across the river near Bellevue Station, on the P., Ft. W. & C. R. 
R. The point selected for the dam is six feet lower than the river at the 
Smithfield street bridge, and is twelve feet high, giving a depth of over 
seven feet of water, forming the finest inland harbor in the world, suf- 
ficiently large for 6,000 boats, allowing for the free movement of each. 
This allows the immense number of coal barges which are brought down 
the Monongahela river to be brought into the Ohio river and properly 
arranged into fieets. ready to take advantage of every rise in the river. 
The dam was completed in the summer of 1885, and opened October 7, 
1885, with appropriate ceremonies under the auspices of the Chamber of 
Commerce. The cost of the dam is $750,000. It is 1,223 feet long and 
twelve feet high. It is composed of "wickets," or gates, so arranged 
that they can be lowered or raised at will. On the eastern shore is the 
lock, the largest in the world, it being 600 feet long and 110 feet wide, 
inside measurement. The gates are controlled by specially arranged 
machinery, and so complete are all the arrangements made that the 
filling and emptying of the immense lock is but the work of a few 
minutes. 

ALLEGHENY PARKS. 

By Act of General Assembly, March 12, 1788, the town of Allegheny 
was ordered to be plotted, and among the provisions of the Act was one 
that one hundred acres should be reserved for common pasture for the 
benefit of the lot owners. In 1818 the Western Penitentiary was built 
in the grounds, remaining until they were removed recently to River- 
side. In 1869 the work of fitting it up into parks was begun in earnest. 
The grounds now contain 96.^ acres, and are valued at $1,750,000, the im- 
provements on them amounting to over $350,000. 

While all the portions of the parks are well worthy of a visit, the 
principal interest centers in West Park, which contains the Phipp's 
Conservatory, the lakes, the music pavillion, the ornamental beds, ete. 

CEMETERIES. 

The Homewood Cemetery, which can be reached by a half-mile walk 
from Homewood Station, on the P. R. R., is comparatively new, but 
possesses much beauty of landscape and many noteworthy monuments. 

The Uniondale Cemetery, the entrance to which is near the terminus 
of the Pleasant Valley street car line, is the principal cemetery in Alle- 
gheny, and contains, on a commanding site near the entrance, one of 
the finest monuments in the two cities, it alone being well worth a visit, 
while many other interesting monuments and bits of scenery may be 
found near. 

The Allegheny Cemetery is situated in the Seventeenth and Eigh- 
teenth wards. There are two entrances, one on Butler street and one on 
Penn avenue, both entrances being on the lines of the Citizens' Traction 
Company, which may be taken at any point on Penn avenue. This 
cemetery has gained a reputation for beauty second only to the cele- 
brated Greenwood Cemetery of New York, and it is well worth a visit 
from the stranger. A constant succession of high hills, deep and beau- 
tiful valleys, covered by majestic trees, and traversed by roadways wind- 
ing in and out among*^the hills, combine to give glimpses of natural 
scenery and of nature beautified by art, that cannot be found in any 
other grounds in the country. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



129 



DIMLING 



A 
UJ 

CO 

Y 




o 

o 

m 
o 

o 

:^ 
m 
pa 



Ladies & Setts' Binlug, LuqgQ & lee Cream Parlors 



Regular Dinner Served Up Stairs, from 11 till 2 o'clock, 
at the Popular Price 

'XT7;rei::Lt37--:E=^i"ve Cents. 



409p.^H11 MARKETS!. 



PITTSBtJRGH, PA. 



130 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



If the visitor enters by the Butler street entrance one of the first 
monuments of note to be seen will be that of Rev. Chas. Avery, the 
famed philanthropist. This monument was erected to his memory in 
1860, at a cost of $18,000, which was paid by private contributions, largely 
from the colored race. 

Near this monument is one in honor of Gen. Alexander Hays, one 
of the best known generals in the United States Army. But a short 
walk from this, near and on Section 8i are in close proximity, a collec- 
tion of as magnificent and expensive monuments as can be found on the 
same space in any cemetery in the country. Among the best monu- 
ments in this section are those to Porter, Laughlin, Reed, Rook, O'Neill, 
Vandergrift, McKelvey, Miller and others. Near these is also the mon- 
ument erected by the Allegheny Cemetery in honor of Commodore 
Barney and Lieutenant Parker, of the U. S. Navy. On Section 21 a 
plain monument marks the grave of Stephen C. Foster, author of "Old 
Folks at Home." He was born on the day that ex-Presidents John 
Adams and Thomas Jeflferson died, July 4th, 1826, and living here amid 
the smoke of Pittsburg he gave to the world his beautiful melodies that 
have thrilled the souls of millions and built him a monument in the 
hearts of the people more lasting than marble or granite-spire. As is 
not uncommonly the case others reaped a large share of the profits from 
his publications, so that although the combined circulation of the printed 
copies of the "Old Folks at Home," "My Old Kentucky Home," 
"Willie, We Have Missed You," "Massa's in the Cold, Cold Ground," 
"Ellen Bayne," and "Old Dog Tray" exceeded one million copies, yet 
he received but meagre returns from them, and died in comparative 
poverty. Among the other places well worthy of a visit is the Receiv- 
ing Vault (one of the finest ever built) and tjie Moorehead Mausoleum, 
while many other expensive monuments will be seen. Of soldiers who 
lie buried here are the graves of Gen. Alexander Hayes, Gen. C. F. 
Jackson, Col. Jas. H. Childs, Col. O. H. Rippey, Col. Samuel W Black, 
Major Albert M. Harper, and nearly twelve hundred of their brave 
comrades. 

PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 

Of public libraries the city has two — the Mercantile Library, at the 
corner of Penn avenue and Sixth street, which is open daily from 9 A. 
M. to 6 P. M., and is free to strangers; and the Young Men's Christian 
Association Library and Reading Rooms, at the corner of Penn avenue 
and Seventh street. 

THE NEW COURT HOUSE. 

One of the most striking features of the city and one that will attract 
the stranger is the massive pile of granite — the Court House for Alle- 
gheny county. Standing on high ground and itself a massive pile of 
iron and granite, towering high above all surrounding buildings, it is by 
far the finest specimen of architecture that can be found in tlie city. 
The architect, in laying his plans, has combined the experience to he 
gained from an examination of all buildings of the world used for simi- 
lar purposes, and while the interior is complete in the minutest detail, 
he has combined massiveness and symetry in such a happy manner that 
the finished building stands without a rival in general appearance. The 
building is bounded by Grant, Diamond and Ross streets and Fifth 
avenue. It is 208x306 feet, three stories high, with a basement twelve 
feet high. It is built in the form of a square, with a large court in the 
center for light and ventilation. Around the court on the first floor is a 
wide corridor opening into the various offices. The roof of the building 
is of Akron tile laid on an iron truss frame and secured by copper wire, the 
apex of the roof being sixty-five feet above the masonry. Surmounting 
the building is the tower, 425 feet high. The main attraction of the in- 
terior will be the grand staircase, which is of blue stone and Indiana lime- 
stone, and is sustained by a labyrinth of stone arches. When completed 
the cost of the building will be over $2,250,000. Connecting it with the 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



131 




SILK AND STIFF HATS 



JIVKKAIN&SOK 



MANUFACTURERS 
b^809 PENNAVE 



MADE TO ORDER. 



WE KEEP CONSTANTLY ON HAND A 

FULL LINE OF ALL THE LATEST 

STYLES OF STIFF AND 

SOFT HATS. 



NO. 809 PENNAVE, 

NEAR NINTH ST. 

PITTSBURGH. PA. 



1845. 



Amzi Dodd, President. 



THE 



1888. 



piutual Beiient Life Iprap Co 



NEWARK, N. J 



Assets, Market Value, Jan. 1, 1888, 
Paid Policy Holders siuce organizatiou, - - - 
Paid through Pittsburgh Agency last 22 years, 
493 Claims, aggregating _ - . - 

Forfeiture Abolished. 
Security Absolute. 
Cost Reduced to a Minimum. 
All Accumulations at the Dis- 
posal OF Policy Holders. 



$ 42.111.233.33 
97,539.084.01 

2.436.363.64 



A 



POLICY. 



F. T. LXJSK, State .A.gei'it,- 

83 Fourth Avenue, '^^LndTnt' - - - Pittsburgh, Pa. 



182 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

<^,ounty jail and extending over Ross street is a bridge modelled after the 
famous "Bridge of riighs," of historic renoM^n. This is used for conveying 
prisoners to and from the jail and is one of the most striking features of 
the building. The entire building is of granite and is as near fire-proof as 
it is possible to make a building, as there is no combustible material in it ex- 
cept the inside furnishing, of the rooms. The heating and ventilation of 
the rooms are under perfect control at all times. The heat, by means of 
immense furnaces, and the ventilation by means of immense fans with 
which pure air is drawn into the building from the top of the tower, 
high above the smoke and dirt of the city. 

MUNICIPAL HALL. 

Municipal Hall, standing on Smithfield street, near Fifth avenue 
is a handsome structure of cut stone, occupying a lot 120 x 110 feet; the 
tower of the building is 175 feet high and contains a large clock and the 
lire alarm bell. The ground on which the building stands cost $100,000, 
and when completed the building cost $700,000. At the head of the first 
flight of stairs is placed the stone first put in the wall of the old Block 
House. From the balcony just under the great bell, and over one 
hundred feet from the ground, an excellent view of the business portion 
of the city can be had. The balcony is easily reached by taking the ele- 
vator to the upper floor and ascending three flights of stairs. 

THE WATER WORKS. 

No place in or about the two cities possesses more of interest to the 
visitor than the water works, on the banks of the Allegheny river, at 
Brilliant. They can be reached by rail on the Allegheny Valley Rail- 
road to Brilliant station, or, by what is much the pleasa'ntest route, a 
beautiful carriage drive of one and one-half miles from the East End 
out North Hiland avenue to the reservoir, and from there by a steep but 
well-graded road down to the pumping station. The water is taken from 
the Allegheny river at the head of Six Mile Island, six miles from the 
junction of the two rivers, far above where the sewerage of the city is 
emptied in the river, securing the purest water used in the United States, 
excepting that taken from the Kennebec river, in Maine. 

THE OLD BLOCK HOUSE. 

The old Block House is situated on Fort street, near Penn avenue, 
and, though one of the most interesting buildings in the city, from a 
historical standpoint, it is but little thought of, and is now a tenement 
house occupied by some of the poorer classes of the city. It was built in 
1764 by Col. Bouquet. Elsewhere in this book can be seen engravings of 
this historical relic, both at the time it was built and as it appears at the 
present time. The stone which was placed in the wall by Col. Bouquet, 
has since been removed and may now be seen in the wall at the head of 
the first flight of stairs in Mimicipal Hall, on Smithfield street. 

THE EXPOSITION. 

Since the burning the Exposition Building, with its consequent loss 
of an immense amount of not only valuable property but of relics and 
heirlooms that money could not replace, there has been occasional 
efforts to rebuild on a larger and grander scale than ever before, but un- 
til last year nothing definite was accomplished. Finally arrangements 
were completed that promised a successful issue, plans secured and work 
begun on the wharf of the Allegheny river, near the Point Bridge. The 
work was stopped by legal complications, but these have been removed 
and the building will be completed in time to hold an exposition in 
1889. The buildings, as shown, will be of the latest and handsomest 
styles of architecture, and very substatially built. They will consist of 
two large buildings, one to be known as Machinery Hall and the other 
as Music Hall, the latter of substantial size and construction, for the use 
of (joncerts, conventions, etc., for lack of which many conventions of 
national importance have had to go to other and less convenient cities. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



133 



im BWE m TOYEKE Go. 




Bronze and Brass Founders. 



Engine, Locomotive, Car 

AND Rolling Mill Brasses 

Tuyeres, Bosh Plates, Coolers, &c. 



Nos. 2829 & 2831 SMALLMAN STREET, 

Pittsburgh. Pa. 



134 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THEATRES. 

Grand Opera House, 92 Fifth avenue, below Smithfield street. 
Harris' Family Theatre, 94 Fifth avenue, below Smithfield street. 
Bijou Theatre, 19 Sixth street, near Penn avenue. 
Academy of Music, Liberty street, between Smithfield and Wood 
streets. 

Casino Museum, Fifth avenue, near Wood street. 



DR. SADLER. 

Among the specialists of Pittsburgh none takes a higher rank than 
Dr. Sadler, whose offices are at No. 804 Penn avenue, Pittsburgh. The 
doctor makes a specialty of adjusting spectacles to the eyes and after 
careful measurement. Besides being a specialist in all that pertains to 
defective sight, the doctor treats all diseases, defects and deformities of 
eye, ear, nose and throat, etc. 

GARFIELD, FERTIG & CO. 

Garfield, Fertig & Co., 65 and 67 Sandusky street, Allegheny, Pa.— 
A review of the mercantile and manufacturing interests of Pittsburgh 
reveals the existence here of many notable concerns engaged in most of 
the multifarious branches of trade and commerce. A prominent and 
prosperous firm in their line is that of Garfield, Fertig & Co., whose 
offices and spacious warehouses are located at Nos. 65 and 67 Sandusky 
street, Allegheny, adjacent to the West Penn railroad. Messrs. Garfield, 
Fertig & Co. commenced business in 1870, when they bought out the 
agency for the Akron Sewer Pipe Company. They deal extensively in 
sewer pipe, terra cotta merchandise, cement, plaster, lime, sand, fire 
brick, tile, clay, etc., and employ constantly from twelve to fifteen men. 
They have their own warehouse, sidings, yards, and ship their goods to 
every point in the United States, while they always carry a heavy stock 
to meet the constantly increasing requirements of the trade. The firm 
consists of Messrs. J. M. Garfield and Frank Fertig, both young and 
enterprising men. They are good types of our self-made business men, 
and their career reflects credit upon their sterling integrity and honor- 
able mercantile principles. 



ATLAS BRONZE AND TUYERE CO. 

Among tne many and varied manufacturing interests in the coun- 
try none have made greater progress than those in brass and bronze. 
Especially is this the case of those engaged in the manufacture of rolling 
mill and blast furnace appliances. Conspicuous among the many and 
standing out prominently in the front rank, we would call attention to 
the Atlas Bronze and Tuyere Co., Nos. 2829 and 2831 Smallman street, 
Pittsburgh, Pa., manufacturers of blast-furnace appliances in bronze, 
rolling mill, engine and car brasses, etc. Although one of the youngest 
firms in that line they have, by intelligent conception of the required 
necessities of the trade, succeeded in producing a metal that has, in 
every instance, given entire satisfaction. They stand ready at any time 
to enter into competition with any other brand on the market. Em- 
ploying none but first-class workmen, and using the best material, they 
can, at all times, guarantee entire satisfaction. This is evidenced by the 
fact that where quality was desired they have never yet lost a customer. 
The contract has been let, and they will, in a short time, occupy their 
new building, which will be complete in every detail, com[)rising foun- 
dry, machine and pattern shop, to be erected on the site of their present 
temporary one. We would say to those who have had trouble with 
their castings, give them a call. They will at all times be pleased to fur- 
nish references as to quality and service. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



13o 



PRENTICE & HACKETT, 

1009 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, 

BUILDERS SUPPLIES. 





Lawn Vases, Hanging Baskets, Flower Pots, &c. 



This well known firm commenced business in March, 1877, and 
soon thereafter was recognized as the leading house in this city in the 
line of builders' supplies, which position they hold at the present time. 
The firm is composed of W. J. Prentice, of Allegheny City, and Geo. W. 
Hackett, of Pittsburgh, both energetic and industrious business men. 
No firm has had greater success in business than Prentice & Hackett; 
being men who thoroughly understand the wants of the building trade 
in every detail, they were not long in securing control of the best 
grade of goods to be found in the country, and soon succeeded in build- 
ing up a trade of which any firm should be justly proud, as they num- 
ber among their customers most of the first-class builders and contrac- 
tors in the cities of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. They enjoy the confi- 
dence of all the leading contractors and dealers in builders' supplies 
throughout Pennsylvania, Eastern Ohio and West Virginia, their trade 
being by no means a local one, as some of the goods handled by them 
are shipped to the Eastern and Southern States. Besides being largely 
interested in the manufacture of cement and sewer pipe, they carry in 
stock, at their warehouses, 1009 Liberty avenue and 54 Fountain street, 
the largest and best selected stock of Keen's fine cement, imported Port- 
land cement, American Portland cement, Rosendale cement, Buffalo 
cement, Louisville cement, Cumberland cement. Honey Comb lime, 
Great Western lime, plasterers' hair, French Calcined piaster. Selected 



136 ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Calcined plaster, " Star " Calcined plaster, Dental plaster, Land plaster. 
Centre pieces, Brackets, white sand, Kalsomine, drain tile, joist tile, 
boiler tile, grate tile, fire brick of all kinds, split brick, all styles of orna- 
mental brick, gutter brick, soapstone finish, coloring for mortar, fancy 
flower pots, fancy flower vases, lawn vases, chimney tops, flue rings, 
fire clay, roofing paper, blackboard material and liquid blackboard 
slating to be found in the city. 

Cements are usually tested scientifically by engineers and archi- 
tects, but there is no test equal to the test of time, and the masonry 
that withstands the ravages of frost and flood can be referred to 
with pride as monuments held up to the eye of the critic, that 
cannot be erased, and Messrs. Prentice & Hackett below refer to some of 
the many pieces of masonry that have been built with cement furnished 
by them, and, judging from the past and present indications, will be 
monuments to their honesty and integrity long after they are laid to 
rest. The following bridges on Mouongahela river, viz: The Smithfield 
street bridge, bridges at Homestead and Monongahela City, Pa. Bridges 
on Youghiogheny river, at McKeesport and Dawson, Pa. Bridges on 
the Allegheny riVer, the new pier for Union bridge, the Seventh street 
bridge, 33d street bridge, Herr's Island bridge, Foxburg bridge; Ohio 
river bridge, at Beaver, Pa.; also bridge across Beaver river, the founda- 
tions of the new Riverside Penitentiary, the new Custom House and 
Postoffice building, this city, and manyother county bridges and gov- 
ernment work to which they could refer. In 1887 when strong competi- 
tion brought large quantities of adulterated foreign cement into this 
market, they, determining to have a genuine Portland cement which they 
could oflTer to their customers and sustain their well earned reputation , 
associated themselves with W. O. Kirkland and Philip Fisher, of 
Wampum, Pa., and formed a company (for the manufacture of Portland 
cement, known as the National Cement Co., Limited,) and secured a prac- 
tical English manufacturer, who had 17 years' experience in the manu- 
facture of Portland cement, and who found, on the property owned by 
this company, a material which is equal to any in Europe, and 
from which a superior Portland cement is now made, and their large 
works are taxed to the' full capacity to fill orders. They have also, 
in addition to the cement mills, erected mills for the manufacture of 
their Black Diamond hydraulic lime, which is rapidly growing^n favor 
with all masons on account of its superior quality and the economy 
in using it in preference to lump lime. This they also manufacture, in 
addition to supplying the best sandstone for building purposes that is to 
be found in the Beaver valley. Their mills and quarries, being located 
on three trunk lines of railroad, gives them the advantage of the lowest 
freight rates north, south, east and west. The officers of the National 
Cement Co., Limited, are W. O. Kirkland, President; G. W. Hackett, 
Secretray and Treasurer; Philip Fisher, W; J. Prentice, G. W. Hackett 
and W, b. Kirkland, Managers. The office of the company is at 1009 
Liberty street, Pittsburg. 



PRENTICE & HACKETT, 

1009 Liberty Street, - PITTSBURGH, PA, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. J37 



Prentice & SacKett, 




Seujer pipe and Terra Cotta goods, 




CENTRE PIECES^M BRACKETS 




Office, 1009 Liberty St., Pittsburgh, Pa 



138 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ORGANIZED MAY, 1887. 



CAPITAL, $100,000. 



SURPLUS, $6,500. 



BANK OF McKEESPORT, 



A. B. Campbell. 
H. W. Hitzrot. 



directors: 

E. F. Woods. A. W. Mellon. W. C. Soles. 



Jas. u. Murray. 



S. O. Lowry. 



R. L. Riggs. 



JAIVLKS EVANS, Fre«. HORACE CROSBY, Vice I*re«. 

E. G^. RATsTKIlSr, Casshier. 
A <]>eiier»l Banking Business Transa^'ted. 

€OIiIiE€TIONS Promptly Attended to. 



H. B. SINCLAIR. President. 

W. E. HARRISON. Vice President. 



JAMES S. KUHN, Cashier. 
ROB'T J. EDIE, Teller. 



First National Bank, 



]Mcitii:E:Hi»oiiT, r»^. 




Capital, 

SURPLl!S, 



$67,000 
1^87,000 



I>lRC:i TORS. 

J>o. H. P'lagler, 
H. B. Sinclair, 
James Wilson, 
J. W. Bailee, 

E. C. CONV^EESE, 

W. E. Harrison, 
J NO. F. Neel, 

H. B. Cochran, 
James S. Kuhn, 
E. G. Wood, 

W. P. W AMPLER, 
B. COURSIN. 



HOTEL ViTHITE, 



S. E. CAROTHERS, PROPRIETOR. 



306, 308 & 310 Fifth Avo. 



McKEESPORT, PA. 



The "White" is located in the business centre, and witli thirty-six 
well hghted and well furnished rooms is the leading hotel of the city. 

OFFICE AND SIDEBOARD ON FIRST FLOOR. 



Helephone JVo. a«. TKRMS, I8(2 PKR I>AY, 

First-elass Liivery attaelied to House. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



139 



-FOR 



^stroUght iron 

tUbUlar goods 

OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, ADDRESS, 

The Ijational ^ube |||orks (Jompany. 




Boston, ]VIass., and IVTcKeesport, !Pa. 

OFFICES jIlIVI> TVA^REHOTJ&ES : 

Boston, Mass. New York City, N. Y. Pittsburg, Pa. 

Philadelphia, Pa. St. Louis, Mo. Chicago, 111. 



Standard Steam, Gas and Water Pipe; Lap-welded Boiler Tubes-brands; Mack's Patent Injectors; 
Natural Gas Line Pipe; Artesian, Salt and Oil Well Tubing and Casing; Drive Pipe; Heavy- 
Flush Joint Tubing; Inserted Joint Casing; Hydraulic Tubes; Lap-welded Tuyere 
Pipe; Light Flanged Pipe; Pump Columns; Harvester Pipe; Railroad 
Tubular Goods; Specialties for Gas, Oil, Water and Natural 
Gas Systems, &c. 



140 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



WERNKE BROS 



BUILDERS OF 




Carriages, Buggies, Wagons andS/eighs 

WORKS AND OFFICE 

Fifth gvenuB, Sheridan & Jerome Streets. HlcKeeBport. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 141 



-THE- 



CRnOD^OPERn^HOUSE 



t 



E. D. WILT, LESSEE AND Manager. 



F^IP^^H fIVBNUE, - - IgiriiriTSBLll'^GH 



All the Leading- AttracTtions. 

New and Elegant Scenery, 

First-Class Appointments. 



SE-^so3^T or' isae-aa. 

Booth & Barrett, Joe Jefferson, 

Margaret Mather, Sol. Smith Russell, 

Annie Pixley, Lotta, 

Mrs. Jas. Brown-Potter, Mr. & Mrs. W. J. Florence, 

Fanny Davenport, "Boston Ideals," 

"Dark Secret," M'lle Bhea, 

Hermann, Kellar, 

Evans & HoEY, "The Wife," 

RoBSON & Crane, Joe Murphy, 

RosiNA VoLKS, Minnie Madden, 

Strakosch English Opera. 



142 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 




ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



143 




144 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



TJiiaer tlie Diieotioix o± it. ]VI, &tJL.lCli: &. (JO. 

Business Manager, - - - A. J. SHEDDEN 



Inaugurated Sept. 6th, 1886. 



Seating Capacity, 2,600. 



The [argest and Handsomest Theatre in the Cityi 



PLAYING AT ALL TIMES 



The Finest Line of Attractions to k Found in ttie Dramatic MaAel 



Kollowiug are tlie bookiugs for the eurrent Heason of 1888 S9 : 



Kmiiia Abbott's Grand Opera Co. 

"Jim, the Penman." 

(ylara Morris. 

Lydia Thompson. 

"The Stowaway." 

Minnie Palmer. 

"The Still Alarm." 

Henry E. Dixey's "Adonis." 

McCauU's Opera Co. 

Bartley Campbell's "Siberia." 

.lames O'Neill's ",Monte Cristo." 

"Around the World in 80 Days." 

"Lights and Shadows." 

"Fashions." 

Louis Aldrich's "Kaffir Diamond . 

J. M. Hill's "A Possible Case." 

"The Pearl of Pekin." 



E. E. Rice's "Corsair." 

The American Opera Co. 

"A Brass Monkey." 

Bartley Campbell's "Whiteslave." 

Frank Daniel's "Little Puck." 

"Held By the Enemy." 

Casino No. 1 Co., "Erminie" and 

"Nadjy." 
Kate Castleton's "Paper Doll." 
Kiralfy's "Mathias Sandorf." 
Margaret Mather. 
J. K. Emmett. 
"The Crystal SHpper." 
Maggie Mitchell. 
' "Evangeline." 
Mary Anderson. 
The Great Spectacular "She." 



ALiyEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



^n nm ^ 



LIMITED, 



!bviCa<n.-a.fa,ct-a.rers of 



IRON 



iiBESSEOivCEiiE^ .^i^2<riD o:pe3>t xaiiHi^f^iE^Tra: 




Beams, Channels, Angles, Ties, 
Bars ANLi Shapes, 

Strttctiii'al Iron and Steel, 

AXLES, LINKS AND PINS, 

Locomotive and Car Forgings, 

48 FIFTH AVENUE, 

PirprpSBUr^GH, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 






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ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Jumbo Coal and Coke Co. 

Willow Grove Mining Co. 

Robbins Block Coal Co. [ F. L. ROBBINS, 

Midway Block Coal Co. 

Robbins Coal and Coke Co. ^ General Manager. 

Pittsburgh and Walnut Hill Coal Co. 



:e=i^o3dtjcei:rs ot^ 



n\i\m\ Slcaiq Coal. 



Capacity, 5,000 Tons Daily 



Mines on Pittsburgh, Cincinnati & St. Louis and Pittsburgh & Western 

Railways. 



General Office, Rooms 508-510 Penn Building, 

708 PKNN AVBNTJK, 

Pittsburgh, Pa, 



TELEPHONE 1240. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNFAL. 



J. H. UALZELL. C. C. ARtNSBERG. H. E. DUHAKRV. 

{TlcGulIougli, Balzell \ Qq. 



Manufacturers of all kinds of 



CRUCIBLES, 

And all Articles Containing Plumbago, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



H. G. DRAVO, 

SALES AGENT FOR 

Brier Hill Iron and Coke Co., Youngstown, 0. 

BeHsemer, Mill and Foundry Pig Iron, special grades, 

Youngstown Steel Co., Youngstown, 0. 

Depliosphorized Metal, Phospliorus .005 and up, free of Silicon and Sul- 
phur, for Open Hearth Furnaces. 

Bella/re Nail Works, Bella/re, 0. 

Bessemer steel Blooms, Billets and Slal)S. 

BROKER IN 

NEW AND OLD RAILS, IRON AND STEEL, 

Steel Melting Scrap and Cinder, 

413 Wood Street, - - Pittsburgh, Pa. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



CALVIN WELLS, Pres. and Treas. 



JAS. R. VERNER, Secretary. 



nuigl|Fo[ge«lioi|l)o 



IVIATSrTJirAOTTTFMiiFtS OTT 




'i>m 



AND 




MERCHANT IRON, 

Draw Bars, 

LINKS AND PINS, FOLLOWER PLATES, 

Railroad Forgijtgs, 

Arch Bars, 
Splice Bars, 

Track Belts. 

IB 15 1 E) O- E] de5o:ds. 

With Plain or Upset Euds, all sizes. 




Office, Tenth Street, near Penn Avenue, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ESTABLISHED 1840 



FRANKLIN TANNERY, 



Martin Lappe & Sons, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



onK mm HUPs leum 

ALSO, 

Back:^ and Bellies. 

TANNERY, No. 296 SPRING GARDEN AVENUE, 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 

) Diamond, Pittsburgh, 
Brancii Houses : \ 

J Carson Street, S. S. 

Armstrong, Brother & Co. 



-MANUFACTURERS OF- 



MACHINE CUT CORKS 



AND 

Compressed Poplar Bungs, 

Corlc Life Preservers, 

araniAlated Corl^ '"' /rliSs 

Cork: Iiasoles, 

f^nl^k^ ^M AA^IMPQ ^°'" ^i^''"& i" Mattresses, being the most durable 
^^^f^i^ Ol 111 V 1 i\ VJvJ healthiest and cheapest article that can be used. 

ARMSTRONG, BROTHER & CO. 

Cor. 24thL and Railroad Streets, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



F. J. ALBRECHT, 




1146 PENN AVENUE 

Near Union Depot, Pittsburgh, I?a. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



THE: 



Alternating Current System. 





Manufactured and Controlled by the 

ouse eieci^piG Go., 

PITTSBUROH, PA. 



SIMPLICITY, LONG DISTANCE, 

LOW COST, HIGH EFFICIENCY 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 




THIS is the top of the gen- 
uine ' ' Pearl Top ' ' Lamp 
Chimney. 




This is the 
exact label on 
each one of 
the Pearl Top 
Chimneys. 



If a lamp chimney is used at all, why 
not a good one. Even if one costs twice 
as much it lasts ten times as long, (may- 
be a thousand times as long). 

We make good chimneys for Stud- 
ent, Rochester and every known lamp 
or burner, as many as 250 different 
shapes and sizes, and a vast number of 
people have found out they are good. 
This is the reason we make the most 
lamp chimneys of all manufacturers in 
the world. 

Geo. a. Macbeth & Co., 

Pittsburgh, Pa. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



WM. ROSS PROCTOR, 

ROOMS, Nos. 609 & 610 HAMILTON BUILDING, 



Danziger'S 

The Money-Saving' Stores for the People. 

42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52 SIXTH STREET, 
538, 540, 542 PENN AVENUE. 



Nine Great Stores in One ! 

Making this the Largest, Handsomest and Most Complete 
Retail House in Western Pennsylvania. 

'Ours the Greatest Millinery and Cloak Centre." 

MORRIS H. DANZIGER. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 




ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



H. E. COLLINS & CO. 



DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN 



Iron Ore, Pig Iron, 

STEEL RAILS, BLOOMS, 

Billets and Slabs, Wire Rods, Ferro- Manganese, Crop Ends 
of Steel Rails and Blooms, Old Iron and Steel Rails. 

LEWIS BLOCK, - PITTSBURGH, PA. 



THE 



McCoNWAY & TORLEY Co, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Iilaliealiie Iron Casting!), 

SOIE OlMUFJICTURGilSiiftlieJiniiey COUPCER 

For Passenger and Freight Cars. 

48th Street and A. V. R. R., 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



NEW AND ORIGINAL DESIGNS A SPECIALTY. 



ALFRED E. WINDSOR & CO, 



-MANUFACTURERS OF- 



JSnl^isi^ic Granii^e FI]onumeni<s 

AND STATUARY. 



UNEXCELLED FACILITIES FOR GETTING OUT LARGE 
MONUMENTAL WORK. 



Office, West End Ave., - Allegheny City, Fa, 



EXCELLENCE in MATERIAL and WORKMANSHIP. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



S. J. WAINWRTGHT. JOS. Z. WAINWRIGHT, H. E. WAINWRlGH'i'. 



ICstal>lislxed 1818. 



WiNTERTON Brewery 



Z. WAINWRIGHT & CO. 

-^LAGER BEER- 

Ale and Porter Brewers 

AND BOTTLERS, 

Thirty-Sixth St., - - - Pittsburgh. 

G. W. G. FERRIS, C. E. FRANK C. OSBORN, C. E. 

ROBERT W. HUNT, M. A.S., C. E. J AS. C. HALLSTED, C. E. 

a. W. EERRIS & CO. 

Civil Engineers, 

Inspectors of Str-u.ct-a.ra.1 Irosn. a-ncL Steel, 

HAMILTON BUILDING, PITTSBURGH, PA. 

THE ROOKERY, 161 BROADWAY. 

CHICAGO. ILL. NEW YORK. 

THE ROBERT W. HUNT & CO 

BURKAUT GIT 

lRSpe(3li©^,¥eSfeS and G©p^sulfea1ii®Pi. 



GENERAL OFFICE, 



'^The Rookery/' - - Chicago. 

Hamilton Building, Pittsbutgii, Pa. 



Branch Offices: 

161 Broadway, New York City. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 




HAMILTON BUILDING 



S. HAMILTON, 

91 and 93 Fifth Ave. 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Decker Bros., 

Knabe & Co., 

— AND — 

Fischer Pianos, 

— AND THE — 

Great Bsteg Cottage Qrgane. 

Tlie Highest Cradt- Instruments, and the only 
ones which meet tlie requirements of DUKABII.I I V. 
and Musicians and I'amilj- use. 

We will take your old instrument, of any make, 
as part payment on one of these and arrange con- 
\ enient terms for the balance. 
\\'rite for Catalogue, or call on 

S. HAMILTON, 

(Hamilton Building.) 



BODIES EMBALMED AND KEPT WITHOUT USING ICE. 



THOMAS P. HERSHBERGER & SON, 

General Un.clerta.k:ers, 

188-190 MAIN ST REET. 36th WA RD, SOUTH SIDE. 

Dealers in Builders' Supplies 

Rubber Rbofing, Sewer Pipe, Fire 
Clay, Fire Brick, Tile, &c. 



Livery Stable. 

Carriages and Coaches for Weddings, 
Parties, Concerts, &c. 



Point Bridge Station, P. & L. E. R. R., Pittsburgh. 



HA.TlI>Tr001> IIVTEMORS J^ SPECIALTY. 



G. A. COCHRANK, 

Carpenter, Biiiller ain Kerieral Gootractor, 

246 & 248 Washington Avenue, Pittsburgh. 

RESIDENCE, 240 WASHINGTON AVENUE. 



Special attention to Interior Hardwood Finish, and the Erection of 

FiRST-C'LASS Buildings of every description. Estimates 

of work furnished on application. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Si ^ 




THOHiv^^son^ ac CO. 

Sole Agents for Western Pennsylvania. Also, Manufacturers of 

mattresses, parlor Purniture, lyoven UJire 

DEALERS IN UPHOLSTERERS' SUPPLIES, 

TELEPHONE 206-2. 420 WOOD ST. ,1' PITTSBU RG H 



J. L. FORS-A.ITH & CO. 

Manufacturers of Lubricators, 



FOR HOT OR COLD OR WET 
AlSTTI-TPRICT'IOlSr ^XLE 

SHARPSBURG, ALLEGHENY 



ROLLS, 

COUNTY, 



PA. 



Iron Brazed, Pyramid and 
Steel Spring Bottom 

TALLOW Pots, 4,c. 




Wrought h 
with Wi 



on Open Top Bucket Lamp, 
re Bail and Chain attached 
to Cover. 



Wroiiglit Iron L 

Chain and Swivel Combination. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



METGALF, PAUL & 60., 



Manufacturers of 




Eailroad Track Tools, 



THE CELEBRATED 



PATENT VE1(0BA MUT LOCl^, 



-AND- 



Standard Solid Steel Picks, 

Cor. Liberty Street and Seventh Avenue, 



pittsburoh:, f^a 



Branch House, Nos. 64 & 66 South Clinton Street, 



CECXC-^O-O. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY OENTENI^TAL. 



E. C. CONVERSE, Chairman. HORACE CROSBY, Treas. and Gen'l Manager. 



ilepoiiiic lion woits, 



LIMITED 



Works, Foot of 25thi St., 



SOUTH SIDE, PITTSBURGH, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



pipe and Boiler Tube |ron, 



BLACK AND GALVANIZED, 



Sheet Iron and Steel, 



CORRUGATED IRON ROOFING. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Excelsior Ilaning 1111 and lox f actorij. 



F. J. KRESS 



MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 



Plooring, Siding, 



AND- 



^LUMBER^ 



Scroll and Re-Sa^A^ing to Order, 



BOXES A SPECIALTY, 



Cor. of Craig and Killbuck Sts., 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ALEX. PATTERSON, 



Wholesale and Retail 



Lumber Dealer, 

Pine, Hemlock, Poplar and Oak Lumber, Lath and 
Shingles, in Car Load Lots. 

ESTIMATES GIVEN ON BUILDING AND BRIDGE LUMBER. 

OFFICE, COR. FRANKLIN and PREBLE AVE. ^ 

YARDS, FAYETTE AND MANHATTAN STS., \ Allegheny, Pa. 
AND FRANKLIN and PREBLE AVE., J 

MANCHESTER SAW MILL CO. 

AND 

D. L. PATTERSON, 

Manufacturers of and Dealers in all kinds of 

lumber, laling, lath, iliingles, Ic. 

NO. 74 BEAVER AVENUE, 

^lloglieiay City, ]Pa. 

A. H. CHILDS, 

FOR THE SALE OF 

Pig Iron, Blooms, Ore, &c. 

OFFICE, 83 FOURTH AVENUE, 

Cash Advanced on Consignments, ^ITTSBUI^GH, BA. 

BOOTH Sc FLINN, 

Greneral Contractors, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



JOHN LOGAN, 

HOUSE, SIGN, DEGOI^AITIVE AND OI^NAMENHIAIj 

o<PAINTER>o 

Graining and Glazing, and Dealer in Painters' Supplies. 

MIXED PAINTS A SPECIALTY. 

243 Beaver Avenue, ALLEGHENY, PA. 

RESIDENCE, 119 MARKET STREET. 

J. P. & R. H. KNOX, 

Stone Contractors, 

AND DEALERS IN 

COAL, LIME and PLASTERING HAIR, 

Cor. Preble Avenue and Jnniata Street, 

Telephone Connection. a.LJL<e:g-h:e:]VY, ta.. 

Frank Ardary, Jr. Rob't W. Ardary. 

ARDARY BROTHERS, 

\^eterinary Surgeons, 

Graduates of Ontario Veterinary College, 

Office and Infirmary, Liberty and 31st Sts., 

TELEPHONE CONNECTION; ti)'^ 1 1 I©) 

RESIDENCE, 5119. H r^lilsbumh, \Z<Zi, 

OFFICE, 1151-3. i^ snI ^^ i^ 

WORKS: BRANCH WORKS: 

24 Juniata St., Allegheny. Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania. 

K. B. RKNOUF, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Bromine and Chloride of Calcium, 



fiLLBGHBNY (qWY, ©A. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



SEYENHTH flYENUE F^OTEIi, 



pittsbitr,om:, fjs.. 




This Hotel has all modern improvements, centrally located, and accessible to all 
business communications 



Incites, 



$2.50 and $3.50 Per Day. 



£JZIAS J. UJVG^H, Troprietor. 



S. F. COLE. 



W. H. TEETS. 



A. M. CARRON. 



Allegheny Express Co. 

Office, Ft. Wayne Baggage Room - ALLEGHENY, PA. 



Coupes aud (damages. Baggage Called for and Delivered to and from 

Depots, Hotels and all parts of the two Cities. 

Moving Proini^tly Attended to. 

Telephone 3027. P. O. Box 87, Allegheny, Pa. 

S. STUTZ, 

MINING AND MECHANICAL ENGINEER, 

Office, 516 Nlarkzet Street. 

Rooms 22 and 23, PITTSBURGH, PA. 

p. O. BOX 112. 



The Erection of Patent Coal and Ore Crushers and Wash- 
ing Machinery, a Specialty. 



"Through Sterling Merit, We Achieve Success. ' 

LTJTZ: BROS. 

Manufacturers of all Varieties of 

FANCY PICKLED GOODS, 

Home-Made 
I^ETdpUp 




AND 



68, 70, 72 and 74 Main St., ch^er^y, 



i TABLK 



Delicacies 

Allegheny, Pa. 



AJAX.— IMPROVED APRIL, 1887. 




The Picture shows an Augur with a long shank in place 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 




CHESTER B. ALBREE, 

Nos. 18, 20, 22 and 24 Market Street, 



Railings, Builders' Iron Work, Etc. 
FORGINGS AND HEAVY BLACKSMITH WORK. 

•t^^^'j^v.v.-x^w.^o. " Telephone Connection. Write for Designs and Prices. 

FEED'K aWIN:^^EK, 

jiailroad and General Contractor. 

NATURAL GAS AND OTHER PIPE LINES. 

182 Market Street, - ALLEGHENY CITY, PA. 

W. F. TRIMBLK, 

General Goi|tractor# Builder, 

OFFICE, 25 GREENWOOD ST., 

^LLtBGHBNY, ©A. 

W. S. PENDLEBERRY. J. T. MARKLAND. T. F. PENDLEBERRY. 

W. S. Pendleberry, Son & Co. 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Boilers, Chimneys and Breeching, 

REPAIRING PROMPTLY DONE. 

Office and ^Vorks, Mulberry Street, 

Opp. Coffin Works and Dry Docks. ALLEGHENY CITY PA. 

a?eleplione 3220. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 

M. OPPENHEIMER^GO. 
IholGsale * Blotljmg * lanufactuFers, 

Importers and Jobbers of 
VlifOOLENS AND TAILORS' TRIMMINGS, 

713 Liberty St. and 712 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh., Pa. 



Rubber Clothing and Rubber Tissue. Agents for the Bituminous Overalls 
and Jackets, the best made. Mitchell & West Fashion Plates. 

GANGWISCH BREW^ING COMPANY. 



JOHN L. STAUB, 

^LES & PORTER 

Cor. Market and Juniata Sts., Allegheny, Pa. 

J. A. McCORMICK, 

General Macliinery Depot. 

Henry R. Worthington's Duplex Steam Pumping Engines and 
Hydraulic Machinery. 

Steam Engines, Boilers, Automatic and Plain Side Valve, 

WROUGHT AND CAST IRON PIPE, 
ISO First A.venvie, PITTlSBXJItOH. 

Estimates on Water Works given on application. 

'~C. JOHN REILING, 

SUCCESSOR TO FELIX REILING & SON, 

MANUFACTURER OF 

Bridge Railir^gs, Wire Kuards, Kratings, 

Wrought Coal Shutes, Doors, Fire Escapes and 
Builders' Iron W^ork, 

NO. 3230 PENN AVENUE, - - PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ALliEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Jambs Hay, 



Agent for the Tuerk Wa- 
ter Motor, for Running 
Sewing Machines and other 
Light Machinery, and Hy- 
draulic Elevators. 

House Dkainagh, accord- 
ing to the Latest Sanitary 
Systems, including the "Dur- 
ham." 

Imported Porcelain, Enani- 
ameled Iron and Copper Bath 
Tubs, Sinks and Wash 
Stands, Plain and Decorated 
Round and Oval Wash Ha- 
sins. The latest Washout 
Water Closets, Plain and Em- 
bossed, always in stock. 

Sheet Lead Lining and 
Burning. 

All Work Warranted. 



nsTo. 




Gas Fixture Department 
Complete, with all the latest 
designs, finished in Polished 
and Antique Brass ancl 
Wrought Iron. Also, a very 
choice selection of Piano and 
Standing Lamps, and an 
endless variety of the new- 
est Decorated Shades, Cut, 
Etched and Engraved Cilobcs. 

Private Residence* and 
Factories Fitted with Nat- 
ural Gas in the Most Com- 
plete Manner. 

Full Line of Valves, Fit- 
tings and Nipples always on 
hand. 

Having Machinery for Cut- 
ting and Threading Gas Pipe, 
am prepared to Cut and 
Thread all sizes up to 8 inch 
on short notice. 

Gas Logs and Andirons for 
Natural Gas Fires. 



11 Oli-io Street, 

ALLEGHENY, PA^. 



A. R. Speer. 



W. R. Moorhouse. 



A. R. SPEER & CO. 




222 

224 
and 
226 

Howard 
Street. 



HOPH BISCUIT VVOKIvS, 

Grackers, Gakes and Biscuits of Every Descriptioi?, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNL^L. 



M. J. Dain. Jos. Daschbach, Jr. 

DAIN & DASCHBACH, 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL 



Bedding, Furniture, Upholjtsei'g, Comf ort?, 

BLANKETS, PILLOWS, SPRING BEDS, COTS, Etc., 
Ill Smithfield Street, PITTSBURGH, PA. 

ENTERPRISE DRILLING COJVIPANY, 

CONTRACTORS FOR 

Gas, Oil and Artesian ^Vells. 

We are prepared to give estimates on Wells of any kind and all sizes. 

Being the Largest in lividual Contractors in Western Pennsylvania, we can do work promptly 

and guarantee complete satisfaction. We solicit correspondence from all wishing to 

test their territory for oil or gas. We will cheerfully give any information 

regarding the boring of wells on application. 

Address all communications to ENTERPRISE DRILLING CO., 

Fittstourgh, I»a. 

J. C. Somerville. R. D. Nuttall. 

ECLIPSE MACHINE COMPANY, 

]Vracliiiiists and Engine B^^.ilderf<, 

Engines and Machinery of all kinds set up and repaired. Planing Mill Work, Saw Arbors, etc. 
Gear and Rack Cutting of all kinds done promptly. Special Tools, Taps and Dies made to order 
Experimental Work of all kinds solicited. TELEPHONE No. 3188. 

COR. GRANT AVE. AND BOUQUET ST., ALLEGHENY CITY, PA. 




J. H. ROTTKAY, 

Manufacturer and Dealer in 
3nj!^TCA.L IINf-^TTlXJIVIEIVTt?!i, 

161 OHIO ST., ALLEGHENY PA. 

Italian Violin and Cuitar String.s imported direct, at lowest 
prices. The largest assortment of fine and cheap Rand and Or- 
chestra Instruments always on hand. Repairing, and Silver and 
Gold Plating at lowest prices. 



Kernclikk Stovh Koundry, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 




Ranges 

SOUTH CANAL STREET. 



ALLEGHENY. 



iF'. I-i. ■VOEO-TXj'Z" <Sc OO. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



JOHN HAET, 



AND DEALER IN 
ALL KINDS OF 



ISTo. 61 FederaJ Street, 
Gravel Roofing Promptly Attended to. ALLEGHENY, PA 




.i^I_.I-.E!0-I3:E3^-2" 

Steam QyeinS) Scouring and [aundry UJorks, 

PRINCIPAL OFFIQES AND WORKS 

351, 353 and 355 BEAVER AVENUE, ALLEGHENY CITY. 

RECEIVING OFFICES 

443 Smithfield St., Pittsburgh. 100 Federal St., Allegheny City. 

1913 Carson St., South Side. 355 Beaver Ave., Allegheny City. 

LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S CLOTHING 

Cleaned and Dyed in all the fashionable shades, and Pressed so that they retain their original 

shape and set. 

Orders by Mail or Telephone will receive prompt attention. Goods called for and delivered to all 

parts of the two cities. Respectfully yours, 

TELEPHONE 3349-4. CHAS. PFEIFER. 

ALLEGHENY W^AGON W^ORKS, 

W. H. CULLERS, Proprietor. 

Wagons & Carts 

Wheelbarrows, Etc, 

MADE TO ORDER. 

14, 1 6 &. 1 8 Fayette St. 

5th Ward, Allegheny, Pa. 




Eepairiiig of all kinds 

PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Rawsthqrne Bros. 

WE MAKE A SPECIALTY OF ^ 
^^OR ENGRAVINGS FDR CATALDDUES 

50^^ PORTRAITS. ^^ 

l~^vvK>y VIEWS OF BUILDINGS, ,J^/ 
iS^W% •& LABELS. 6)_^^ 



ELECTROTYPERS 



IRON CITY BRE^VERY. 

Capacity, 300,000 Bai'i»els. 



FRAUENHEIM & VILSACK, 



^Pittsburgh., Pa, 



George McFerron. Samuel McFerron. 

GEORGE McFERRON & CO., Wholesale and Retail Grocers, 
and Dealers in best brands of Patent and Family Flour, Fine 
Teas, Provisions and Queensware. Teas and Spices selected with 
great care. Nos. 350 and 352 Beaver Avenue, Allegheny City, Pa. 



Pattern and Model Maker, 

84 IRWIN AVENUE, 

ALLEGHENY, PA. 



CHAS. LOUDER, 

Manufacturer of 

Essences, Oils and Inks, 

Flavoring Extracts and Laundry Blue, 
Perfumery, Patent Medicines, &c. 

OFFICE AND LABORATOKY, 

123 & 125 Beaver Av., Allegheny, Pa. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



E STAB J.-. I SHED 18TS. 



S. S. MARSHALL & BROS. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



For Churches, Dwellings, &c. Designs and Estimates Furnished. 

Office, Cor. Seventh Ave. and Smitlifield St., 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Branch Office and Factory, Cor. Cedar Ave. and Second St., Allegheny, Pa. 

wm. grusch & co. 
eUreKa planing mill, 

SASH AND DOOR FACTORY. 

Doors, Sash, Shutters, Mouldings, Mantels, Brackets, &c., made to order 

and kept on hand. Scroll Sawing, Re-sawing, Planing, 

Working, Flooring and Mouldings done to order. 

316 to 320 North Ave., ^TcTdie^'sM:'"' Allegheny Oity, Pa. 

TELEPHONE 335S. 

J. Hagmaier. C. Albrecht, Jr, H. Albiecht. 

HAGMAIER & ALBRECHT, 

Wholesale Manufacturers of all kinds of 

FINE PARLOR FURNITURE, 

LOUNGES, BED LOUNGES, &C. 

UPHOLSTERING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. 

335 and 337 North Avenue, 

CRAFT & FISHER, 

f atteFR and Medel Mal^eFS. 

Special Attention Given to Experimental Models and Drawings, 

Cor. Grant Avenue and Bouquet Street, 

Telephone 3188. fiLLBGHBNY, gA, 



ALLEGHENY (BOUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



JOHN YOUNG. ALF. S. SMITH. 

Young & Smith, 
T^ I L F^S 



91 Federal Street, ALLEGHENY, PA. 



ES PABI^ISHED 18C5G. 

m Mvm w WOOD tobhihi} shop. 

AVM^. PEOPLES, 

No. 113 Webster St., sS?^™t™r., Allegheny, Pa. 

Stair Building in all its branches promptly attended to. Hand Rails worked to order, with all 

Joints Cut and Bolted ready to hang. Orders from a distance promptly 

attended to. Orders Respectfully Solicited. 

WESTERN HOTEL, 

W. p. MACK, Proprietor. 

RATES, - - . - ^1.00 to $l.SO I»er I3ay. 



Cor. of Sandusky and Robinson Streets, 

Near the Pittsburgh and A. t T "CT- r~^ T-TtT^ tvt aj^ "P^ A 

WESTERN DEPOT. ^Iv 1^ tv Cj l"! B^ IM Y , Jj^ A . 

SAMPLE ROOM STOCKED WITH THE FINEST BRAN DS OF Wl N ES, LIQUORS 
AND CIGARS, IN CONNECTION WITH THE HOTEL. 



a?H:LEI>TION^E ^Tr-s. 



Furnishing UndePta^eP, EmbalnieP and Faqer^al Difeclof, 

198 Beaver Ave., Cor. Locust St., 

Office Open Night and Day. ALLEGHENY PA 

COFFINS of all kinds, SHROUDS, CRAPE and GLOVES. 
HEARSE, CARRIAGES, &c., &c. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



LINOLBUM, &c 




LBATHKR BKLTINQ 






ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Germaiiia Savings Bank, 



o 

Oh 

O 



Q a 



w 

O 




CD 
r- 1- 
O 

o 
pi 

CD 



C/2 
<— t- 

p- 



Cor. Vv^ood & DiaLmond Sts. 



ASSETS, Jan. ist, 1888 $1,534,170.21 

CAPITAL STOCK 150,000.00 

SURPLUS FUND, 40,000.00 



CHflS. MEYRftN. 

President. 

H. W. WILKER, Teller, 



JOS. ABEL, CHflS. SLIBERT, 

Vice President. Secretary and Treasurer. 

LOUIS H. MOECKEL, Book-keeper. 



DIRKCTORS. 

CHAS. MKYRAN, CHRISTIAN SIEBERT, JNO. M. KENNEDY, 

J. F. HAVEKOTTE, JOSEPH ABEL, CHAS. F. SCHWARZ, 

WM. NEEB, A. GROETZINGER, PETER KEIL. 



, D. W. Bell, 
Martin Lappa, 
A. Holstein, 
L. Brehm, 



TVI A T-^" A G^E R, S . 

W. G. Taylor, Geo. W. Guthrie, 

Wm. Carr, H H. Niemann, 

Geo. Reineman, Edw. Groetzinger, 

J. (i. Siebeneck, Wm. Mazet, 



John Jahn, 
John Daub. 
J. L. Koethen, 
Joseph Walton. 



Bank open daily e.\cept Sundays and Holidays, from 9 a. m. to 8 p. m., and on Saturdays con- 
tinuously from 9 a. m. to (i p. m. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



A. GROETZINGEll, No. 757. J08. LAURENT, 

President. Cashier. 

GBRMAN 

NATIONAL BANK 

OK PITTSBURGH, 

Cor. Wood Street and Sixth Avenue, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



i 



CAPITAL $250,000.00. 

AUTHORIZED CAPITAL, .• 500,000.00. 
SURPLUS, .... 390,000.00. 



OIRECTOIIS : 

A. GROETZINGER, MARTIN LAPPE, 

E. H. MYERS, CHRISTIAN SIEBERT, 

H. H. NIEMAN, JOHN F. HAVEKOTTE, 

P. HABERMAN, JOS. VOGEL, Sr., 

E. FRUENHEIM. 



Koreign E^xchiarige Sold 

On all Principal Cities of Europe. 



EBF^ERpil BFRKI^G flGGBUf^^S SeiilCriEB. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



PITTSBURGH 

NATIONAL BANK OF COMMERCE, 

Sixth Avenue and Wood Street. 



CAPITAL, 
SURPLUS, 



$500,000 
400,000 



OKK^ICERS 



President— JOSEPH T. COLVIN, Seventh Avenue Hotel. 

Cashier— CHAS. I. WADE, Edgewood Station, P. R. R. 

Teller— IAS. H. ORR, Edgewood Station, P. R. R. 

Assistant Teller— ROBT. M. DAIN, 158 Buena Vista Street, Allegheny. 

Gen'l Book-keeper— WOODS T. WILSON, Penn Ave., near Denniston Ave., E. E. 

Individual Book-keeper— JOS. D. SIMPSON, 60 Montgomery Ave.. Allegheny. 

Correspondent— HARRY G. EAKINS, 45 Frankstown Ave., E. E. ' 

Ass't Book-keeper— DAVID P. LITTLE, Wilkinsburg, P. R. R. 

Ass't Book-keeper— W. T. McCANCE, Penn and Dallas Avenues, E. E. 

Messenger— HARRY C. McELDOWNEY, Bedford Ave. and Morgan. 

Watchman— JOHN A. PRALL, 6th Avenue and Wood Street, 

Janitor— ISAAC C. DORSEY, 6th Avenue aud Wood Street. 



J. T. Colvin, 
H. C. Frick, 
Chas. Lockhart, 



DIRECTORS 

J. N. Anderson, 

A. W. Mellon, 

Wm. Pickersgill, Jr., 



Sam'l S. Brown. 
J. W. Arrott, 
P. C. Kno.v. 



Discounts Daily at 12 M. 



MASONIC BANK, 

135 SMITHFIELD STREET. 



Capital, 


- 


- 


- 


$200,000 


Surplus and Undivided Earning 


s, - 


W. 


50,000 


G. C. Shidle, c. b. 


McLean 


R. Christian, 


Presideut. 


Cashier. 


.^'. 




Assf, Cashier. 


I>I RECTOR 




Geter C. Shidle, 




John J. 


Lawrence, 


William McCullough, 




John 


Caldwell, 


Harry P. Dilworth, 




James A 


. Sholes, 


William C. King, 




Geo. 


W. 


Simonds, 


Joseph Eichbaum, 




William 


F. Wilson, 


John M. Kennedy, 




John 


F. 


ScOTT, 


Ohas. 


B. McLean. 







ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



CITIZENS 

National Bank, 

Cor. Wood & Diamond Sts. 

CAPITAL, - - = $800,000 



OFFICERS. 



Geo. a. BmiRV, PrcKulenf. H. M. Mf^ELROV, Teller. 

R. K. Wir.soN, Cashier. J. H. BlICiHAM, AiMiU Teller. 

DIRECTORS. 



GEO. A. BERRY, 


W\I. McCREERV, 


WM. B. NEGLEY, 


JNO. C. RISHER. 


(iEO. W. IMLWORTH, 


ROBERT PITCAIRN 


A. C. McCALLU.VI, 


H. C. BUGHAM, 


FRANK RAHM. 


Organized 1868. 




State Charter, 1876. 


Jas. Callery, 


W. J. Burns, 


John W. Taylor 


Preside it. 


Vice President. 


Cashier. 



Capital, ^100,000, with Privilege of $500,000 
Surplus, #17,000. 



Sixth Ave. & Smitlifield St., 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Transacts a General l^anking lousiness. 

INTEREST ALLOWED ON TIME DEPOSITS. 
Accounts Solicited. Collections a Specialty. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ANDREW MILLER, F. E. MOORE, GEO. W. RANKIN, 

President. Cashier. Vice President. 

CAPITAL, - - $120,000. 



ODD FELLOWS 
SAVINGS BANK, 

63 KoLirtln Aveniae, 

PITTSBURGH. 



Bank of Discount and Deposit. 

A General Banking Business Transacted. 



INTEREST ALLOWED ON TIME DEPOSITS. 



TRADESMENS 



NATIONAL BANK 



United States Depository 



Capital, 5^400,000. Surplus, 5^400,000. 



ALEXANDER I5R ADLEY, ROSS W. DRUM, 

President. Cashier. 



'■'^^'''^aSlEGHEN Y Ca^^TtMNTENN'fAlf'^^' ' '''**'^ '''' 



First National Bank 



OF PITTSBURGH, 



Cor. Wood Street and Fifth Avenue. 



CAPITAL, $750,000 

SURPLUS, 150,000 

PRESIDENT, - - - - ALEXANDER NIMICK. 

CASHIER, J. D. SCULLY. 

ASS'T CASHIER, - - - - CHAS. E. SPEER. 

FIRST TELLER, - - - - - B. S. CRUMPTON. 

SECOND TELLER, - . - - ROB'T D. BOOK. 

ASS'T TELLER, - - - - ROB'T C. JOHNSTON. 

** " - - _ . THOS. S. GREGGS. 



ZDI^^EOTOX^S. 



Alex. Nimick, 
Jas. S. McCord, 
John Wilson, 



Thos. Wightman, 
J. H. McKelvy, 
Harry Brown, 



Rob't S. Hays, 
J. H. Lindsay, 
Jas. Laugliliu, Jr, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



WM. REA, President. THOS. WIGHTMAN, Vice-Prest. 

PEOPLES 

SAVINGS BANK, 

OF PITTSBURGH. 



Capital, $300,000. Surplus, $105,000. 

INCORPORATED 1866. 

No. 81 FOURTH AVENUE. 



E. p. Jones, Edward Gregg, W. J. Moorhead, 

Geo. Wilson, Wm. Rea, Thomas Wightman, 

Hon.EdwinH. Stowe, John A. Caughey, David McK. lyloyd. 



Secretary and Treasurer, N. G. Von Bonnhorst. 

Edward E. Duff, Book-keeper and Teller. E. P. Jonks, Solicitor. 

Jamks K. Duff, Clerk. 



■ Interest not exceeding four per cent, allowed on time deposits. Investments made 
in Government and Real Estate Securities. 

Bank open dally, except Sundays andjHolldays, from g'a. m to 3 p. m., and on Satur- 
days continuously from 9 a. m. to 6 p. m. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTP^NNIAL. 



CAPITAL, - - - - - $500,000. 
SURPLUS, - - - - - 160,000. 



ULLEBHEIIY KJITIOPL mi 



OF" PITTSBXJRGH, 



No. 45 KiKTH AVKNUE. 



W. McCandless, FresidGuL Joshua Rhodes, Vice-PresL 

F. C. Hutchinson, Cashier. 



DIRECTORS. 

W. McCandless, B. H. Ruble, James McGregor. 

Joshua Rhodes, William Stewart, J. McM. King, 

John Caldwell, Jr., Thos. Evans, Walter Chess. 



Discounts Daily at 12 o'clock. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNL\L. 



Pfo. 705, 



UNION 
I NATIONAL BANK, 



Of PittsbiArgh. 



CAPITAL, $250,000 SURPLUS, $500,000. 

JOSEPH HORNE. A. G. CUBE AGE. CHAS. AT WELL. 
WM. BARKER, Jr. ADDISON LYSLE. T. M, ARMSTRONG. 
SAM'L WILSON. J. C. LAPPE. R. S. SMITH. 

R. S. Smith, President. Chas. F. Dean, Caahler. 

Geo. M. Paden, Assistant Cashier. 



ES'X^A.BLISHEO, 1833. 



•.'-^>Sa^'^«^-«- 



N. Holmes & Sons, 
BANKERS, 

No. 309 Nlarkzet Street, 



BUY AND SELL STERLING EXCHANGE. 



Make Cable Transfers of Money to Europe. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



is^3. lass. 

Joseph nop \ Go;^ 

PENN AVE. STORES, 

Oldest, Largest and Most Progressive Dry Goods 
Establishment in Pittsburg. 



Silks, Dress Goods, Laces, Embroideries, Hosiery, 

Gloves, Ladies and Children's Suits and Wraps, 

Dress Trimmings and Notions, Underwear 

and Furnishings, Table Linens, Lace 

Curtains, Upholsterings. 



Finest Alaska Seal Garments and Small Furs. 



Men's& Boys' Fine Furnishing Goods. 



Our Mail Order Department sends Samples, Prices 
and Goods to all Parts of the Pacific Coast. 



Our Stock is Complete and Large the Whole Year Round. 



Joseph Horne & Co.'s 

PENN AVENUE STORES, 



F^ittsburgti, Pa 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



VISIT- 



E. K. HARRISON'S TOY STORE, 

And see the most complete line of 

Toys i^f Fancy Goods 

III the City. 

Flags, Japanese Lanterns, 
FIRE WORKS, &c.. 

Plain and Kancy Stationery, 
E. K. HARRISON, 



1 2 X Federal Stteet. 



ALLEGHENY. 



NEXT DOOR TO BOGGS & BUHLS. 




HOTEL— 



^ DUQUESNE, 

On European Pi,an. 

^p Smithfield St., Pittsburgh, 

opposite City Hall. 



W] Special attention given to Dinner, Wedding and 
Outside Parties. 



'^(? Tno. B. Schlosser & Co. 

ws 



Rooms, - - - $1.50 per day 
and upward. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 




ARBUCKLES & CO., Limited, 

WHOLESALE GROCERS. 



IMPORTERS, 



COFFEE ROASTERS. 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 
Roasters of the following well known Brands of Coffee: 



ARIOSA, 



. RIO, . ■ . COM PON O, 
FRAGAR. .-. 



'ARIOSA " ?iof only oid-sells any other brand of Roasted 
Coffee, but its sales aggregate more than all other 
brands combined. 



We are agents for 



1" 



MINNEHAHA. 



PERSIAN; 



\ Mi?inesota Patent 
i Flour. 



Djainond Dust, Winter Patent. 
" Onondaga" Canned Corn. 
Wilkinson' s " Paradise " Tomatoes. 
Bell's '• Buffalo" Soap. 



Higgin s " Eureka" Salt, Imported. 
Oneida County, {N. V.) Canned Corn. 
McGowans " Keystone" Salmon. 
" Old Time" Lye and Potash. 



\Vv, (ire Projrrietor.'i of 
ARE UCKLES' 
ARBUCKLES' 
ARBUCKLES' 
ARBUCKLES' 
ARBUCKLES' 



ROLLED WHITE OATS. 
STEEL CUT OATMEAL. 
'AiRflAAANT GLOSS" STARCH. 
''SNOW WHITE" CORN STARCH. 
ABSOLUTELY PURE SPICES. 



ALLEGHENY (^OUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



^DlLWORTH BR0S.I> 



PROPRIETORS OF 



•>- 




WHOLESALE GROCERS, 



WAREHOUSE AND OFFICES, 

957^ 959 ^^id 9^1 P^iin Avenue. 

ROASTING ESTABLISHMENT, 

(Most Somplete in tbe United States), 

32 and 34 Tenth Street, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ESTABLISHED 1827. 



•>^«^*<5^^. 




TOBACCO FACTORY 



624 to 634 Duqiiesne Way. 

Office: 409 SMITHFIELD ST., Pittsburgh. 

Eastern Office: 18 BROADWAY, New York, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Established 1836. 



Ha WORTH & Dewhurst, 



i^i3i:iT3i:i>, 



Wholesale^Grocers, 




M 



Ml 






^^^mM: 



GROCERS 

illfli: 




ROASTERS OF THE FAMOUS BRANDS 



"©HALIiBNGE"AND^"(90r^D0BA" 




701 and 703 LibertiJ pmt 47 and 49 ^BVeqlih pml 



PITTSBURGH, PA 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Anchor Foundfj aijd Maepe wf\t- 

WHARTON Mcknight, 

Manufacturer of 

Steel Workis, 

Rolliog IVLill 

and Heav>> 

MACHINERY, 

ENGINES, 

iviarine: and stattionkry. 

STABLE FURNISHINGS, 



AND 



General Castings. 

Office, 44 Penn Avenue, 

\A^orks, 100 to io8 Penn Ave. 

Foundry, Cor. Fort & Duquesne V/ay, 

PITTSBUROH, PA. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



he iafe ieposit lompanij 

OF PITTSBURGH, 

No. 83 Fourth Avenue. 



Capital Stock, $500,000. Charter Perpetual. 

Incorporated January 24, 1867. 

For the Safe-keeping of Valuables and as a General 
Fiduciary Agent. 



FIRE-PROOF BUILDINGS, 

BURGLAR- PROOF VAULTS, 

GUARDED DAY AND NIGHT. 

Safes in Main Vault for rent at rates from $10 to $i]00 per annum, 
according to size and location. 

Wills constituting this Companj- Executor, Trustees, Guardian, 
&c., taken care of free of charge. 

Silver, Jewelry, &c., kept under Guarantee in its I'ire and Burglai- 
proof Vaults. 

PIDUGIAr^Y BUSINESS. 

Acts as Receiver, Assignee, Executor, Administrator, Trustee, 
Agent, Guard i I. n, &c. 

ADVANIPAGES OFPEF^BD BY IPHIS COMPANY. 

No speculative features in its management. 

More than twenty years' experience. 
(Charter perpetual. 

Capital Stock held as security. 

President, . . . _ Abraham Garrison. 

Vice-President, ----- Edward Gregg. 
Secretary and Treasurer, - - - WifiLiAiSr T. Howe. 

Asst. Secretary and Treasurer, - Robert C. Moore. 

Counsel, _ . . _ Andrew P. Morrison. 

Abraham Garrison, William Rea, Edward Gregg, 

Charles J. Clarke, William M. Lyon, Thomas Wightman, 

A. E. W. Painter, Felix R. Bruuot, Andrew P. MorrisoD. 



(r 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



ley stone lank of Fittsburgli, 

PIIPTSBUI^GH, PA. 

Office, I^etroleiim Excliange Building, 

Fourth Ave., bet. Wood and Smithfield Sts. 



CAPITAL $300,000 

Incorporated April 28th, 1884. 

J. J. Vandercmiift, President. C. W. Batchelor, Vire President. 
A. B. Davitt, Cashier. 

idi:e^:eioi'Oi^s. 

J. J. Vandergrift, E. C. Gray, J. W. Craig, 

(;. VV. Batehelor, Henry Fisher, W. H. Niniicb, 

Geo. McLangliUn, C. F. Klopfer, J. I. Buchanan. 

Kstablislied 1869. 



T. MELLON & SONS, 

BANKERS, 



COIVDXJCT A 



General Commercial Banking Business. 

Deposits Received. Commercial Paper Disconnted. 
Issue Letters of Credit /o7' Travelers, avail- 
able in all parts of the World, 

No. 512 Smithfield Street, Pittsburgh. Pa. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



KSTABIvISHKD 1863. 

,.S0N~BR0. 

BANKERS AND BROKERS, 

415 Wood Street, Pittsburgh, 

DEALERS IN 

Investment Securities. 

Equitable Moktgage Company Debenture Bonds, 

Farm Mortgages, Water Works Bonds, 
Western State Municipal and School Bonds Always on Hand. 

DESCRIPTIVE CIRCULARS SENT ON APPLICATION. 
Local Stocks and Bonds. 

Interest Allowed on Time Deposits. 

REA, BROS. & CO., 

BANKERSIBROKERS, 

]Vo. 435 AVoocl Street, I»ittsl>urg:li. 



I New York and Philadelphia Stock Exchanges. 
MEMBERS < Pittsburgh Petroleum, Stock and 

( Metal Exchange. 



PRIVATE TELEGRAPH WIRES. 



Execute Orders on Commission for Stocks, Bonds, Petroleum, Grain and 
Provisions, and Issue Drafts on All Parts of the World. 



ALLEGHENY CX)UNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Dlarpond National Bank. 

CAPITAL STOCK, . . $200,000. 
SURPLUS, 70,000. 



Cor. Fifth Ai/e., Liberty Ave. and Union Ave. 



l^resident, A. GARRISON, l!1,s Ridge Avenue, Allegheny. 
Vice-President, WM. M. HERSH, 1 Stockton Avenue, Allegheny. 
Cashier, JOHN S. SCULLY. Ingram Station, P., C. iSi St. L. Ry. 

Dlf^EGfUOI^S. 

A. GARRISON, J. W. PORTER, CHAS. DONNELLY 

WM. M. HERSH, JNO. A. ECKERT, JOS. ALBREE, 

JAY \V. CARNAHAN, W. A. NIMICK, A. L. ROBINSON, 



Discount Monday, Wednesday and Friday. 
ESTABUSHED 1868. 

Geo. B. Hill. W. I. Mustin. John D. Nicholson. 

Geo. B. Hill & Co. 

DEALERS IN 

STOCKS'^ BONDS 

/// Fourth Avenue, 

Rooms 3, 4 and 5. PITTSBURGH, PA. 

Tcleiilioiie 1)6, Post Office Box 593. 



AI.LEGHENY COUNTY CENTP^NNfAL. 




B. B. CAMPBELL, Chairman. R. P. CRAWFORD, Treasurer. 

M Benqli Go. 

{LIMITUI),) 
REFINERS OF THE 

BEST ILLUMINATING OILS MADE. 

Gasolines and Deodorized Benzines 

OF EXCELLENT QUALITIES AND ALL GRAVITIES. 

^ Ursoleum: Strictly W^ater White, 48° gravity or bet- 
ter, fire test, 150°. 
Railroad : Water White, 47° gravity, fire test 150° 
• Bear Creek : Standard W^hite, 46° gravity, fire test 120°. 

REFINERY, COLEMAN STATION, A. V R. R. 

Branch Office, Cox'. T>velftli and I»ilte Streets, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 




EIvAINB, 

The Family Safeguard Oil. 

High Fire Test and Liglit Specific Gravity. 

Cannot be exploded. 

Never varies in quality. 

Can be burned In any petroleum lamp. 

Go/d Medal awarded at Pittsburgh Exposition, iSy^. 

First Premeum Awarded over all Competitors at Cen- 
tennial Exposition in Pijiladelphia, 1876. 

WARDBN 8z OXNARD, 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



State Organization, 1857. National Bank, 1865. 

Ipoq GitiJ National Banl^, 

OK PITTSBURQH, PA. 



CAPITAL, ....... $400,000. 

SURPLUS, 250,000 



OFFICERS. 

Alex. M. Byeks, President. James Herdman, Vice-President. 

Oliver Lemon, Cashier. 

13II1ECTOIIS. 

Alex. M. Byers, A. Lindsay, Jr. J no. R. McGinley, 

James Herdman, W. W. Speer, J. D. Layng, 

E. M. Byers, J. B. D. Meeds, Chas. L. Cole, 

Lewis Irwin, J. Kidd Fleming, Wm. N. Frew, 

Jas. H. Reed. 

Discounts Daily at 12.15 P. M. 



Crescent Steel Works, 



ESTABLISHED 1865. 



Miller, Metcaif & Parkin, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ID E IP O T S : 

480 Pearl Street, 64 & 66 S. C/mton St. 
NEW YORK, CHICAGO, ILL 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Established in 1848. 

SINGER, NIMICK & CO., 






Manufactukiirs of All Kinds of Hammered and Rolled 

■ STEELE 



"Warra/ntecl IDtiiitil to A.iiy JPi'oclviced.. 

FINE TOOL CAST STEEL, 

"SPECIAL," "SINGER'S EXTRA," "ANNEALED COMPOSITE," FOR DIES. 

TOOL CAST STEEL, 

Best Refined, for Edge and Turning Tools, Taps, Dies, Drills, Punches, Shear- Knives, 
Cold Chisels and Machinists' Tools. 

SAW PLATES, 

For Circular, Mulay, Mill, Gang, Drag, Pit and Cross- Cut Saws. 

SHEET STEEL, Hot and Cold Rolled, 

For springs, Billet, Web and Hand Saivs, Shovels, Cotton Gin Sa^os, Stamping Cold, 
Clock Springs, Sezving Machine Parts, ^'c. 

SIEMENS-MARTIN, (hSII^h) PLATE STEEL, 

For Boilers, Fire-Boxes, Smoke Stacks, Tajiks, &^c. All our Plate and Sheet Steely being 
rolled by a Patented Improvement _ is unequalled/or surf ace finish and exactness of gauge. 

ROUND MACHINERY CAST STEEL, 

For Shafting, spindles. Rollers, es'c. File, Fork, Hoe, Rake, R. R. Frog, Toe- Calk, 
Sleigh Shoes and Tire Steel, &^c. Cast and Germ.an Spring and flow Steel. "Iron Center" 
Cast Plow Steel. " Soft Steel Center," "Soft Steel Back" Cast Plotu Steel, " Solid Soft Center" 
Cast Plow Steel, Finished Rolling Plow Coulters with Patent , Screzu Hubs attached. Agricultur- 
al Steel Cut to any pattern desired. Steel Forgings to order. 

Represented at 

243 PEARL AND i8 CLIFF STS., NEW YORK, 

By HOGAN & SON, 

Oeneral Agts. lor nSa-sterii aixd. IVeAv^ JEiiglaiid l^tales. 

GEORGE M. HOGAN, 417 Commetce Street, Philadelphia. 
FULLER, DANA & FITZ, no North Street. Boston. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



D. A. Stewart, Prent. Wilson Millf^r, See. and Trcas. 

D. A. Wkihtman, Stvpcrinfcndeiit. 

Pillsfiurgl) LOGomolive Woiks, 

Office and Works, - - 430 Beai^er Avenue, 



ALLEGHENY CITY, PA. 

MANUFACTURERS OV 




LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, 

For Broad or Narrow Gauge Roads, 

From Standard Designs, or according to Specifications, to 
suit purchasers. 

Tanks, Locornotive, Stationary or Portable Boilers, 

FURNISHED AT SHORT^NOTICE. 

gTATID]«ilI(Y EM({I]\lEg Al\lD MijCHIl^ERY 

Of all descriptioiis, built to Specidcations. 

BRANCH OFFICE, 115 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 
Post Office Address, Pittsburgh, Pa. 

CAPACITY, SCO A. YKAK. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 





H. I nm & CO., 

Filtsburp'h, Pa. 




BUILDERS OF 



light locomotiYGs, 

IV/DE OR NARROW GAUGE, 

For Passenger or Freight Service, Shift- 
ing, Contractors' Work, Furnaces, 
Mines, Mineral Roads, Steel 
Mills, Logging, Railroads, 
Plantations, etc. Also, 

Noiseles^^ Nlotors 

For Street Railways, Dummy Lines, 
and Suburban Roads. 

ALL WORK STEEL-FITTED 

And made to duplicate system. 

Extra Parts and completed Locomo- 
tives kept on hand. 

ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES 

Mailed on Application. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



J. R. HUTCHINSON, 

Machinist and Engine Buildei' 




lanufactuPGP of latent itop Bates, 




For Steam, Water and Gas. 



C 



^ i 



2 CO 



M CO 

s ex 

•I B 

s 

OJ 

V 
CO 




Corner of Park Way and Sandusky Street, 

AliliBGHENY GWY, PA. 



See "LEADING MERCHANTS AND MANUFACTURERS." 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Sable Iron Works 



ZTJG & CO. 



LIMITED, 



31A]VXJFACTUM:ilS OF 



" SABLK" Brands of Refined Iron. 
Merchant Bar, 

Horse Shoe Bar, 

Extra Rejined, 

Stay Bolt, Cfc, 
Special Sizes made on Universal Rolls 

FOR, 

Locomotive and Macliiiie Work. 

^IITPSBUI^GH, ©A. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



GEORGE WESTJNGHOUSE, Jr., President. JOHN CALDWELL, Treasurer. 
T W. WELSH, Sui)erinten(lciil. H. H. WESTINGHOUSE, General Manager. 

W. W. CARD, Secretary. 



THE 



Westpqose IIik Brpe 

Pithsburgli, Pa., XJ. S. i^., 

MANUFACTURERS OF THE 

WesllDQlioiise llutoniatlG Brake. 



The WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE is now in use 
on 15,000 engines and 125,000 cars in all parts of the world. This in- 
chides 45,000 freight cars. 

The WESTINGHOUSE AUTOMATIC BRAKE is the only con- 
tinuous brake that has been successfully used on freight trains. 



THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE will, in consequence of its quick application, stop a train in 
the least possible distance. 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE on freight trains, as in passenger service, applies itself instantly 
to all parts of the train in the event of the train breaking in two or more parts, a feature of great 
importance in view of the statistics published in the Railroad Gazette, which show conclusively 
that a majority of the collisions are caused by the breaking in two of trains. ['S&e Railroad Ga- 
zette, Feb. 12, 1886, page ll^.) 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE also applies itself to every car in the train in the event of any 
accident to the brake apparatus of such a nature that it would render any non-automatic continuous 
brake inoperative. 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE can be applied from the rear or from any portion of the train, 
if desired. 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE will etlect an increiseofat least twenty-five percent, in the 
efficient value of freight rolling stock, owing to the quicker time that can be made on the road, and 
the avoiding of defay at stations and sidings. Freight trains carrying perishable goods are being 
daily run on passenger schedules. 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKP: will save employes fmm the danger and exposure to which 
t'lcy are now subjected, having to ride on the tops of cars in cold and stormy weather, and often 
sacrificing their lives in the discharge of their duties. 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE is simple in construction and operation and cheaply main- 
tained, the working parts being combined in one piece of mechanism. 

THE AUTOMATIC BRAKE is not an experiment, but is the result oi many years of practi- 
cal experience, and its capaliilities arc well known to railway managers. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Alexander Nimick, Premdent. Glendy S. Graham, Seorefciry. 

Arthur Brittan, Manager and Treasurer. 

Himict i Biaii Plfg. Go. 




BUILDERS' FINE HARDWARE, 

Door Locks, 

PADLOCKS AND SCALES, 



or^i^iOE, 



No. 411 Wood Street, 

PITTSBURGH. 



ALLEGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 





illilil III 


iiii II 


l""'ili' 


1 II 

1, nil III 

|| 1 111 !| 

111 liiiiii 


1 III II 1 

til 
III III 1 ' ' 

lllll hill m^'^' 






KIER BROS. 

(Successors toS. M. KIER & CO.) 

Manufacturers of Superior Quality of FIRE BRICK, " Salina " and " S. 

C." Brands, for Rolling Mills, Steel Holes and Siemen's Gas 

Furnace. Also, Linings, Boshes and Hearths for 

Furnaces. Tiles and Fire Clay prepared to order. 

— OFFICE: 

1019 Liberty Avenue, 

PITTSBURGH, PA. 



Medals and Diplomas awarded by Centennial Commission, International Exhibition, 
Philadelphia, for "Good Reputation and Standard Value." 



JAS. H. MURDOCK. 



C. C. MURDOCK. 



TTieiDOCIZ cSc CO. 

ount Savage Fire Brick, 

Chicago Steel Locomotive Tires, Locomotive and Car Springs. 

Brokers: Iron Ore, Pig Iron, Spiegeleisen, Iron and Steel Rails, Old Rails and 

Car Wheels, 



M 



Bissell Block, Seventh Ave. and Smithfield St., 



PITTSBURGH, PA. 



HEstablisliecl 181 S. 



MARSHALL BROS. 

Iron City Elevator and Machine Works, 

69 to 75 DIA MOND ST ., PITTSBDRGH. 

Passenger and Kreight Elevators. 
THE MARSHALL PATENT FIRE ESCAPE. 

Ovnanieiital Iron AVoi'lc, «feo., <feo. 



ALLEGHENY (BOUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



Etna Iron Works. 



Spang, Clialfan t & Co. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



IRON 



-ALSO- 



WROUGHT IRON TUBES, 

For Boilers, Gas, Steam, Water, &c. 



V. B. Herron, Chairiiian. Jno, V. Porter, Sec. and Treas. 

T xr e: 

ipang iteel and Iroii lo., 



r^ T 1^ T T e: T> , — 

MANUFACTURERS OF 



STKEL 

By the Open Hearth and the C/app- 
Grifith Pi^^ocess. 

m\%\ 66, 68 and 70 SANDUSKY STREET, 

POST OFFICE ADDRESS, PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ALLEGHENY (^OUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



McCLURE COKE CO., 

Manufacturers and Shippers of 



CAl^ACITY OK OVENS, 

3,000 TONS I3AILY! 



All Mines Sihiate m the heart of the Favnms Con- 
nellsville Coke Region. 

CONNECTIONS WITH JILL RAILROADS ENTERING THE REGION. 



I^reigrlit ISa,tes Secijired.. 
PROMPT SHIPMENTS MADE. 



office: lewis block, 
PITTSBURGH, PA. 



ALI.EGHENY COUNTY CENTENNIAL. 



HEARD, BIBER & EASTON, 

505 and 507 Market Street, 

PITTSBURGH. 

— — IMPORTERS AND RETAILERS OF — 



DRY QOODS, 

LADIES' SUITS -AND WRAPS, MISSES' AND 
CHILDREN'S GARMENTS, &c. 

We call special attention to our large assortment of 

Dress Goods, Silks and Velvets, Mourning Goods, House- 
keeping Goods, Gloves and Hosiery, Dress Trim- 
mings, Gents' Shirts and Collars, Merino 
and Muslin Underwear. 

As we buy and sell for Cash our prices will always be found as low as 
Eastern houses. 

HEARD, BIBER & EASTON 




STEVENS CHAIR Co. 

3 SIXTH ST., PITTSBURGH. 

SPECIALTIES 



Easyx 



rrand Gift for Holiday, 

Birthday or '\\'edding 





Combination 

:hday or Wedding. ^^rlAllvS 

Ulheei Chairs ^ physicians' Chairs 

VariouA kiuds of In-vallds' Ooo«ls iit SItock. 

SOLH AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED 

^ Wooton Desks and Economy Wall Desks 

Teleplioue No. 1529. 



3.e^a^ 



xeea 



o<E. P. Roberts & Sons>o 



The Leading -^ttji J 

■ .:^e%|l| til 






ill i^^' °^ P»««bupflh, 



16, 18, 20, 22 Fifth Ave. _^:k^ 442 and 444 Market St. 




iiaiiioiigs, watctes, Jewein u M\ Mi, 



0<\ AR T POTTE RY [>0 

Bi^enze^, Pine Gl©©^^, BFiG-a-Bpaa, ^s. 



ESTABLISHCD 1844. 
Tiftit«r» mrit Cordiall^T invited to onr Stor^ti. 



vv. z^" %: 






^ c°.v;;^^°o ./.-^^r.-^, c°\.;^^-.°o >^ 



•^^^♦^ " 




'^^c.'i^ 




*^0^ 








^°^ 










• -."^'% ■ 




^°x. 









•*>^o« 



Wa\ -^^,^* .'^', ^^Z ,^", t,^^^^ ;^^,. 

. .' y\ ''-^/ /% ». 




